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2 0 1 0 P h o t o D i a r y
Koreas Rivers
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2 0 1 0 P h o t o D i a r y
Koreas Rivers
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The flow of life is renewed constantly throughout this land.
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Rivers and creeks merge to create new streams.
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All rivers eventually flow into the sea,
inspiring dreams of contact with the world at large.
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Dreams of a Future in Harmony with Rivers
A well-known phrase describing Koreas natural attributes is silk
brocade embroidered with beautiful mountains and streams.
It is referring to a gorgeous natural environment highlighted by
the countless rivers that originate in the mountains throughout the
peninsula
and flow downward to the sea. These rivers allowed agriculture
to flourish, followed by the formation of states and the
development of cities.
Koreans are well aware of the deep bonds that link humanity to
rivers both ecologically and culturally, and today they are working
hard to
preserve that balance. Efforts are underway to preserve the
original ecological value of rivers,
as well as identify and teach the cultural and historical value
of rivers so that the public can appreciate their full
potential.
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Published by the Korean Culture and
Information Service, Ministry of Culture,
Sports and Tourism
Koreas Rivers
2010
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Appreciating the value of the
picturesque river scenery,
admired since antiquity and
unchanging over time.
Rivers &
Scenic Beauty
Handing down the ecological
value of Koreas rivers,
the importance of which is
recognized worldwide.
Rivers &Biodiversity
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Discovering the historic development
on the Korean Peninsula, like the
endless flow of its rivers.
Rivers &
History
Rivers &
Everyday Life
Introducing the unique
lifestyles developed along
Koreas rivers.
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Somewhere in my heart,an endless river flows.
As the morning sun rises
the shiny silver ripples flow.
As if in my heart, in my eyes, in my blood
my mind quietly nestles and whispers.
Somewhere in my heart,
an endless river flows.
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Subtly Shining
Splendor
Koreas rivers and natural scenery have long been pursued
as a theme for artistic expression. The river is the subject
of
numerous old paintings, and mountain & water pictures
(sansuhwa ) is the literal translation of the Korean
term for the landscape genre. These paintings typically
include a part where the river course adjoins the land, but
the riverbank is placed in the background.
Jeong Seon ( , 16761759, pen name: Gyeomjae )
is from the Joseon Period (1392-1910) and famous for
powerful brushwork and unique depictions of the Korean
landscape. Many of his surviving works have a river as the
main subject. His collection of magnificent Han-gang (Han
River) scenes, portrayal of the beautiful banks along the
Imjin-gang (Imjin River) and a waterfall on the Hantan-
gang (Hantan River) all attest to the exquisite beauty of
Korean river scenes.
Another standout Joseon artist is Kim Hong-do (
1745-?, pen name: Danwon ), who is well known
for landscapes as well as for scenes that portray daily
life in Joseon. One of his most famous landscapes is
Dodamsambongdo(Dodam Three Rock Islets Illustration
); the islets are in the Namhan-gang (South Fork
of the Han River) at Danyang in Chungcheongbuk-do
(North Chungcheong Province). These islets are included
among the Eight Scenic Beauties in Danyang.
Koreans in traditional times lived close to nature and
pursued a philosophy deeply influenced by nature. The value
of their reverential portrayals of natural scenes comes to
life
once more in the modern day.
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Kim Hong-do is best known for his portrayals of everyday life in
traditional times. This is his painting of three rock islets in the
Namhan-gang (South Fork of the Han River).
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Yangsuri, where two rivers meet
The slow-moving waters of the Bukhan-gang and Namhan-gang (North
and South Forks of the Han River) converge to create a delightful
scene. The area is famous for its early morning fog, lotus garden
and a 400-year-old zelkova tree.
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Seomjin-gang in winter
The poet Kim Yong-taek ( , 1948-) praised the beauty of the
Seomjin-gang (Seomjin River), comparing the scene to the dawning
sky awakening the slumbering world.
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Soyanggang in early morning
This winter scene is viewed from the Sewol Bridge, below Soyang
Dam. The Soyanggang (Soyang River) joins the Bukhan-gang (North
Fork of the Han River) north of Chuncheon.
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Jusanji
Jusanji (Jusan Lake) at Juwangsan (Mt. Juwang) National Park
elicits a special charm with poplars standing in the water.
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Seondol over Yeongwol Seogang
The curiously-shaped cliff nicknamed Immortals Rock rises about
70 meters above the Seogang (West River). The cliff makes an
exquisite scene in harmony with the crystal-clear water.
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International Day of Commemoration in Memory of
the Victims of the Holocaust
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Geomnyongso, source of the Han-gang
The place at Taebaek, Gangwon-do (Gangwon Province) is
considered to be where the Han-gang (Han River) originates. It is
located inside a nature preserve that is home to rare species of
plants and animals.
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Yeongsan-gang
The 115km-long Yeongsan-gang (Yeongsan River) meanders through
Jeollanam-do (South Jeolla Province), providing water for
irrigating the expansive fields for rice and other crops. Numerous
scenic views can be found of the river, old pavilions and natural
groves of trees.
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Seonam Maeul, shaped like the Korean Peninsula
The Seogang (West River) at Yeongwol snakes around Seonam Maeul,
the shape of which bears a striking resemblance to the Korean
Peninsula.
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International Mother Language Day
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Danyang Palgyeong
Oksunbong (Jade Shoot Peak ), with its white rock and green
foliage, is counted among the Eight Scenic Beauties in Danyang. The
name comes from the peaks resemblance to a bamboo shoot, and the
overall scene is enhanced with Chungju Lake in the foreground.
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Namhan-gang
Riverside roads along the Namhan-gang (South Fork of the Han
River) are famous for their picturesque scenery of mountains and
rivers.
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Jangjeon Valley
The crystal-clear water that flows down Jangjeon Valley starts
up on Gariwangsan (Mt. Gariwang; 1561m-high at the summit). The
area is also known as moss valley for the beautiful green moss that
abounds here.
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16 tue
Geumgang at sundown
The Geumgang, one of the four largest rivers on the Korean
Peninsula, flows through the Jeolla and Chungcheong regions. The
gently sloping land along the river adds to its charm.
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Discrimination
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Bomunho at Gyeongju
Beautiful Bomun Lake, with the majestic Bomun Pavilion, is
located in Gyeongju, which was the capital of the Silla Kingdom (57
BCE-935 CE). This place is especially beautiful in spring, when the
cherry blossoms are in full bloom.
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World Meteorological Day
World Tuberculosis Day
International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of
Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade
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30 tue
Jirisan, Seomjin-gang and Namhae
The Seomjin-gang (Seomjin River) and Namhae (South Coast) are
visible from Chotdae-bong (Candlestick Peak) on Jirisan (Mt. Jiri;
1,913 meters). This mountain was designated as Koreas first
national park, and both the Nakdonggang and Seomjin-gang rivers
flow through the parks rugged valleys.
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World Autism Awareness Day International Day for Mine
Awareness
and Assistance in Mine Action
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Along the yellow clay path stretching for 300 li,
flowers bloom and birds sing.
The river waters are immaculately clear,
reflecting our innermost thoughts.
Its where the mountains, river and path intersect.The
good-hearted old folk tend the village,
living out their lives like wildflowers.
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From the poem, Flowers Bloom and Birds Sing,
by Kwak Jae-gu(1995, Changbi)
Kwak Jae-gu ( , 1954-) writes both poetry
and childrens stories. Besides his poems, works such
asArt Travelogue( ) and Port Travelogue
( ) offer wonderful insights into the beauty
and lifestyles of regions around Korea.
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The ceaseless current begins as a trickle from a spring,
growing into ever-larger streams to become a mighty river
that empties into the sea. This is the flow of life.
Korean rivers, like many beautiful rivers around the world,
possess great ecological significance. The Hantan-gang, a
river near Cheolwon, is a major sanctuary for migratory
birds. The rare Siberian Crane, with an estimated global
population of only 2,000, is among the estimated 140
bird species that use this spot as winter feeding grounds.
Another 100 or so species drop in here during the summer
months. Local residents are working hard to support the
birds, providing food and banning any kind of poaching.
The Nakdonggang (Nakdong River) is another important
stopover for migratory birds. Flocks of more than 100,000
fly through here. The importance of Upo wetland, a
Nakdonggang tributary, is now recognized internationally
as a registered part of the Ramsar Convention to preserve
waterfowl habitat. Upo wetland is being maintained in its
original ecological state and is an important site for
study.
This is home to numerous endangered, threatened and
rare species of plants and animals both large and small.
The ecological effects of the rivers flowing on the Korean
Peninsula extend to people as well. Mapping out a future
in concert with nature is now a matter of global concern,
and Korea is doing its part to preserve the ecological
integrity of its rivers.
The Flow of Life
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This 19th century Joseon folk painting
depicts the gray mullet, a familiar sight in
Korean river estuaries.
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April4
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6 tue
Upo wetland, protected under the Ramsar Convention
Upo became a Nakdonggang (Nakdong River) estuary some 140
million years ago and is Koreas largest wetland today. It was
registered with the Ramsar Convention in 1998.
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World Health Day
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13 tue
Nakdonggang, migratory bird sanctuary
The Nakdonggang (Nakdong River) delta is recognized
internationally as an important habitat for migratory birds.
Massive flocks of swans appear in the area, which has been
designated as Natural Monument No. 179 by the Korean
Government.
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Suncheonman, a valuable tidal flat
Suncheonman (Suncheon Bay), registered with the Ramsar
Convention as one of the worlds five largest tidal flats, is a
treasure trove of biodiversity. The Government is protecting the
ecological value of the beautiful reed fields and mudflats
here.
21 wed
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24 satInternational Mother Earth Day
World Book and Copyright Day World Malaria Day
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2 sun26 mon
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Mullet frolicking in Hyeongsan-gang
Every spring, schools of gray mullet swim up the Hyeongsan-gang
(Hyeongsan River).
28 wed
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World Intellectual Property Day World Day for Safety and Health
at Work
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Otters in Nakdonggang
This pair of otters, which are rare in Korea, was photographed
in the upper reaches of the Nakdonggang (Nakdong River). The
animals are protected under the International Union for the
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List of
Endangered Species.
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World Press Freedom Day World Migratory Bird Day (9-10)
Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for
Those Who Lost Their Lives during the Second
World War (8-9)
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16 sun10 mon
11 tue
Seoul Forest
Ttukseom on the Han-gang (Han River) was used as a hunting
ground by monarchs from the early Joseon Period (1392-1910). In
2005, the island was recreated as Seoul Forest, an environmentally
friendly ecological park. Now, the location has become a very
popular destination for citizens.
12 wed
13 thu
14 fri
15 sat International Day of Families m
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23 sun17 mon
18 tue
White-tailed eagle fishing on the Han-gangThis white-tailed
eagle, designated as Natural Monument No. 243 by the Korean
Government, has caught a cornet fish and is about to have lunch on
a boulder beside the Han-gang.
19 wed
20 thu
21 fri
22 sat
World Telecommunication
and Information Society Day
World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue
and Development
International Day for Biological Diversity m
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30 sun24 mon
25 tue
Tidal flats at the mouth of the GeumgangThe Janghang area
features the most extensive mudflats in the Yellow Sea off
Chungcheongnam-do (South Chungcheong Province). An ecological park
has been established to preserve the biodiversity here.
26 wed
27 thu
28 fri
29 sat International Day of UN Peacekeepers m
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June6
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6 sun31 mon
1 tue
Muan Crane Village in Jeollanam-do (South Jeolla Province)At
different times of the year, many migratory birds fly in the woods
around the reservoir in front of Crane Village. It has been
designated as an eco-friendly community where people and nature
maintain a harmonious balance.
2 wed
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World No-Tobacco Day International Day of Innocent Children
Victims of Aggression
World Environment Day
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June6
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Common snipe at Upo wetlandA total of 62 bird species inhabit
Upo wetland. They come here to feed on the abundant plant life and
aquatic insects.
13 sun7 mon
8 tue
9 wed
10 thu
11 fri
12 satWorld Oceans Day World Day Against Child Labour m
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Chinese mitten crab at Imjin-gangSensing danger, a female
Chinese mitten crab extends her pinchers for protection. The males
of the species are covered in thicker hair.
20 sun14 mon
15 tue
16 wed
17 thu
18 fri
19 sat
World Blood Donor Day
World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
World Refugee Day
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27 sun21 mon
22 tue
Flock of spectacled teals at Geumgang estuaryThe mouth of the
Geumgang is famous for migratory birds. More than 40 different
species of ducks, swans, geese, gulls and other birdsover half a
million in allgather here.
23 wed
24 thu
25 fri
26 sat
United Nations Public Service Day
International Day against Drug Abuse
and Illicit Trafficking
United Nations International Day in Support of
Victims of Torture
m
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4 sun28 mon
29 tue
Lotuses on Junam ReservoirIn Buddhism, the lotus symbolizes the
cycle of birth, death and rebirth, and people in many countries
closely relate to it. The flower grows out of the mud yet appears
immaculate and noble.
30 wed
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International Day of Cooperatives
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However, look at water,
invariably returning to its original form.
Look at water,
even turning cloudy things clear.
Water, ultimately clarifying itself as well,must travel a
distant path.
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From the poem, Far-traveling Water,
by Do Jong-hwan (1994, Munhakdongne)
Do Jong-hwan ( , 1954-) i s famous for
his lyric poems on flowers, forests, rivers and
other nature themes.
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Ancient chiefdoms and kingdoms rose along Koreas
rivers, which played a central role in the development of
civilization. The Han-gang is at the heart of modern Korea,
and many historical sites are located on its banks. The
stretch
of the Hantan-gang (Hantan River) at Jeon-gok-ri (Jeon-gok
Village) has also attracted attention from the global
academic
community for its Paleolithic ruins, evidence of a very long
historical record.
The societies that emerged along rivers were invariably
agricultural. The Gimhae Plain at the mouth of the
Nakdonggang, the Honam Plain that is fed by the Man-
gyeonggang and Dongjin-gang, and the Gimpo Plain on
the west bank of the Han-gangs lower reaches have all been
important areas for cultivating rice, which is a staple of
the
Korean diet. Of course, the rivers were also important as a
means of transporting the rice grown in these regions inland
or to the sea. The rivers were a central part of the network
that linked overland routes with sea routes.
The Koreans, whose lives have been so close to the rivers,
have created many unique cultural legacies. One example is
the well-known folksong Arirang, which was designated
Intangible Cultural Asset No. 1 for Jeongseon County in
Gangwon-do (Gangwon Province). The tune is said to have
been inspired by the snaking Dong-gang (East River). Rivers
also played important parts in the development of Sunchang
red pepper paste and blue-green Gangjin celadon pottery
from the Goryeo Period (918-1392).
Living in Harmony with Rivers
A celadon pottery bowl
from the Goryeo Period.
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July7
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11 sun5 mon
6 tue
Rafting on Hantan-gang at Cheolwon
The Hantan-gang flows out of the mountains in Gangwon-do
(Gangwon Province). The narrow and long river valley was formed by
a volcanic eruption, and the surrounding area is dominated by
cliffs and gullies. Many people come there every year to ride the
white water.
7 wed
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9 fri
10 sat m
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World Population Day
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July7
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18 sun12 mon
13 tue
Naju Plain along Yeongsan-gang
The Naju Plain makes up most of the flatlands along the
Yeongsan-gang (Yeongsan River). Historically, this land has been
important for cultivating rice, a staple in Korea, as well as for
the establishment of urban centers.
14 wed
15 thu
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17 sat m
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July7
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25 sun19 mon
20 tue
Paragliding at Danyang, Chungcheongbuk-do (North Chungcheong
Province)
Koreas largest paragliding area is at Danyang. Many tourists and
members of paragliding clubs come here on weekends to enjoy the
magnificent natural scenery as well as the airborne thrills.
21 wed
22 thu
23 fri
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July7
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1 sun26 mon
27 tue
Dong-gang Rafting Festival
The logs from trees grown in mountainous Gangwon-do (Gangwon
Province) were traditionally floated down the Han-gang (Han River)
to Seoul. Today, logs are tied together into rafts once a year on
the Dong-gang (East River) to re-create the scene.
28 wed
29 thu
30 fri
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August8
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8 sun2 mon
3 tue
4 wed
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Geumgang banks awash in lance-leaved tickseed
Geumgang Dunchi Park is located along the Geumgang (Geum River)
and lance-leaved tickweed (Coreopsis lanceolata) has been planted
here in abundance. As a result, the area is renowned for its yellow
landscapes every spring.
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August8
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15 sun9 mon
10 tue
Tea plantation in Boseong, Jeollanam-do (South Jeolla
Province)
Korea developed its own culture of tea-drinking over the
centuries, and Boseong County produces 40 percent of the green tea
consumed in the country. The Boseonggang (Boseong River) flows
through this region, which is ideal for tea cultivation.
11 wed
12 thu
13 fri
14 sat
International Day of the Worlds Indigenous People
International Youth Day m
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22 sun16 mon
17 tue
Hoeryongpo at Yecheon
Naeseongcheon (Naeseong Stream) is a tributary of the
Nakdonggang. Here the stream, with its extensive sandbar, wraps
around a farming community, bringing the water and mountains
together in a pattern reminiscent of the Yin-Yang symbol.
18 wed
19 thu
20 fri
21 satWorld Humanitarian Day m
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29 sun23 mon
24 tue
Brushwood bridge at a Gangwon-do mountain community
Residents cross the Jucheon-gang (Jucheon River) at Hoengseong.
The simple, environment-friendly bridge was made by planting forked
tree trunks into the river mud, placing pine branches on top, and
covering the branches with earth.
25 wed
26 thu
27 fri
28 sat
International Day for the Remembrance of the
Slave Trade and Its Abolition
m
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5 sun30 mon
31 tue
1 wed
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Recreational fishing in rivers
Anglers enjoy catching numerous varieties of fish out of the
Hongcheon-gang (Hongcheon River) in Gangwon-do (Gangwon Province).
Sport fishing is popular throughout the country, creating greater
interaction between people and rivers.
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September9
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Windsurfing on the Han-gang
The Han-gang is used for a variety of water sports, including
windsurfing, water skiing and motor-boating.
12 sun6 mon
7 tue
8 wed
9 thu
10 fri
11 sat m
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International Literacy Day World Suicide Prevention Day
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Waterskiing on the Geumgang
The Geumgang (Geum River) at Gyeryongsan (Mt. Gyeryong) is a
popular destination for various water sports in a pristine,
beautiful natural setting. The Geumgang is considered ideal for
waterskiing.
19 sun13 mon
14 tue
15 wed
16 thu
17 fri
18 sat m
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International Day of Democracy
International Day for the Preservation
of the Ozone Layer
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September9
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26 sun20 mon
21 tue
Cheonggyecheon, a watery cultural space in the heart o f
Seoul
Seoul residents love Cheonggyecheon, a stream that provides a
place to relax in an eco-friendly environment. The stream has also
played an important role in flood control since early Joseon
(1392-1910).
22 wed
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International Day of Peace
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Kayaking on Hongcheon-gang
The Hongcheon-gang in Gangwon Province features slow-moving
waters and is wide enough to be ideal for kayaking. The kayakers
also can take in beautiful scenery while following the current.
3 sun27 mon
28 tue
29 wed
30 thu
1 fri
2 sat m
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World Tourism Day
World Heart Day
World Rabies Day
International Day of Older Persons
International Day of Non-Violence
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The dream emerging after waiting, waiting,The stars
dreaming.
The words of my heart set on fire
follow the river.
Winding round and round,
erasing the scars, they rise.
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From the poem, The River Flows,
by Lee Tae-soo (1994, Moonji Publishing)
Lee Tae-su ( , 1947-) is a journalist and poet.
He has published ten volumes of poems, starting
with Water Sounds.
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Flowing
with the River
The winding rivers in Korea have been linked to human
settlements for a very long time, serving as the cradle of
an ancient civilization. The oldest extant lyric poem in
Korean literature (estimated to have been written in the
3rd or 4th century BCE) is called Gongmudohaga (My
Love, Dont Cross Over the River, , and
the foundation myth of the ancient Goguryeo Kingdom
(37 BCE-668 CE) is also closely linked to a river. The
mother of Goguryeo Founder-King Jumong was said to
be the daughter of a river god, and the river symbolized
the sacred matrix from which the kingdom was born.
The remains of settlements as old as the Neolithic
Period have been found along all the major rivers of
the peninsula, including the Han-gang (Han River),
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Seoul was established on the Han-gang (Han River), which has
remained at the heart of human society on the Korean Peninsula
since prehistoric times. (A map of the capital of Joseon in the
18th century.)
p , g g g ( ),
Nakdonggang (Nakdong River), and Geumgang (Geum
River). Spots renowned historically for their scenic
beauty as well as famous temples and other buildings
remain as testimony to the way these rivers have
influenced culture. From long ago, scholars and literati
have regarded rivers as caretakers of human life as well
as the natural and accommodating way to approach
reason. This is why the numerous private Confucian
academies ( ) and the Book Reading Halls ( ),
a special agency to honor young scholars, were located
at scenic spots by rivers during Joseon (1392-1910).
The Korean novelist Kim Hoon ( 1948-) has
written, Rivers are the lifeblood of the land. They passover the
remote recesses of the mountain ranges to water
the fields. The river in poetry bears the weight of both
history and the present.
Korean history and culture will advance forward into
the future like the rivers endless flow. And the dream of
Koreans is that this flow must continue.
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October 10
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10 sun4 mon
5 tue
Paleolithic site on the Geumgang at Seokjang-ri
The remains of a settlement from the Paleolithic Period at
Seokjang-ri (Seokjang Village), on the Geumgang near Gongju,
provide important clues to prehistoric society on the Korean
Peninsula. The Seokjang-ri Museum allows visitors to glimpse what
life was like some 30,000 years ago.
6 wed
7 thu
8 fri
9 sat m
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1017
24
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World Teachers Day
World Habitat Day
World Post Day
World Mental Health Day
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October 10
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17 sun11 mon
12 tue
13 wed
14 thu
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1017
24
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International Day of Rural Women
World Food Day
International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
World Sight Day
International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
Ban-gudae Petroglyphs
Prehistoric petroglyphs depicting animals, people and hunting
scenes have been discovered engraved into cliffs along a tributary
of the Taehwagang (Taehwa River), which flows through Ulsan. The
images have attracted the attention of scholars worldwide.
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October 10
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24 sun18 mon
19 tue
Dolmen
These megalithic tombs were commonly erected on the Korean
Peninsula during the Bronze Age and many are extant today,
distributed evenly along the watercourses of the Han-gang and
Yeongsan-gang. They stand as evidence of the central role rivers
played in ancient Korean history.
20 wed
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24
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United Nations Day
World Development Information Day
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October 10
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31 sun25 mon
26 tue
Daegaya tumuli in the Nakdonggang basin
The Gaya states were established around the beginning of the
Common Era, and the Nakdonggang (Nakdong River) basin was their
principal territory. More than 200 tombs of Daegaya (Great Gaya,
one of these six states) royalty are extant.
27 wed
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World Day for Audiovisual Heritage
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November11
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7 sun1 mon
2 tue
Ohn Dal Mountain Fortress
General Ohn Dal ( ?-590), the son-in-law of Goguryeo King
Pyeongwon ( r. 559-590), had this fortress constructed to defend
against an invasion by Silla. The general was subsequently killed
during the fierce fighting.
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International Day for Preventing the Exploitation
of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict
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9 tue
Lotus pond linked with birth legend of a king
Gungnam-ji (Gungnam Lotus Pond) at Buyeo, Chungcheongnam-do
(South Chungcheong Province) is part of the legend surrounding the
birth of Baekje King Mu ( r. 600-641). The site is important for
studying Baekje palace gardening and landscaping.
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World Science Day for Peace and Development World Diabetes
Day
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November11
21 sun15 mon 17 wed 19 fri World Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease Day World Television Day
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International Day for Tolerance
World Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Day
Universal Childrens Day
Africa Industrialization Day
World Television Day
World Philosophy Day
Cheongnyeongpo at Yeongwol, Gangwon-do (Gangwon Province)
Many tourists come to this scenic spot, where King Danjong ( r.
1452-1455), the 6th Joseon monarch, was forced to stay in
exile.
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International Day for the Elimination of
Violence against Women
Silleuksa
This temple was built during Silla (57 BCE-935 CE) on the bank
of the Namhan-gang (South Fork of the Han-gang) at present-day
Yeoju, Gyeonggi-do (Gyeonggi Province). A number of important
cultural treasures are found here, and the location is superb for
appreciating the beauty of this river.
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December12
5 sun29 mon 1 wed 3 friInternational Day of Solidarity World
AIDS Day International Day of Persons with Disabilities
International Volunteer Day for Economic
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30 tue
Yongyeon Lotus Pond at Hwaseong Fortress in Suwon
Hwaseong, the fortress at modern-day Suwon, was built at the end
of the 18th century. The walls, buildings and grounds here
demonstrate the techniques and materials used for fortress
construction in late Joseon. The site also boasts great aesthetic
value and a highly efficient water drainage system.
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with the Palestinian People
International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
and Social Development
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December12
12 sun6 mon 8 wed 10 fri Human Rights Day
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7 tue
Yeongnam-nu on Miryanggang in Gyeongsangnam-do (South Gyeongsang
Province)
This two-story pavilion overlooks the Miryanggang (Miryang
River), a tributary of the Nakdonggang (Nakdong River). The
monumental structure stands among the best three Joseon-era
pavilions remaining today.
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International Civil Aviation Day International Anti-Corruption
Day International Mountain Day
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December12
19 sun13 mon 15 wed 17 fri United Nations Day for South-South
Cooperation
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Sancheoneo (Mountain Trout) Ice Festival
On the frozen stream of Hwacheon in Gangwon-do (Gangwon
Province), a major ice-fishing festival is held every winter.
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International Migrants Day
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December12
26 sun20 mon 22 wed 24 friInternational Human Solidarity Day
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Rainbow-colored water spray off Banpo Bridge
Seoul has more than 20 bridges crossing the Han-gang, the river
that divides the Korean capital north and south. Beyond their
transportation function, the bridges are being developed as
cultural and leisure spaces.
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Yeouido, an urban center on the Han-gang
Yeouido was originally an island in the Han-gang, which bisects
modern Seoul. This is one of Seouls most important districts, where
major broadcasting stations, the 63 Building, the National Assembly
and many other important establishments are located.
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Map of Koreas Major Rivers Han-gang (Han River)The approximately
500km-long Han-gang originates
in Gangwon-do (Gangwon Province), halfway down
the peninsula, and flows through Chungcheongbuk-Hantangang
Soyanggang
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p g g g
do (North Chungcheong Province), Gyeonggi-
do (Gyeonggi Province) and Seoul before emptying
into the Yellow Sea (West Sea). The rapid moderntransformation
of Korea has been termed the Miracle
on the Han, indicating the symbolic force of this river.
Nakdonggang (Nakdong River)
The Nakdonggang is around 500km-long, originating
in southern Gangwon-do (Gangwon Province) and
Chungcheongbuk-do (North Chungcheong Province)
and flowing southward across the central lowlands
before emptying into the South Sea. This river has
contributed greatly to agricultural and industrial
advancement in the region.
Seoul
Imjingang
Hangang
Bukhangang
S y gg g
Hongcheongang
SemgangPyeongchanggang
Donggang
Jucheongang
Namhangang
Chungcheongnam-doChungcheongbuk-do
Gangwon-doGyeonggi-do
Geumgang (Geum River)
The source of the 390km-long Geumgang is Jangsu
Nakdong-gang Geumhogang
HeongsangangMangyeonggang
CheonnaegangGeumgang
Gyeongsangbuk do
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g g g J g
Township, Jangsu County, Jeollabuk-do (North Jeolla
Province). The river runs northwest through the
Chungcheong provinces to reach Gunsan Bay on the
Yellow Sea. It travels through beautiful valleys rich in
ancient Baekje (18 BCE-660 CE) cultural relics.
Yeongsan-gang (Yeongsan River)
The Yeongsan-gang, which stretches 110km, begins
at Damyang, Jeollanam-do (South Jeolla Province),
and flows southwest through the western half of the
province before reaching the Yellow Sea. The land in
the Yeongsan-gang basin has been highly fertile since
ancient times, and the river has remained a major
avenue for transportation in the region.
Jeollanam-do
g g g
milyanggangHwanggang
NamgangDeokcheongang
Seomjingang
Boseonggang
Hwangnyonggang
Yeongsangang
Tamjingang
Dongjingang
gy gg g
Yellow Sea East SeaGyeongsangnam-do
Gyeongsangbuk-do
Jeollabuk-do
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2011
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Published by the Korean Culture and Information Service
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
15 Hyojaro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea 110-040
Tel. (82-2) 398-1800
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www.korea .net
Fax. (82-2) 398-1882
Design. HongdesignCalligraphy. Kang Byung In
Illustration. Chun Gap Bae
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Korean Culture and Information Service
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
