2016 Kilbaha VCE Examination Biology Unit 1

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2016 VCE

Biology Unit 1 Examination

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VICTORIAN CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION Year 2016

STUDENT NUMBER Letter Figures

Words

BIOLOGY UNIT 1

Written Examination Reading time: 15 minutes

Writing time: 1 hours 30 minutes

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Structure of book Section Number of

questions Number of questions

to be answered Number of

marks A 25 25 25 B 8 8 50 Total 75

• Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpeners and rulers. • Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/or white out liquid/tape. • No calculator is allowed in this examination. Materials supplied • Question and answer book of 24 pages. • Answer sheet for multiple-choice questions. Instructions • Write your student number in the space provided above on this page. • Check that your name and student number as printed on your answer sheet for multiple-choice questions are

correct, and sign your name in the space provided to verify this. • All written responses must be in English. At the end of the examination • Place the answer sheet for multiple-choice questions inside the front cover of this book. Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

ã Kilbaha Pty Ltd 2016


VCE UNIT 1 BIOLOGY 2016 Written Examination

MULTIPLE-CHOICE ANSWER SHEET

Student Name _______________________________________ Student Number _______________________________________ Signature _______________________________________ If your name or number on this sheet is incorrect, notify the Supervisor. Use a PENCIL for ALL entries. For each question, shade the box that indicates your answer. All answers must be completed like THIS example.

A B C D Marks will NOT be deducted for incorrect answers. NO MARK will be given if more than ONE answer is completed for any question. If you make a mistake, ERASE the incorrect answer. DO NOT cross it out.

ONE ANSWER PER LINE

ONE ANSWER PER LINE

1. A B C D 14. A B C D 2. A B C D 15. A B C D 3. A B C D 16. A B C D 4. A B C D 17. A B C D 5. A B C D 18. A B C D 6. A B C D 19. A B C D 7. A B C D 20. A B C D 8. A B C D 21. A B C D 9. A B C D 22. A B C D

10. A B C D 23. A B C D 11. A B C D 24. A B C D 12. A B C D 25. A B C D 13. A B C D

2016 Kilbaha VCE Biology Unit 1 Examination Page 1


SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions Answer all questions in pencil on the answer sheet provided for multiple-choice questions.

Choose the response that is correct for the question.

A correct answer scores 1, an incorrect answer scores 0.

Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers.

No marks will be given if more than one answer is completed for any question.

Question 1 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can be distinguished from each other in that A. Prokaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles and eukaryotic cells do not B. Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells C. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes D. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not

Question 2 A feature that can distinguish a plant cell from any other type of cell from a would be that plant cells always have A. A cellulose cell wall B. Chloroplasts C. A cell membrane D. Mitochondria



Question 3 The following organelle was seen using a transmission electron microscope at a magnification of X20,000.

http://bit.ly/1WHEiw6 The name of the organelle is

A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. Golgi apparatus D. A vacuole

Question 4 The invention of the light microscope (in the late 16th century) was a revolution in biology because small structures usually invisible to the naked eye became visible. The quality of light microscopes has improved since then but there are still biological specimens that cannot be seen regardless of their quality. The best explanation for this would be

A. Light microscopes do not have the resolving power to view small structures such as viruses B. Specimens are too thick for light to penetrate through so they can be seen C. Glass lenses are not shaped correctly for the best resolution D. Light sources are not powerful enough to clearly see specimens at a high magnification



Question 5 Stained human blood and frog blood cells were mixed together and viewed using a light microscope. The resultant photomicrograph is shown below. The frog red blood cell (Frog rbc) and the human red blood cell (Human rbc) are labeled

http://bit.ly/21eqDDy Based on the evidence from the photomicrograph the following conclusion can be made

A. The human red blood cell has a clear nucleus B. The frog red blood cell would be less efficient at exchanging material with its direct

environment compared to a human red blood cell C. A human red blood cell would live longer in the human body compared to a frog red blood

cell in a frogs body D. The frog red blood cells are biconcave in shape like the human red blood cells

Question 6 A phospholipid can be represented with the following diagram

http://bit.ly/1oG6CEF The following statement that is consistent with components Q and R is that

A. Structures Q and R are both hydrophilic B. Structure Q and R both mix well with water C. Structure Q is hydrophilic and structure R is hydrophobic D. Structure Q is hydrophobic and structure R is hydrophilic

Human rbc

Frog rbc

Q R



Question 7 The giant tube worms ion the diagram below have a symbiotic relationship with a bacterium that keeps them both alive. These tube worms are found near hydrothermal vents in the absence of light; however, they thrived in this environment because the bacterium they are symbiotic with converts hydrogen sulfide, from the hydrothermal vents, into usable energy for the worms (as well as themselves). In return the bacteria are provided protection.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siboglinidae The bacteria can be described as

A. Chemosynthetic heterotrophs B. Photosynthetic autotrophs C. Chemosynthetic autotrophs D. Photosynthetic heterotrophs



Question 8 The following experiment was set up to investigate the movement of chemicals across a semi permeable membrane. After the experiment was left for an hour, the final distribution of molecules would be A. C.

B.

D.



Question 9 The following organelle is found in most eukaryotic cells http://belnapfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/p_1.gif The function of this organelle is to

A. To convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose B. To manufacture protein along the cristae C. To provide a large surface area for the absorption of water D. Generate large amounts of ATP when oxygen is available

Question 10 The difference between xylem cells and phloem cells is that

A. Xylem transports water from the roots to leaves in vascular plants whereas phloem transports organic material from a source to a sink

B. Xylem cells are living whereas phloem cells are dead C. Phloem cells are supported with lignin in trees whereas xylem cells are non-lignified D. Phloem cells are comprised of only sieve cells whereas xylem vessels are comprised of

companion cells and xylem vessels

Question 11 The order of hierarchy of complexity in mammals from most complex to least complex would be

A. Organism, organ, tissue, system, cell, organelle B. Organism, system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle C. Cell, organelle, tissue, organ, system, organism D. System, organism, organ, cell, tissue, organelle



The next 2 questions refer to the following diagram of a cross section of a leaf. Structures P to Y represent different parts/cells of the leaf Question 12 Transpiration occurs through structure

A. U B. T C. X D. Y

Question 13 Cells that undergo photosynthesis include

A. V, W and Y B. Q, R and S C. U, P and T D. W, X and Y

Question 14 The regulation of water levels in a human within a narrow range is an example of

A. A structural adaptation B. A physiological adaptation C. A behavioural adaptation D. A combination of physiological, structural and behavioural adaptations



Question 15

The beautiful embryo tree house (below) aims to look like a part of the tree that it uses for support, wrapping around the trunk like a natural growth. The shape of this tree house closely resembles that of the baobab tree (right), which has a massive, swollen-looking trunk. Not only does it honour nature in its appearance, it also has a very small impact on its forest environment, attaching with a set of braces so the tree can continue to grow. The building of the treehouse is an example of

A. Adaptation B. Biomimicry C. Homeostasis D. Biodiversity

Question 16 The following stimulus response model often leads to homeostasis Stimulus receptor coordination effector response An appropriate scenario would be

A. The detection of low blood glucose levels by the anterior pituitary gland which secretes insulin into the bloodstream that leads to a lowering of the blood glucose levels

B. The detection of low body temperature by the hypothalamus where a nerve message is directed to skeletal muscles instructing them to rapidly contract and relax

C. The detection of high solute levels in the bloodstream by the pancreas, which secretes ADH in response.

D. The detection of high body temperature by the hypothalamus where a nerve message is sent to the blood vessels close to the skin telling them to constrict.



The next 2 question refers to the following diagram of a mechanism that controls metabolism. The release of thyroxine from the thyroid controls the metabolic rate (high thyroxine: high metabolic rate, low thyroxine: low metabolic rate)

http://usmanscience.com/12bio/classnotes/enzyme_notes.htm Question 17 The action of thyroxine on the anterior pituitary is

A. Negative feedback B. Positive feedback C. Opposite to the action of TSH D. Due to the lack of receptors sensitive to thyroxine on the anterior pituitary cells

Question 18 Iodine is an essential mineral ion for thyroxine production and effective action. Individuals who have a diet low in iodine can develop a large thyroid gland known as goitre. The reason the thyroid gland enlarges is due to

A. TSH no longer stimulating the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine B. TRH no longer stimulating the anterior pituitary gland to produce TSH C. A lack of functional thyroxine that leads to a lowered metabolic rate D. Continuous production of TSH that stimulates the thyroid gland to overproduce thyroxine

Question 19 The levels of hierarchy in classification from the group containing the most similar organisms through to the group that is most diverse is

A. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species B. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Family, Order, Genus, Species C. Species, Genus, Order, Phylum, Class, Family, Kingdom D. Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom



Question 20

Eucalypts, commonly known as gum trees, form an integral part of the Australian identity with the bush. From the children's song ‘Kookaburra sits in the old gum tree’ through to the distinctive smell of eucalypts to iconic paintings and photographs, eucalypts are an essential part of Australian culture, featuring in art, music and literature. The sight and smell of eucalypts are a defining part of Australian life. The sight of the blue haze from the eucalyptus oil arising from the bush in the mountain ranges west of Sydney gave the Blue Mountains their name. The correct annotation for naming a blue gum tree would be

A. Eucalyptus globulus B. Eucalyptus Globulus C. eucalyptus globulus D. eucalyptus Globulus

Question 21

An extract from:

http://www.savetheamazon.org/rainforeststats.htm

The Rainforests are Disappearing

‘We are losing Earth's greatest biological treasures just as we are beginning to appreciate their true value. Rainforests once covered 14% of the earth's land surface; now they cover a mere 6% and experts estimate that the last remaining rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years. Experts estimate that we are losing 137 plants, animal and insect species every single day due to rainforest deforestation. That equates to 50,000 species a year. As the rainforest species disappear, so do many possible cures for life-threatening diseases. Currently, 121 prescription drugs sold worldwide come from plant-derived sources. While 25% of Western pharmaceuticals are derived from rainforest ingredients, less that 1% of these tropical trees and plants have been tested by scientists.’

Managing global issues such as this requires patience, perseverance and persistence. It will not happen overnight because there are so many people invested in the profits that can be reaped from the cutting down of the rainforests. A logical strategy that will help manage this problem in a sustainable fashion would be

A. Make cutting down trees in rainforests illegal and tell the loggers to find trees and arable farmland elsewhere

B. Get the Western pharmaceutical companies to find alternative medicines other than those located in rainforests

C. Replace the 137 organisms lost each day into newly grown rainforests D. Leave the rainforests intact and get the locals to harvest it's many nuts, fruits, oil-producing

plants, and medicinal plants, the rainforest has more economic value than if they were cut down to make grazing land for cattle or for timber



Question 22 The clownfish is virtually the only species of fish that seems able to resist the toxic effects of sea anemone poison, moving through them unharmed. The anemones protect them and they eat the leftovers from fish on the anemone. They also fiercely protect their territory, keeping individual anemones to themselves in small gender-switching self-sufficient groups. Remember Finding Nemo? In real life, Marlin would have turned female after Nemo’s mother died. http://blogs.disney.com/oh-my-disney/2014/11/30/12-things-you-didnt-know-about-finding-nemo/ The relationship between the clownfish and the sea anemone would be

A. Mutualistic B. Parasitic C. Commensal D. Amensalistic

Question 23 Keystone species within food webs refer to

A. Producers that provide energy to the remaining members of the food web B. Top order consumers that keep the population of other organisms low C. Animals or plants that play a crucial role in which the food web operates D. Decomposers that breakdown dead material

Question 24 A population of organisms will remain steady if

A. Birth + death = immigration + emigration B. Birth + immigration = death + emigration C. Death + immigration = Birth + emigration D. Birth + immigration > death + emigration



Question 25 The following graph represents the population sizes of 2 groups (population A and population B) over 3 seasons It would be reasonable to conclude that

A. Population A are predatory to population B B. Population B are predatory to population A C. Population A has a competitive relationship with population B D. If Population A decreased in numbers, population B would increase in numbers

End of Multiple Choice Questions

Population A

Population B



SECTION B – Short-answer questions Answer all questions in pen in the spaces provided with each question

Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers.

Question 1 (Total 7 marks) The following diagram of an animal cell was constructed by viewing a number sections of an animal cell (serial sections) using an electron microscope. The purpose of the study was to gain a better understanding of the 3D structure of the cell.

a) Label the 6 structures that are unlabelled in the diagram (3 marks)

b) How is the Golgi apparatus structured to suit its function?

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

c) The nucleus is about 10µm across. If an isolated nucleus was sliced into 5 sections, each section being 2µm thick, what would those sections appear like when each one was viewed with a transmission electron microscope? Place each diagram in the spaces available below. The results at 2µm and 10µm are shown.

Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 2µm 4µm 6µm 8µm 10µm

(2 marks)



Question 2 (Total 9 marks) A series of tomato plants were each placed into a transparent bag and exposed to a variety of conditions including light intensity (lux), heat (˚C) and colour of light (colour). The amount of carbon dioxide within the bag was measured before and after each experiment.

Test Conditions Carbon dioxide change (arbitrary units : AU)

1 White light, 25˚C, 25 lux 52 AU decrease 2 White light, 50˚C, 25 lux 0 3 Green light, 35˚C, 45 lux 5 AU decrease 4 White light, 25˚C, 35 lux 98 AU decrease 5 Green light, 25˚C, 25 lux 4 AU decrease

a) Explain why test 3 is invalid when compared to the other tests.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark) b) Write the word equation for photosynthesis

(2 marks) c) Why does green light produce a low change in carbon dioxide?

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark) d) Explain the results of test 1 compared to test 4.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)



You have 10 tomato plants enclosed in transparent bag and wish to test the effect that increasing carbon dioxide would have on the rate of photosynthesis.

e) Design an experiment to test this idea. In your answer show an understanding of independent variables, dependent variables and controlled variables.

(3 marks)



Question 3 (Total 7 marks) The following 4 organs (1 to 4) are all important in the healthy functioning of a human

http://peterdobias.com/blogs/blog/11015021-holistic-approach-to-kidney-disease-treatment http://uncaststones.blogspot.com.au/2013/09/a-guide-to-optimal-lung-health.html http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/heart.php http://www.onlinecancerguide.com/blog/stomach-cancer/symptoms-of-stomach-cancer/ Choose one of the organs from the diagrams above and answer the following questions relating to it

a) (i) Name the organ (1 to 4) you have chosen and state the system in the body it belongs to?

________________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

(ii) What is the function of the organ you have chosen? ________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

b) Name 2 tissues that this organ is made up of. Describe how these tissues assist in the functioning of the organ

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

Organ 1 Organ 2 Organ 3 Organ 4



The human body works like a machine with every part of the body playing a role. We generally take this for granted until something goes wrong. Occasionally problems occur and this is usually called disease.

c) State one situation where the organ you have chosen may not function properly. In your answer state the problem, how it affects the organ and how the body will be affected overall.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)



Question 4 (Total 4 marks) Cheetahs and zebra are an integral part of the African Savannah and an iconic image of them is shown in the photograph below. The cheetah stalks the zebra, trying to get close enough to run them down. They can reach speeds of 120km/hr but can only sustain this for about 10 seconds. The zebra needs to be vigilant and not allow the cheetahs to get too close to them.

http://www.fotolibra.com/gallery/510132/cheetah-stalking-zebras/

a) (i) Discuss a structural adaptation the cheetah would possess that enables them to be an effective predator of zebra

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(ii) Discuss a behavioural adaptation the zebra would possess that enables them to evade the cheetah.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

The cheetah can only sustain high speeds for a short time period because during that time they are anaerobically respiring.

b) Discuss 3 differences between anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)



Question 5 (Total 5 marks) The following graph compares a type I diabetic with a non-diabetic. Both individuals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Person A and B were not allowed to eat for at least 12 hours before the test. A blood sample was then taken to measure the patient's fasting blood glucose level. They were then given a drink containing 75g of glucose. This was quickly absorbed and their blood glucose level is measured over the next two hours

a) (i) What would be the approximate level of blood glucose normally found in the bloodstream in a non-diabetic?

________________________________________________________________________________(1 mark)

(ii) Which person (A or B) is the non-diabetic?

________________________________________________________________________________(1 mark)

(iii) Explain your choice ________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

b) Discuss 2 strategies the type I diabetic should take to ensure their blood glucose levels remain within a healthy range over the long term.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)



Question 6 (Total 4 marks) The current 5 kingdom classification system may soon be superseded with the 3 domain system including eukarya, archaea and bacteria. This accounts for the current biodiversity on planet earth. The evolutionary tree in the diagram below illustrates how organisms may have evolved from the ancestral organism. The closer the branch is to the ancestral organism, the longer ago that particular group of organisms evolved.

a) Discuss 2 features fungi, plants and animals have in common with protists but not with bacteria.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

b) New discoveries in taxonomy are occurring regularly and it is often difficult to determine if new species have been discovered. A flowering plant was discovered that was thought to be a new species. What observations with respect to reproduction would need to be made that would conclude that it was a new species and not a variant of an already existing species.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)



Question 7 (Total 7 marks) The following food web is from the Australian outback

https://australianoutback.wordpress.com/food-web/

a) Name 2 competitive relationships within the food web. In both cases state what the organisms are competing for.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

b) Which organism from the food web would be a good candidate as a keystone species? Explain your choice.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)



c) (i) Draw the longest food chain from the food web

(1 mark) (ii) Explain which population from part c) (i) would have the largest biomass

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)



Question 8 (Total 7 marks) The study of populations is an important area of ecology. If populations are declining over time, ecologists can recommend strategies to halt the decline. Australia has about 100 organisms that are listed on IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) as being critically endangered.

a) Why is it important for critically endangered organisms to be listed on the IUCN?

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

One of the most critically endangered organisms in Australia is the Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat, which was thought to be extinct in the early 1900s but a small population was found in the 1930s. The Northern Hairy-Nosed Wombat is the largest of Australia’s three wombat species: females can weigh over 40 kg. It is distinguished from the Southern Hairy-Nosed Wombat by its broad muzzle and black eye-rings as well as large size, and from the Common Wombat by its silky grey fur, long ears and (of course) hairy nose. The range of this wombat is restricted to 2 areas in Queensland; however, their original range once spanned Victoria, NSW and Queensland. It was listed as critically endangered in the 1980s when the population had dropped to about 30. Since then the population has steadily increased to over 200 in 2015.

b) Why would the capture-recapture method of determining population size be inappropriate to

use for populations such as Northern Hairy-Nosed Wombats?

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)



c) What are 2 reasonable measures that could be taken to minimise the impact humans have on the population size of Northern Hairy-Nosed Wombats?

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

Developing an understanding of the habitat of the Northern Hairy-Nosed Wombat is important if the population is going to be successfully managed

d) List 2 biotic and 2 abiotic factors that would affect the survival of Northern Hairy-Nosed Wombats.

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

End of questions for the 2016 Kilbaha VCE Biology Unit 1 Examination

Kilbaha Multimedia Publishing PO Box 2227 Kew Vic 3101 Australia

Tel: (03) 9018 5376 Fax: (03) 9817 4334 [email protected] http://kilbaha.com.au

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2016 Kilbaha VCE Examination Biology Unit 1