20th Century Lit.review

7/30/2019 20th Century Lit.review

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20th Century Review


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SUMMARY Modernism

emphasis on materials or expressioninstead of illusion

a notion of progress & evolutionpoet Ezra Pound: Make it new."results in lots of isms


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TRENDS

ABSTRACTION

FLATTENING OF PICTORIAL SPACE

PRIMITIVISM

EXPRESSIONISM

CUBISM

SURREALISM

KANDINSKY

PICASSO

PICASSO

NOLDE

DUCHAMP


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definition

Abstract art art which is either completely

non-representational, or which converts formsobserved in reality into patterns which areread by the spectator primarily as

independent relationships, rather than withreference to the original source.Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms


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KANDINSKY

textbook example

p. 396

Improvisation 28 (second version) 1912Oil on canvas, 43 7/8 x 63 7/8 inches

ABSTRACTION


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Picasso

Les

Demoiselle

dAvignon

1907

CUBISM

PRIMITIVISM

p. 389

REMEMBER THE

TITLE IN FRENCH


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Nolde,Dance Around the Golden Calf, 1910

P

RIMITI

VIS

M

p. 396

EXP

RESS

IONISM


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Duchamp,

La Boite en

Valide

(L.H.O.O.Q.),

1919

DADA

appropriation


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Gropius Bauhaus

1926


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Mies van der Rohe

Seagram Building 1957


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listening example - DEBUSSY

Prelude to the Aft ernoon o f a Faun

(Prelude a l 'apres-m idi d 'un faune)(1894)-- exoticism, mythical pastoral

-- ambiguous (vague?) harmony

-- very little, if any, recognizable conventional ortraditional form

-- very well received at its premiere by the public; it

baffled the musical establishment

-- emphasis on sonority (timbre & colorful harmony)

-- called Impressionist, although Debussy hated the

term


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Stravinsky

The Rite of Spring (Le

Sacre du p r intemps)

(1913; for very largeorchestra)

-- a ballet with a story line

written in part by an

anthropologist

-- interested in primitive or

exotic materials; what is

behind the mask of

civilization?

TEXTBOOK CD


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Stravinsky

The Rite of Spring

-- radically new: non-tonal,

harsh unresolved

dissonance, percussive,

brilliant orchestral effects,

extreme ranges,

rhythmically and metrically

very irregular and quiteinnovative

-- a riot (somewhat staged)

at its premiere; much

publicity ensues

TEXTBOOK CD


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Schoenberg

Listening example:

Etwas Rasch

(somewhat fast) fromSix Little Piano

Pieces, Op. 19 (1911)

TEXTBOOK CD

Blue self-portrait, 1910


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TRENDS

DISSONANCE LIBERATED

PRIMITIVISM MORE GENERALLY:

FOLK MUSIC, AN ALTERNATIVE TO

STANDARD PATTERNS & FORMULAS

CHAOTIC SURFACES, CONSISTENT INNER

WORKINGS

EXPRESSIONISMCHAOS v. ORDER


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SUMMARY after WW2

MODERNISM CONTINUES PROGRESS &MATERIALS; EACH WORK OF ART DICTATES ITS

OWN TERMS [POLLOCK, abstract expressionism]CONCEPTUAL ART ULTIMATE CHALLENGE TO THEVERY IDEA OF ART, THE ULTIMATE CONCLUSION OFMODERNISM? [SMITHSON Spiral Jetty]

POST-MODERNISM QUESTION NARRATIVE![CHICAGO The Dinner Party]


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Jackson Pollock, Lavendar Mist No. 1, 1950 comparep. 420


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Robert Smithson

Spiral Jetty, 1970

textbook p. 436


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Frank Gehry

p. 444


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POMO

CHARACTERISTICS OF POST-MODERNISM:

QUOTATION, PASTISHE, COLLAGE

CHALLENGES AUTHORITY OF MASTERNARRATIVE

FOCUSES ON THE CONSTRUCTED-NESS OF

NARRATIVE, AUTHORITY, REALITY(deconstruction is not just analysis)

see p. 431


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Judy Chicago

p. 440


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Gentileschi,

Judith SlayingHolofernes,

1620

FAMOUS FEMALE

ARTIST;

A CARAVAGGISTI


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Hildegard

of Bingen1098-1179

Abbess, scholar,visionary, poet,

musician, healer,

spiritual leader

One of the earliest

named

composers in the

European tradition


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Listening example

by Hildegard of Bingen, c.1150

large intervals large or wide range (large ambitus)

this is chant, but NOT Gregorian chant


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music summary

ORDER & CHAOS

SURFACE CHAOS/INNER ORDER:Rite of Spring; serialism

SURFACE ORDER/INNER ORDER:

minimalism (Reich, Music for 18)

SURFACE CHAOS/INNER CHAOS:

chance methods (John Cage)


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CAGE listening example

John Cage (1912-1992),

Sonata II from Sonatas and

Interludes for PreparedPiano(19 pieces composed

1946-1948)

-- influenced by gamelan

and other non-Western

music


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Formed his own

ensemble to playpieces likeDrummingandMusic for 18 Musicians

STEVE REICH

Preferred the term

process music


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definition

Abstract considered apart fromconcrete existence; the genre of

painting whose intellectual andaffective content depends solely onintrinsic form (Amer Heritage Dict.)

Roots of the term: removed from

(concrete reality); to pull away from

d 9 0


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Mondrian 1940s

p. 394

BROADWAY BOOGIE

WOOGIE, 1942-43

50 X 50 in.

ABSTRACTION


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JOHN ADAMS

LISTENING EXAMPLE

NIXON IN CHINA

an opera about . . . Nixon in China

CD EXAMPLE

The Chairman Dances

Documents

20th Century Lit.review