24.954 Pragmatics in Linguistic Theory

Bibliography

September 13, 2002

The notation ** in front of an entry means that there is an electronic copyavailable in the files area http://web.mit.edu/24.954/www/files.

0 Textbooks, Anthologies, Surveys

Levinson, Stephen: 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press.

Horn, Larry: 1996. Presupposition and Implicature. In Lappin, Shalom, ed.,The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory, pages 299–319. BlackwellOxford.

Gazdar, Gerald: 1979. Pragmatics: Implicature, Presupposition and LogicalForm. Academic Press New York.

Davis, Steven, ed.: 1991. Pragmatics: A Reader. Oxford University Press Ox-ford.

Cole, Peter, ed.: 1978. Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics. Academic PressNew York.

Cole, Peter, ed.: 1981. Radical Pragmatics. Academic Press New York.

Sperber, Dan and Wilson, Deirdre: 1986. Relevance: Communication andCognition. Blackwell Oxford.

Chierchia, Gennaro and McConnell-Ginet, Sally: 1990/2000. Meaning andGrammar: An Introduction to Semantics. MIT Press Cambridge, MA. ch. 4‘Speaking, Meaning, and Doing’ and ch. 6 ‘Contexts: Indexicality, Discourse,and Presuppositions’.

Kadmon, Nirit: 2001. Formal Pragmatics. Blackwell.

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1 Conversational Implicature

1.1 General Discussion, Methodological Issues

Grice, Paul: 1989. Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University PressCambridge, MA.

Sadock, Jerry: 1978. On Testing for Conversational Implicature. In Cole(1978).

Harnish, Robert: 1976. Implicature and Logical Form. In Davis (1991).

Gazdar, Gerald: 1979. Pragmatics: Implicature, Presupposition and LogicalForm. Academic Press New York. Chapter 3 ‘Implicature’.

Nunberg, Geoffrey: 1981. Validating Pragmatic Explanations. In Cole (1981).

Avramides, Anita: 1989. Meaning and Mind. MIT Press.

Levinson, Stephen: 2000. Presumptive Meanings: The Theory of GeneralizedImplicature. MIT Press.

**Gauker, Christopher: 2001. Situated Inference versus Conversational Impli-cature. Nous 35(2): 163–189.

**Saul, Jennifer: 2002. What is Said and Psychological Reality; Grice’s Projectand Relevance Theorists’ Criticisms. Linguistics and Philosophy 25: 347–372.

1.2 Quantity Implicatures

Gazdar, Gerald: 1979. Pragmatics: Implicature, Presupposition and LogicalForm. Academic Press New York. Chapter 3 ‘Implicature’.

Atlas, Jay David and Levinson, Stephen: 1981. It-Clefts, Informativeness,and Logical Form: Radical Pragmatics (Revised Standard Version). In Cole(1981), pages 1–61.

Horn, Larry: 1984. Toward a New Taxonomy for Pragmatic Inference: Q-Basedand R-Based Implicature. In Schiffrin, Deborah, ed., Meaning, Form, and Usein Context: Linguistic Applications, pages 11–42. Georgetown University PressWashington, DC.

Horn, Larry: 1989. A Natural History of Negation. University of Chicago PressChicago.

Hirschberg, Julia: 1985. A Theory of Scalar Implicature. Ph.D. thesis, Uni-versity of Pennsylvania.

Green, Mitchell: 1995. Quantity, Volubility, and Some Varieties of Discourse.Linguistics and Philosophy 18(1): 83–112.

Matsumoto, Yo: 1995. The Conversational Condition on Horn Scales. Lin-guistics and Philosophy 18(1): 21–60.

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1.3 Conditional Perfection

**van der Auwera, Johan: 1997b. Pragmatics in the Last Quarter Century:The Case of Conditional Perfection. Journal of Pragmatics 27: 261–274.

van der Auwera, Johan: 1997a. Conditional Perfection. In Athanasiadou,A. and Dirven, R., eds., On Conditionals Again, pages 169–190. John Ben-jamins Amsterdam.

**Horn, Laurence R.: 2000. From if to iff: Conditional perfection as pragmaticstrengthening. Journal of Pragmatics 32(3): 289–326.

von Fintel, Kai: 2000. Conditional Strengthening: A Case Study in Implica-ture.URL http://web.mit.edu/fintel/www/condstrength.pdf.

1.4 Inclusive and Exclusive Disjunction

Hurford, J.R.: 1974. Exclusive or Inclusive Disjunction. Foundations of Lan-guage 11: 409–411.

Gazdar, Gerald: 1979. Pragmatics: Implicature, Presupposition and LogicalForm. Academic Press New York. Chapter 4 ‘Logical Functors’.

Pelletier, Francis Jeffry: 1977. Or. Theoretical Linguistics 4.

**Zimmermann, Thomas Ede: 2000. Free Choice Disjunction and EpistemicPossibility. Natural Language Semantics 8: 255–290.

**Simons, Mandy: 2001. Disjunction and Alternativeness. Linguistics andPhilosophy 24: 597–619.

1.5 Defending the Material Implication Analysis of Con-ditionals

Jackson, Frank: 1979. On Assertion and Indicative Conditionals. PhilosophicalReview 88: 565–589.

1.6 Numerals and Other Determiners

Horn, Laurence: 1972. On the Semantic Properties of the Logical Operators inEnglish. Ph.D. thesis, UCLA. Chapter 1 ‘Scalarity and Suspension’.

Kadmon, Nirit: 1987. On Unique and Non-Unique Reference and AsymmetricQuantification. Ph.D. thesis, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Chapter4 ‘Indefinite NPs with Numerical Determiners’.

**Krifka, Manfred: 1999. At least some determiners aren’t determiners. pages257–291.URL http://amor.rz.hu-berlin.de/∼h2816i3x/ATLEASTSOME.pdf.

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1.7 Syntactic Binding Conditions

Reinhart, Tanya: 1983. Anaphora and Semantic Interpretation. University ofChicago Press Chicago.

Levinson, Stephen: 1987. Pragmatics and the Grammar of Anaphora: A PartialReduction of Binding and Control Phenomena. Journal of Linguistics 23.

Levinson, Stephen: 1991. Pragmatic Reduction of the Binding ConditionsRevisited. Journal of Linguistics 27.

Fiengo, R. and May, R.: 1996. Anaphora and Identity. In Lappin, Shalom,ed., The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory. Blackwell.

1.8 Definite/Indefinite Contrast

Hawkins, J.: 1991. On (In)definite Articles: Implicatures and (Un)grammaticalityPredictions. Journal of Linguistics 27.

Heim, Irene: 1991. Artikel und Definitheit. In von Stechow, Arnim andWunderlich, Dieter, eds., Semantics: An International Handbook of Contem-porary Research, pages 487–535. de Gruyter. Section 2.1.3 ‘Non-UniquenessCondition’.

1.9 Lexicalization

Horn, Laurence: 1972. On the Semantic Properties of the Logical Operatorsin English. Ph.D. thesis, UCLA. Chapter 4 ‘Conversational Constraints onLexicalization’.

McCawley, James: 1978. Conversational Implicature and the Lexicon. In Cole(1978).

Kiparski, Paul: 1997. Remarks on Denominal Verbs. In Alsina, Alex, Bres-nan, Joan, and Sells, Peter, eds., Complex Predicates. CSLI Publications.

1.10 Life-Time Effects of Tenses

**Musan, Renate: 1997. Tense, Predicates, and Lifetime Effects. Natural Lan-guage Semantics 5(3): 271–301.

1.11 Plurals, Reciprocals

Harnish, Robert: 1976. Implicature and Logical Form. In Davis (1991).

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Kim, Y. and Peters, Stanley: 1998. Semantic and Pragmatic Context-Dependence:The Case of Reciprocals. MIT Press.

Krifka, Manfred: 1996. Pragmatic Strengthening in Plural Predications andDonkey Sentences. Semantics and Linguistic Theory 6.

**Winter, Yoad: 2001. Plural Predication and the Strongest Meaning Hypoth-esis. Journal of Semantics 18: 333–365.

1.12 Ability Modals

Horn, Laurence: 1972. On the Semantic Properties of the Logical Operators inEnglish. Ph.D. thesis, UCLA. Section 2.15 ‘Inferences, invited and forced’, pp.104ff.

Horn, Larry: 1984. Toward a New Taxonomy for Pragmatic Inference: Q-Basedand R-Based Implicature. In Schiffrin, Deborah, ed., Meaning, Form, and Usein Context: Linguistic Applications, pages 11–42. Georgetown University PressWashington, DC.

Bhatt, Rajesh: 1998. Ability Modals and their Actuality Entailments. WCCFL17.

1.13 Adjectives and Scales

Atlas, Jay David: 1984. Comparative Adjectives and Adverbials of Degree: AnIntroduction to Radically Radical Pragmatics. Linguistics and Philosophy 7:347–377.

**Kennedy, Christopher: 2001. Polar Opposition and the Ontology of ‘De-grees’. Linguistics and Philosophy 24(1): 33–70.

1.14 Required Information, Questions, Exhaustiveness

Groenendijk, Jeroen and Stokhof, Martin: 1984. Studies on the Seman-tics of Questions and the Pragmatics of Answers. Ph.D. thesis, University ofAmsterdam. Chapter 4 ‘On the Semantics of Questions and the Pragmatics ofAnswers’ and Chapter 5 ‘Questions and Linguistic Answers’.

**Beck, Sigrid and Rullmann, Hotze: 1999. A Flexible Approach to Exhaus-tivity in Questions. Natural Language Semantics 7(3): 249–298.

Reich, Ingo: 1997. Wer Will Wann Wieviel Wissen?.

van Kuppevelt, Jan: 1996. Inferring from Topics: Scalar Implicatures as Topic-Dependent Inferences. Linguistics and Philosophy 19(4): 393–443.

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1.15 Pragmatics and Optimality Theory / Game Theory

**Hendriks, Petra and de Hoop, Helen: 2001. Optimality Theoretic Seman-tics. Linguistics and Philosophy 24: 1–32.

**van Rooy, Robert: 2001. Conversational Implicatures and CommunicationTheory. In 2nd SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue - Aalborg, Den-mark, September 1-2.URL http://staff.science.uva.nl/∼vanrooy/Sigdialbook.pdf.

**Krifka, Manfred: 2002. Be Brief and Vague! And how Bidirectional Opti-mality Theory allows for Verbosity and Precision.URL http://amor.rz.hu-berlin.de/∼h2816i3x/VennemannFestschriftKrifka.pdf.

1.16 Implicature in Acquisition

**Noveck, Ira A.: 2001. When Children are More Logical than Adults: Exper-imental Investigations of Scalar Implicature. Cognition 78(2): 165–188.

**Papafragou, Anna and Musolino, Julien: 2001. Scalar Implicatures: Ex-periments at the Semantics-Pragmatics Interface. IRCS Technical Reports, Nr.01-15, University of Pennsylvania.URL ftp://ftp.cis.upenn.edu/pub/ircs/tr/01-15/.

Look at the many relevant papers on Andrea Gualmini’s home page at http://www.ling.umd.edu/agualmin/papers.html.

1.17 Implicature Projection

Levinson, Stephen: 2000. Presumptive Meanings: The Theory of GeneralizedImplicature. MIT Press. Section 3.3 “Intrusive Constructions”.

Schwarz, Bernhard: 2000. A Note on Exclusive Disjunction. Ms, MIT.

**Chierchia, Gennaro: 2002. Scalar Implicatures, Polarity Phenomena, andthe Syntax/Pragmatics Interface. Forthcoming in A. Belleti (ed.) “Structuresand Beyond”, Oxford University Press.

Gajewski, Jon: 2001. Implicature Projection: Comments on Chierchia 2001.Ms, MIT.

**Sauerland, Uli: 2001. Scalar Implicatures in Complex Sentences. Ms, Uni-versitat Tubingen.URL http://www2.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/uli/implicatures.pdf.

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