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the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?

26.1- Origins of the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?

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Page 1: 26.1- Origins of the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?

26.1- Origins of the Cold War

Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began

Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?

Page 2: 26.1- Origins of the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?

Key Terms• Satellite Nations• Containment• Cold War• Truman Doctrine• Marshall Plan• Berlin Airlift• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Page 3: 26.1- Origins of the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?

Key Dates• Feb 1946- Containment becomes U.S. policy• March 1946- Iron Curtain Speech • March 1947- Truman Doctrine • Feb 1948 - Marshall Plan is passed• June 1948 - Berlin Airlift begins • April 1949 – NATO is formed • May 1949 - Airlift ends• May 1949 - West Germany is formed

Page 4: 26.1- Origins of the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?

Mistrust Among Allies• As World War II ended it became clear that the U.S.S.R. and U.S. would be the

two dominant global powers• U.S. - Democracy & Capitalism• U.S.S.R. – Totalitarian & Communists

• Other than their competing ideologies there were other reasons that the Soviets and Americans did not trust each other• Stalin had signed nonaggression pact with Hitler• Allies waited to invade mainland Europe • U.S. hid atomic bombs from them

• Soviets go back on their promise to allow free elections in Poland and Eastern Europe – The Red Army was occupying Eastern Europe not much the U.S. could have done

Page 5: 26.1- Origins of the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?

Truman vs. Stalin

Page 6: 26.1- Origins of the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?

Former Allies Clash• The U.S. and the Soviets had conflicting strategic aims in Europe • What are each sides goals?

U.S. Goals Soviet Goals

Page 7: 26.1- Origins of the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?

Soviets Tighten Their Grip in Eastern Europe• Soviets lost 20 million people during the war and had a nearly destroyed

economy• Soviets wanted Eastern European communist countries to serve as a buffer against the west

and to extract wealth out of them• Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania all became Satellite Nations

• Define:

• Stalin takes all industrial equipment out of these countries to rebuild Russia• Eastern Europe is totally dependent on the Soviet Union

• U.S. Response is Containment• Define:

• “…Time to stop babying the Soviets.” – Harry S. Truman

• Became bedrock principle in American foreign Policy until 1972!

Page 8: 26.1- Origins of the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?

“…An Iron Curtain has descended across the continent.” – Winston Churchill http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2PUIQpAEAQ

• Cold War officially begins• Define:

• The Truman Doctrine• Truman aids Turkey and Greece against Communist revolutions

• U.S. will support nations against “armed minorities” or “outside pressures”• $400 million to Greece and Turkey – stopped communist take overs there

• Is this good policy?

• The Marshall Plan• Gen. George Marshall- Sec. of State in 1947- plan to give aid to war torn Western Europe • 12.5 Billion Dollars to rebuild Europe

• How did this serve U.S. interests?

• By 1952 the Marshall Plan had been a great success and Western Europe was booming

Page 9: 26.1- Origins of the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?
Page 10: 26.1- Origins of the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?

Struggle over Germany• Western Allies allowed West Germany to unify in 1948

• Remember strategic aims of each side, How might the Soviets react to this?

• Answer: Hold West Berlin hostage• Stalin cut off all travel, trade, and water to West Berlin. • 2.1 Million people in West Berlin- had enough food for 5 weeks

• Solution: The Berlin Airlift• British and American planes flew supplies into Berlin• Planes flew around the clock, taking off every few minutes, for 327 days • 277,000 flights in total• 2.3 million tons of supplies

• Soviets lift blockade in May 1949 – major blow to Soviet prestige• Same month West Germany approves its constitution and is recognized by U.S. and its Allies

• Soviets turned their occupation zone into the German Democratic Republic or East Germany

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NATO• Defensive Military Alliance• First time U.S. entered

military Alliance in peacetime• Attack on one meant attack

on all • US, UK, France, Italy,

Portugal, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxemburg, Canada, and the United States

Page 19: 26.1- Origins of the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand how the Cold War began Essential Question: Was the Cold War unavoidable?

Quiz 26.11. Name one U.S. Goal after WWII2. Name one Soviet goal after WWII3. ___________ coined the phrase “iron curtain.”4. ___________ was the U.S. plan to rebuild Europe.5. ___________ was formed to defend against Soviet Aggression in

Europe.