30 OCT 2019 - wifistudy.com

The Hindu Editorial

Editorial By Vishal SirClick here for today’s Video Basic to High English Click here

30 OCT 2019

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The Hindu Editorial





The Hindu Editorial





The Hindu Editorial


Onus (noun) = Something that is one's duty or responsibility(दायित्व)

Abandoned (adj) = Having been deserted or left (छोडा हुआ)Valiant (adj) = Possessing or showing courage or determination

(बहादरु)Disused (adj) = No longer being used (अनुपिोगी)Ghastly (adj) = Causing great horror or fear, extremely unwell

(भिंकर)Deploy (verb) = Bring into effective action (तैनात)Lurking (adj) = Remaining hidden so as to wait in ambush (गपु्त)Paradigm (noun) = A typical example or pattern of something; a

pattern or model (मिसाल)Assess (verb) = Evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality

of (आकलन)




The Hindu Editorial


Evolution (noun) = The gradual development of something (ववकास)Inference (noun) = A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and

reasoning (अनुिान)Reluctant (adj) = Unwilling and hesitant; disinclined (अयनच्छुक)Induce (verb) = Succeed in persuading or leading (someone) to do

something (पे्रररत करना)Heterogeneity (noun)= The quality or state of being diverse in character

or content (ववववधता)




The Hindu Editorial





The Hindu Editorial


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The Hindu Editorial


Title: Deep traps(The onus on closure of abandoned wells should be on the local body, and not the owner)

Context:As with several such incidents in the past, the intensive operation inTamil Nadu to rescue a child who slipped into an abandoned borewellin Manapparai, Tiruchi district, ended in spectacular failure.

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The Hindu Editorial


➢Hopes for two-year-old Sujith Wilson were brightest in the initialphase, but they faded when the victim sank further into theborehole, partly buried under earth. The valiant measures of theNational Disaster Response Force (NDRF) personnel along with theirState counterparts and the slim hope for a happy ending of the kindwitnessed in Kurukshetra 13 years ago kept spirits up for some time,but the end was a tragedy.

➢Unfortunately, the truth is that no breakthrough method hasemerged, whether in terms of technology or protocols, when itcomes to rescuing small children who have fallen into deep holesthat are less than a foot wide.

➢Worryingly, more such disasters are bound to occur, since there aremany disused and uncovered well holes scattered in farms in severalStates. No time can be lost in implementing the safety rules relatingto wells issued in the past, to save children at risk.






The Hindu Editorial


➢Among the many steps prescribed for orderly well-digging, there is aprovision requiring the holder of a permit or well to fill up anabandoned hole up to the ground level using clay, sand or boulders(the court also mentions pebbles and drill cuttings). For meaningfulimplementation of this provision, the onus should rest with the localbody, and not the owner of the borewell.

➢Deep borewell accidents have also occurred in cities that rely heavilyon groundwater, and as the Supreme Court pointed out, it should bethe task of the municipal and public health authorities to eliminatethe lurking danger. In the court’s view, the District Collector bearsresponsibility for enforcement.






The Hindu Editorial


Final Words➢Now that another life has been lost to neglect, it is time the State

governments took safety seriously, came up with a census of wellstructures in need of attention, and capped the problem forever.






The Hindu Editorial

Editorial By Vishal SirClick here for today’s Video Basic to High English Click hereEditorial by Vishal Sir

Descriptive Question

Q. “The onus on closure of abandoned wells should be on the localbody, and not the owner, explain why?”

(Word limit: 200)






The Hindu Editorial


Title: The new gold standard in development economics? (With RCT becoming a dominant factor, ‘randomistas’ could be changing the social sciences paradigm)

Context:Development economics has changed a lot during the last two decades orso, mostly due to the extensive use of ‘randomised control trials’ (RCT).‘Randomistas’ are proponents of RCTs to assess long-run economicproductivity and living standards in poor countries.






The Hindu Editorial


➢Three randomistas, Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer,were awarded the 2019 Nobel prize in Economics for their RCT-basedstudies on poverty worldwide.

An evolution➢ In my experience I have seen the proportion of events by the same

treatment varying between 10% to 35% in different clinical trials. Is itdue to unknown distribution of treatment effects, and/or other externaleffects such as hospital care, hospital location, etc? Thus, for anunbiased evaluation of the treatment, its performance needs to becompared with some ‘control’, which maybe ‘no treatment’ at all or an‘existing treatment’ other than the treatment under study.

➢The next task is to allocate the patients among twotreatments/interventions at hand. Patients might prefer sometreatment to the other.






The Hindu Editorial


➢Prior knowledge of the treatments to be applied to them might induce a‘selection bias’ due to unequal proportions of patients opting out fromthe study. ‘Randomisation’ is a procedure used to prevent this byallocating patients using a random mechanism — neither the patientnor the doctor would know the allocation.

➢ ‘Control’ and ‘randomisation’ together constitute an RCT. In 1995,statisticians Marvin Zelen and Lee-Jen Wei illustrated a clinical trial toevaluate the hypothesis that the antiretroviral therapy AZT reduces therisk of maternal-to-infant HIV transmission.






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30 OCT 2019 - wifistudy.com