3.7 Cell Respiration(Core)

What you need to know:3.7.1 Define cell respiration.

3.7.2 State that, in cell respiration, glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate, with a small yield of ATP.

3.7.3 Explain that, during anaerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be converted in the cytoplasm into lactate, or ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no further yield of ATP.

3.7.4 Explain that, during aerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be broken down in the mitochondrion into carbon dioxide and water with a large yield of ATP.

Remember!

Respiration is not breathing!

Respiration is a series of

chemical reactions that occur

in the cell to make ATP.

All organisms respire.

Aerobic respiration requires

oxygen which is why we need

to breathe.

Define Cell Respiration

Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic

compounds in cells to form ATP.

Respiration is the controlled release of energy...

Controlled by?

Through what process?

Enzymes

End product inhibition

...from organic compounds...

sometimes this...

From this...

or sometimes this...

...to form ATP.

Adenosine triphosphate

Watch this!

ADP and ATP

Respiration makes ATP from ADP (adenosine di-phosphate) and phosphate ions in the cell.

What do we use this energy for?

respiration

cell processes

ATP is not a stable long term energy store.

Cells which need a lot of energy will have a lot of which organelle?

So, how do humans store energy long term?

Mitochondria generate ATP constantly in order to maintain a sufficient supply

As glycogen in muscles, or as lipids in fat cells

Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen

The process starts in the cytoplasm and continues in the mitochondria.

Which types of cells would have a lot of mitochondria?

The first part of aerobic respiration is called glycolysis whch means “sugar splitting”.

CC C C C C

Glucose (6C)

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrion

CCC

CCC

2 x 3C pyruvate

OO

Oxygen

ATP

ADP

CO O

OH H

ATPADP

Carbon dioxide is excreted through gas exchange

Water is recycled in the cell

Aerobic respiration produces large amounts of ATP

CC C C C C

Glucose (6C)

Cytoplasm Mitochondrion

CCC

CCC

2 x 3C pyruvate

OO

Oxygen

ATP

ADP

CO O

ATPADP

Carbon dioxide is excreted through gas exchange

+ ethanol

lactic acid

yeast (fermentation)

humans

Anaerobic respiration produces small amounts of ATP