4. Directing

7/30/2019 4. Directing

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It is process ofinstructing, guiding and inspiring

human factors in the organization.

Directing includes following elements: -

1. Leadership

2. Motivation

3. Communication

UNIT IV DIRECTING


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It is an integral part of management. Leader is one who

makes his subordinates to do work willing, what he want.

Leadership is the process ofinfluencing the behaviourof others towards the accomplishment of goals with

in a given situation.


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Nature of Leadership: -

Influencing others

Relationship b/t two or more people

Leader must have followers

It is a continuous process to guide followers

Exercised in a particular situation

Importance of Leadership :-Motivating employees

Leader develops team work

Better utilization of ManpowerCreating confidence to followers

Directing group activities

Building morale

Maintenance of discipline


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Traits of leadership: -1. Physical qualities:- Sound health, vitality,

appearance, physical and nervous energy,

forcefulness, physique, enthusiasm

2. Intelligence qualities:- High intelligence, soundjudgment, ability to teach, scientific approach,

decisiveness, self understanding.

3. Morale qualities:-Integrity, moral courage, fair play,

will power, sense of purpose, objectivity.

4. Social qualities:- Ability to inspire, tact, self-confidence, empathy, initiative, knowledge of nature

human relations.


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Leaders are not born, developed by

experience and training.

Styles of leadership:-The word leadership implies responsibility, authority and

status, but power and decision making provide the

foundations for leadership.A leader has to lead different styles or types of

subordinates and has to adopt different styles for leading

them according to situations. The behavioral theory

includes the following main types of leadership styles.

1) Autocratic or authoritarian leadership style.2) Democratic or participative leadership style.

3) Laissez faire or free rein leadership style.


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Mgt is art of getting work done, which is of difficult

task. So mgt needs inspiring & motivating people toaccomplishing the task in a given time.

Scoot defines Motivation is process of

to accomplish desired goals .


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Nature of Motivation: -

Unending process

Psychological processBehavioral concept

Motivation can be ve /+ve

Importance of Motivation :- on the part of employees to work

in a .

Proper motivationand helps to

Increased and .


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Analyzing of situation

Preparing motivation techniques

Selecting appropriate tool/ technique

Application/ Implementation

Follow up

Motivation process: - Acc to M.A. Jucius thefollowing steps can be adopted in the process.


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Types of motivation:-1) Positive Motivation

Economic benefits, Participation in DM, Recog,

Appreciation, pride & delegation of Auth Respons.

1) Negative Motivation (Force, fear and threats)

Demotion, dismissed, lay-off, pay- cut.

1) Extrinsic Motivation (external factors)Higher pay, retirement benefit, rest periods,

holidays, profit sharing schemes, health & medical

insurance, vacations.

1) Intrinsic Motivation (at the time of performance)

Praise (honor or congratulate), recog,

responsibility, esteem, power, participation .


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Motivation Theories: -

S:N Theory - X (-ve) Theory - Y (+ve)1 Lack of self- Motivation Self- Motivated

2 Authority is centralized Decentralized

3 Leads to Autocratic leadership Democratic Leadership

4 External ctrl, threatening &close supervision is required.

Self directed & self control

5 Unambitious Ambitious / determined

6 Less creativity & resist tochange

High degree of imagination

7 Pessimistic, static & rigid Optimistic, dynamic &

flexible


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An American psychologist was a pioneer of human

needs.5. Self- actualization

needs

4. Esteem

needs

3. Social needs

2. Safety needs

1. Physiological needs/ basic

needs


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It is the process of expressing ideas, thoughts, feelings,

expressions either verbally or non- verbally.(Or)

Is the process of passing information from one person to

another.


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Process of Communication:-

Sen

der

Receiv

er

Information

Encod

ing

Deco

ding

Me

dia

FeedBack


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Methods of Communication:-

1) Based on Flow

Communication

1)

Upw

ard

2)Commun

ication

Horizo

ntal

C

ommunication

1)Down

ward

Commun

ication


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2) Based on organization:-

Communication

* Written

*Oral

Informal

Communication

1)FormalCommunication

* Work related

*People related


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3) Based on Expression:-

Communication

* Written

*Oral

Non-verbalVerbal

* Body language

*Eye contacts

* Signals ., etc.

B i f C i ti


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Barriers of Communication:-1) Physical Barriers:- (environmental factors)

Distance, Noise, Loud speaker., etc.

2) Semantic Barriers:- Grammar, Language, Picture, Action (Non-

Verbal)

3) Psychological Barriers:-

Attitude, Motives, Pre-estimation,

Sentiments.

4) Organizational Barriers:-

Breakage in flow and inferiority.5) Mechanical Barriers:-

Defective procedure, practice, poor officelayout, facts and figures.


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Be a good Leader, Motivator and Communicator

T Qwith regards GBS

Documents

4. Directing