4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP•Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 41

•Topic: Chemical Energy and ATP

•Essential Question:

How are some organisms able to survive without sunlight and photosynthesis?

•Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents!

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

How are some organisms able to survive without sunlight and photosynthesis?

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

Key Concept: All cells need chemical energy

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

Table Talk

• Do energy drinks or power bars do something different from any other foods you eat? If so, what do they do? What causes them to do this?

They may contain certain types of carbohydrates that can be used more quickly and so supply energy faster.

Note: An energy bar provides no more energy than a bagel or banana

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

California Standard

1.f- Know that useable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide.

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

KEY CONCEPT

All cells need chemical energy.

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

*The cells of ALL organisms need chemical energy for ALL of their processes.

• Plants absorb energy from sunlight and some of that energy is stored in sugars

– Cells break down sugars to produce usable chemical energy for their functions

- Without organisms that make sugars, living things on Earth could not survive!

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

• ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to fuel all cellular functions

The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by adenosine triphosphate aka ATP.

Remember from Ch. 2: Energy is released when bonds break!

– When the unstable 3rd phosphate breaks off- A blast of energy is released!

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

phosphate removed

+ -

– Adenosine diphosphate aka ADP is a lower-energy molecule than ATP with only 2 phosphates. ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added

– A large amount of protein is needed to do this!

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

• Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds.– Carbohydrates and lipids (fats) are the most important

energy sources in foods you eat

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

Foods that you eat do NOT contain ATP.

– First the food must be digested, which breaks down food into smaller molecules that can make ATP.

* The number of ATP molecules that are made during the breakdown of food is related to the amount of calories.

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

• Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to make ATP.

– not stored in large amounts– up to 36 ATP from one

glucose moleculetriphosphateadenosine

adenosine diphosphate

tri=3

di=2

ATP

ADP

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

• Fats store the most energy.

– 80 percent of the energy in your body is stored in fat

• Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP.– amino acids not usually needed for energy– about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate

(Fats)

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

Point to Ponder

• If we get our energy from food….

– Where does our food get its energy?- Hint: Your food is probably a plant or animal

• Plants get their energy from the sun• Animals get their energy from the plants they eat

• Ipso Facto: We all get our energy by using sunlight!

PHOTOSYNTHESIS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and photosynthesis as a source of energy.

• Some organisms live in places that never get sunlight.

• In chemosynthesis, chemical energy is used to build carbon-based molecules.– uses chemical energy

instead of light energy