Upload
sachin-khairnar
View
235
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
1/45
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
2/45
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
3/45
NTFPs- Current Scenario About 100 million people in India
live in and around forests to get a
part of their livelihood from NTFPs
About 70 million are tribals -mostly
forest dwellers
Women are the main gatherers &
earners from NTFPs
Family is the basic unit aroundwhich the social organization of the
tribal society takes its form
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
4/45
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
5/45
NTFPs Classification in IndiaShiva and Mathur, 1996
GROUP-I
NTFPs of Animal Origin
- Honey & Bees Wax
- Lac & Shellac
- Tussar and Other Silk
- Insects and Animal-Hides, Skins and Feathers- Horns, Bones and Shellac-Ivory and Musk
NTFPs of Mineral Origin
-Mica, Sand, Gravel
-Other Minerals
GROUP-II
Services-Tourism, Recreation, Wildlife
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
6/45
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
7/45
National Forest Policy, 1988
Their domestic requirements of fuelwood,
fodder, minor forest produce and constructiontimber should be the first charge on forestproduce.
Protection, regeneration and optimum collection
of minor forest produce along with institutionalarrangements for the marketing of such
produce.
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
8/45
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
9/45
Issues in NTFPs ManagementIssues in NTFPs Management 3000 plants species which yield NTFPs (CSIR, 1985) 150 excluding medicinal plants, are commercially
exploited Little is known of the actual production, use, and the
way of marketing
The state forest department is responsible for NTFPsdevelopment process, from inventory to productmarketing
Absence of a definite action plan at state and nationallevel for extraction and marketing
Collection, processing, and marketing continue tooperate in a traditional way in most parts of thecountry.
Non-sustainable harvesting Lacking of Value-added NTFPs
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
10/45
Constraints to NTFPs Sector
Local markets are thin, a smallchange in supply has large effect on
the market
High transportation cost in movingNTFPs from rural to urban centers
Ineffective policies and legislations
Production and processing methodsare rudimentary
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
11/45
Marketing of NTFPs
Mostly Gathered from Forest
Production Often Seasonal
Producers Frequently Poor/Landless
Quantity is Small at HHs Level
% of Sale Price Received Extremely Small Information on Exploitation lacking
Weak links to official Marketing System
Limited Marketing Practices
Non Existence of Marketing information
Lack of Marketing Capabilities
Poor Institutional and Infrastructure Support
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
12/45
Common NTFPs Market Channels
Th E l it ti N t f NTFP M k t
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
13/45
The Exploitative Nature of NTFPs Market
Bigger Trader/Manufacture
NTFP
NTFP
NTFP
Consumer
Collector
Local
Trader/Agent
Export
Processing
[Curved Arrows depict the financial flow]
NTFP
[Size of circle depicts the value of NTFPs]
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
14/45
A Tribal Family Income
Agriculture Cattle Other Employment Forests
Forest (50%)
Agriculture
(18%)
Cattle(14%)
Other
Empl
oyment
(18%)
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
15/45
Time Utilisation by Male &
Female adults in a Tribal FamilyAgriculture
(18%)
Cattle(14%)
Other
Labour
Agriculture
LEISURE
NTFPCollection
Other
Labour Household
NTFP
Collection
Agriculture
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
16/45
NTFPs & RURAL LIVELIHOOD
Safety nets for rural households incomein lean agriculture season or when crop
failure Gathering and marketing at the locallevel are mostly done by women andchildren
Empowering women and increase their
contribution to household incomes
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
17/45
Marketing of NTFPs in M.P.
State Controlled NTFPs
Leased NTFPs
NTFPs under free trade
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
18/45
Important NTFPs Markets in MP & India
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
19/45
State Management of NTFPs
State Forest Department had nominal controlon the trade of any NTFPs
Nationalisation of tendu leaves in 1964 Contracts for collection of tendu leaves from
government lands were awarded to privateparties The petty traders purchase leaves grown on
agriculture lands
The revenue received by the government wasvery low, compared to the profit earned bythe contractors
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
20/45
Objectives of Nationalization
To control the theft of tendu leaves from
the forest and other government lands;
To enhance the state revenue To ensure payment of proper wages to
the tendu leaf pluckers and
To free the downtrodden from theclutches of the middlemen and traders
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
21/45
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
22/45
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
23/45
NTFPs Contribution to Total Export
Economic Significance of NTFPs
1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91
NTFPs Contribution (%)Total Exports(%
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
24/45
NTFPs Production & Employment Potential
Economic Significance of NTFPs
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
Current Production Potential Production Current Employment Potential Emplyment
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
25/45
P i S d i Ph ll th bli
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
26/45
Price Spread in Phyllanthus emblicaChannel-I (Annola
Collector
Tribal Agent
Primary WholesalerSecondary Wholesaler
Channel-II (Annoa)l
Collector
Tribal Agent
Primary Wholesaler
Channel-III (Annola
Collector
Tribal Agent
Secondary Wholesale
Channel-IV (Annola)
Collector
Primary Wholesaler
Secondary Wholesaler
Channel-V (Annola)
Collector
Primary Wholesaler
Channel-VI (Annola)
Collector
Secondary Wholesaler
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
27/45
C o l le c t io n o f D i o s p y ro s m e lo n o x ylo n in M P
0
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
7 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
1965
-66
1967
-68
1969
-70
1971
-72
1973
-74
1975
-76
1977
-78
1979
-80
1981
-82
1983
-84
1985
-86
1987
-88
1989
-90
1991
-92
1993
-94
1995
-96
1997
-98
1999
-00
2001
-02
2003
-04
2005
-06
Yea
Collec
tionin000'SB
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
28/45
Value R ece iv ed for Diospyros melonoxylon in M P & C
0
50 0
1000
1500
2000
2500
1989
-90
1990
-91
1991
-92
1992
-93
1993
-94
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
Yea
ValueinMI
NR
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
29/45
Volum e vs Collection Rate in Diospyros melonoxy
1989
-90
1990
-91
1991
-92
1992
-93
1993
-94
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
Year
Collection Rate per SB Collection in 000, S
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
30/45
C olle ct ion of T e rminal ia chebu lain M P & Ch hatis
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Years
1971
-72
1973
-74
1975
-76
1977
-78
1979
-80
1981
-82
1983
-84
1985
-86
1987
-88
1989
-90
1991
-92
1993
-94
1995
-96
1997
-98
1999
-00
2001
-02
Collecti
onin000'kg
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
31/45
V a lu e R e c e i v e d f o r T e r m in a lia c h
0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
1 9 9 4 - 95 1 9 9 5 -9 6 1 9 9 6 -9 7 1 9 9 7 -9 8 1 9 9 8 -9 9 1 9 9 9 -0 0 2 0 0 0 - 01 2 0 0 1 - 02 2 0 0 2 - 03
Y e a
Valu
einMI
NR
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
32/45
Volume vs Collection Rate in Terminalia chebul
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03
Year
Collection rate in INR per '000kg Quantity collected in '000kg
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
33/45
Empowerment for Poverty Eradication
To raise NTFPs Collector's incomes and
improve quality of life
Organize Rural Womens
Groups
& their Federations
Knowledge & Awareness
Investment Support
Government Departments
Financial Institutions
Panchayati Raj Institutions
Markets & other
Institutions
Self Help Groups (SHGs) Networks
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
34/45
Self Help Groups (SHGs) Networksof the Poor
SHGs
Village
Organization
Block
Committe
e
Group level NTFPs Collection
Thrift and credit activities
Monitoring
Executive Committee from SHGs Strengthening for Marketing NTFPs
Arrange line of credit to the SHGs
Social action & Support activities
Village development
Executive Committee from Village Organization
Support to Village Organizations for Marketing
Secure linkage with Govt. Departments,
Financial Institutions & Markets
Monitoring of the Groups
Micro Finance Functions
10 - 15
SHGsSHGsSHGsSHGsSHGs
The Strategic Interventions Required
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
35/45
The Strategic Interventions RequiredNo Essentials of NTFP
MarketingIntervention
1 Non-destructiveharvesting of NTFPs
A record of NTFPs collectionat Gram Sabha level
A procedure to ensure non-destructive harvesting
2 Tackling the exploitativenature of the NTFPsmarket
The Pharmaceutical /NTFPsCompanies to procure rawmaterial from Gram Sabha (or
SGHs of gram sabha) or fromknown dealers who in turnhave procured from gramsabha
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
36/45
No Essentials of NTFPs Marketing
Intervention
3 Ensuring greater
financial return &employmentgeneration to thelocal people
Local processing of NTFPs
Microfinance (revolving funds)
Optimum utilization of both maleand female capabilities
4 Improving the well-being of the tribalwoman
Improving the health of the forest&promoting NTFPs regeneration
Greater financial return to womenwith focus on the needs of the
familyMale members to be involved toreduce resource wastage & toutilize their capacity to the optimum
Strategic Intervention to Ensure Better
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
37/45
Strategic Intervention to Ensure Better
Return to the Primary Collector
ExportLocal Trader/
Manufacture
[Curved Arrows depict the financial flow]
NTFP
Consumer
Local Processing
A
Bargained
tr
ansac
tion
Collector
Big Trader/
Manufacture
NTFP
NTFPNTFP
[Size of circle depicts the value of NTFP]
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
38/45
Improve Regulations & Policies Affecting
the Development of NTFPs
Rules governing production and trade ofNTFPs should be transparent
Need to allow rural communities to get moreinvolved in value addition & trade of NTFPs
Remove high barriers to entry for ruralcommunities to engage in large-scale tradeand exports
Need to eliminate blocks which increasetransaction costs
Need to harmonize NTFPs policies topromote integration of regional markets
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
39/45
Commercialization of NTFPs
Big traders & manufacturers to depend on
micro-enterprises for supply of semi-processed
NTFPs
Big traders can invest on skill enhancement formicro-entrepreneur and adopt a transparent
system of procurement
The Gram Sabha should have a record of all
NTFPs collected quantities to ensure non-
destructive harvesting
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
40/45
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
41/45
Effect of Va lue Ad dition - Le af
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
10 0
P la in Mou lded Mou lded C u t
T ype s of Leaf Pl
PriceinINR
for25pieces
14"Diamet
12"Diamet
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
42/45
Variations in Leaf Plate
0
5
10
15
20
Diameter Size in Inch
Plain
Moulded Plate
Moulded Cut
Moulded Bowl
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
43/45
V a l u e A d d i t i o n
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
1 6 0
1 8 0
R a w P r o c e s s e d O p e n P r o c e s s e d P a c k
T y p e s o f
rce
n
per
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
44/45
V a l u e A d d i t i o n i
0
5
1 01 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 54 0
A a t i w i t h S e e d P h o o l S e e d l e s s B r i c k s
T y p e s o f T a
rce
n
per
8/4/2019 5 10 A_1 IUFRO Session a #3 Dubey
45/45
Thank You.