5 Themes of 5 Themes of GeographyGeography

World HistoryWorld History

SH 24-29SH 24-29

World History TextWorld History Text

CartographyCartography Maps v. GlobesMaps v. Globes

– Map projectionsMap projections MercatorMercator

– Distortion increases in size and distance as Distortion increases in size and distance as you move from equator. Useful for early you move from equator. Useful for early sailors because of true directions and shapessailors because of true directions and shapes

Goode’s Interrupted Equal AreaGoode’s Interrupted Equal Area– True size and shape, distance is distortedTrue size and shape, distance is distorted

RobinsonRobinson– Flattens out polar areasFlattens out polar areas

Mercator (1569)Mercator (1569)

Positive: used by sailors because it preserves linear scale and allows straight course lines. Also preserves angles and shapes

Negative: scale is distorted especially towards the poles

Interrupted and RobinsonInterrupted and RobinsonProjectionsProjections

An equal area image.

Problem?

A compromise between equal area and conformal

Interrupted projection

LocationLocation RegionsRegions PlacePlace MovementMovement Human Environment InteractionHuman Environment Interaction

Five Themes of GeographyFive Themes of Geography

LocationLocation

Absolute LocationAbsolute Location Exactly where Exactly where

something is found something is found on a mapon a map

Latitude Latitude – Measures North and Measures North and

SouthSouth– Equator (0 degrees)Equator (0 degrees)

LongitudeLongitude– Measures East and Measures East and

WestWest– Prime Meridian (0 Prime Meridian (0

degrees)degrees)

Relative LocationRelative Location 2 Miles South of 2 Miles South of

EssexEssex Must have current Must have current

knowledge of the knowledge of the areaarea

Where in the world a certain place is found; Absolute and Relative

RegionRegion A large area that A large area that

has common has common characteristics characteristics

Physical (examples)Physical (examples)– Landforms Landforms – ClimateClimate

Cultural (examples)Cultural (examples)– ReligionReligion– Language Language

PlacePlace What an area looks like in physical and What an area looks like in physical and

human termshuman terms– One particular area One particular area

Physical Physical – LandformsLandforms– SoilSoil– ClimateClimate

HumanHuman– CulturalCultural

Region = LargeRegion = Large Place = Small Place = Small

MovementMovement The transfer of peoples, goods, and The transfer of peoples, goods, and

ideas from one place to another.ideas from one place to another.

Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion– Items from one cultural are used by another Items from one cultural are used by another

cultureculture What causes Cultural Diffusion?What causes Cultural Diffusion?

– TradeTrade– MigrationMigration– ConquestConquest– ReligionReligion

Human Environmental Human Environmental InteractionInteraction

How humans and the environment How humans and the environment have changedhave changed– How the environment has changed How the environment has changed

humans humans – How humans have changed the How humans have changed the

environment to suit their needsenvironment to suit their needs

What are some examples of What are some examples of Human Environmental Interaction Human Environmental Interaction that you used today?that you used today?

Examples of H.E.I.Examples of H.E.I.

Exercises:Exercises: Using the map at Using the map at

the front of the the front of the room, find the room, find the countries at the countries at the following degrees:following degrees:

1.1. 20 n, 100 w20 n, 100 w2.2. 60 n, 100 e60 n, 100 e3.3. 20 n, 20 e20 n, 20 e4.4. 65 n, 160 e65 n, 160 e5.5. 20 s, 60 w20 s, 60 w6.6. 20 s, 50 e20 s, 50 e

What are Relative What are Relative locations of the locations of the following areas:following areas:

1.1. BaltimoreBaltimore2.2. Wheeler HallWheeler Hall3.3. Johns Hopkins Johns Hopkins

University University 4.4. Towson MallTowson Mall5.5. Catonsville Catonsville

1_____ 15 S and 75 W 1_____ 15 S and 75 W 2_____ 30 N and 15 E2_____ 30 N and 15 E 3_____ 45 N and 105 E3_____ 45 N and 105 E 4_____ 45 N and 120 4_____ 45 N and 120

WW

5_____ 30 S and 120 E5_____ 30 S and 120 E 6_____ 45 N and 06_____ 45 N and 0 7_____66 S and 60 W7_____66 S and 60 W 8._____75 N and 45 W8._____75 N and 45 W 9_____22.5 N and 75 E9_____22.5 N and 75 E 10_____64 N and 1510_____64 N and 15