586. RSA: WWF World Wildlife Fund History - Lauched at the RSA

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    In Memory of Our ColleaguesIn 2006, a helicopter carrying WWF staff members Dr. Chandra Gurung, Dr.Harka Gurung, Jennifer Headley, YeshiChoden Lama, Matthew Preece, Dr.

    Jillian Bowling Schlaepfer and MingmaSherpa as well as other conservationleaders crashed in Nepal, killing all 23passengers on board.

    In 1961, a limited number of organizations around the world—suchas the International Union for the Conservation of Nature andNatural Resources (IUCN) and The Conservation Foundation—weretrying to meet conservation needs, but were desperately short of funds.

    The first call for broad support was the Morges Manifesto, signed in1961 by 16 of the world’s leading conservationists, includingbiologist and African wildlife enthusiast Sir Julian Huxley, IUCN vicepresident Sir Peter Scott and director-general of the British NatureConservancy E. M. Nicholson. The Morges Manifesto stated thatwhile the expertise to protect the world environment existed, thefinanci al support to a chieve this protection did not. The decision was made to establish World Wildlife Fund as aninterna tional fundrais ing organization to work in collaboration with existing conservation groups and bringsubstantial financial support to the conserva tion movement on a worldw ide scale.

    FROM 1961 TO TODAY

    ABOUT US

    Overview

    History

    Leadership

    Experts

    News & Press

    Financials

    Careers

    Contact Us

    HISTORY

    SPECIES PLACES OUR WORK Search w

    ABOUT US HOW TO HELP DONATE h ADOPT h

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    https://www.worldwildlife.org/placeshttps://www.worldwildlife.org/initiativeshttps://www.worldwildlife.org/placeshttps://www.worldwildlife.org/initiativeshttps://www.worldwildlife.org/abouthttps://www.worldwildlife.org/how_to_helphttps://support.worldwildlife.org/site/SPageServer?pagename=main_monthly_2014&s_src=AWG1507SS912http://gifts.worldwildlife.org/gift-center/Default.aspx?sc=AWY1504WC912https://www.worldwildlife.org/about/news_presshttps://www.worldwildlife.org/about/leadershiphttps://www.worldwildlife.org/abouthttps://www.worldwildlife.org/https://www.worldwildlife.org/http://pdfmyurl.com/request-trial?src=pdfhttp://pdfmyurl.com/request-trial?src=pdfhttp://pdfmyurl.com/request-trial?src=pdfhttps://www.worldwildlife.org/about/contacthttps://www.worldwildlife.org/about/careershttps://www.worldwildlife.org/about/financialshttps://www.worldwildlife.org/about/news_presshttps://www.worldwildlife.org/expertshttps://www.worldwildlife.org/about/leadershiphttps://www.worldwildlife.org/abouthttps://www.worldwildlife.org/initiativeshttps://www.worldwildlife.org/placeshttps://www.worldwildlife.org/specieshttp://gifts.worldwildlife.org/gift-center/Default.aspx?sc=AWY1504WC912https://support.worldwildlife.org/site/SPageServer?pagename=main_monthly_2014&s_src=AWG1507SS912https://www.worldwildlife.org/how_to_helphttps://www.worldwildlife.org/abouthttps://www.worldwildlife.org/

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    1960

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    1960

    World Wildlife Fund was conceivedin April, 1961, and set up shop inSeptember, 1961, at IUCN'sheadquarters in Morges,Switzerland. H.R.H. Prince Bernhardof the Netherlands became theorganization's first president.

    1961h

    H.R.H. Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, in 1961 becamepresident of the British NationalAppeal, the first nationalorganization in the World WildlifeFund family.

    u

    World Wildlife Fund, Inc. (WWF)—the U.S. appeal—became thesecond national organization to be

    formed in 1961.

    h

    Launch of WWF at the Royal Societyof Arts, London, September 28,1961. From left to right: Peter Scott,Lord Hurcomb holding a panda,

    Julian Huxley and Jean Baer.

    u

    In its first year, the Board approvesfive projects totaling $33,500. Earlyprojects include work with the baldeagle, the Hawaiian sea bird, the

    h

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    giant grebe of Guatemala, the Tulegoose in Canada and the red wolf inthe southern United States WWF also finances Ambassador

    Philip K. Crowe's 1961 mission toCentral America and Mexico, duringwhich the ambassador meets withgovernment officials to buildsupport for conservation

    u

    Another project in 1961 helpsColombian con-servationistsestablish a small nature reserve.These efforts supplement WWFsupport for the conservationprograms of IUCN, the InternationalCouncil for Bird Preser-vation (ICBP)and WWF-International.

    h

    Incorporated in the District of Columbia on December 1, 1961,WWF named Dwight D. Eisenhowerits President of Honor.

    u

    Ira N. Gabrielson and Russell E.Train were the first president andvice president, respectively

    h

    1970

    WWF hires its first scientist, Dr.Thomas E. Lovejoy, as a projectadministrator, in 1973.

    1973 u

    WWF grants $38,000 to theSmithsonian Institution to study the

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    tiger population of the ChitwanSanctuary in Nepal, allowingscientists to successfully use radiotracking devices for the first time in1973 WWF purchases 37,000 acres

    adjacent to Kenya's Lake Nakuru.Nearly 30 bird species depend onthe lake, including a millionflamingoes for which the lake is theprinciple feeding ground in 1973.

    u

    The Convention on InternationalTrade in Endangered Species of WildFauna & Flora (CITES) is negotiatedin 1973, with Russell E. Train leadingthe U.S. government delegation asChairman of the White HouseCouncil on Environmental Quality.

    h

    To date, the CITES internationalagreement has been signed by over170 nations that are committed toworking together to ensure wildplant and animal species are notthreatened with extinction byuncontrolled trade and exploitation.

    u

    WWF starts to focus not only on

    species-related conservationprojects, but also on protectinghabitat by establishing nationalparks and nature reserves.

    h

    The first TRAFFIC international officeand TRAFFIC USA are created.u

    WWF begins awarding the annual

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    , e y r ze or ou s an ngcontributions to wildlifeconservation in 1974. The Prizeincreases to $100,000 in 1999, andnow focuses on the education of future conservationists.

    1974h

    WWF in 1975 helps createCorcovado National Park, located on

    Costa Rica's Osa Peninsula.Corcovado contains 13 majorhabitat types and is the bestexample of Central Americantropical forest now underprotection.

    1975 u

    WWF and IUCN in 1976 createTRAFFIC, a wildlife trade monitoringnetwork that works to ensure trade

    in wild plants and animals is not athreat to the conservation of nature.

    1976h

    1980

    With critical support from WWF &the United Nations Environment

    Program, the IUCN in 1980publishes the ground-breakingWorld Conservation Strategy, statingthat humanity exists as part of nature & has no future unlessnature & natural resources areconserved

    u

    Through these debt-for-nature

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    ,national debts into funding forconservation.

    h

    Finca La Planada, a 3,700-acre farmin Colombia, becomes a naturereserve thanks to the joint efforts of WWF and the ColombianFoundation for Higher Education in

    1983. La Planada is tropical moistforest with tremendous floral andfaunal diversity.

    1983 u

    WWF establishes the Primate ActionFund in 1983 to support short-termneeds that lay the groundwork forlarger investigations—particularlyimportant for conservation work intropical countries where primates

    originate.

    h

    WWF's long-established support of projects in Africa is strengthened bythe creation of an Africa programand a formal tie (since discontinued)with the African Wildlife Foundationin 1983.

    u

    In a New York Times editorial in1984, WWF vice president Dr.Thomas E. Lovejoy sets forth theconcept of using Third World debtreduction to protect theenvironment.

    1984h

    School children across the U.S.respond to WWF's 'Pennies forPandas' campaign in 1984, donatingmore than $50,000 for pandaconservation. Nancy Reagan

    u

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    personally delivers the gift to theChinese government during a visitto Beijing.Building on 1980's World

    Conservation Strategy, WWF in 1985launches Wildlands & HumanNeeds, a program thatdemonstrates the eco-nomiccircumstances of rural people whoshare their land with wild animalscan improve without degrading thenatural habitats.

    1985h

    WWF in 1985 expands conservationprograms in Asia and Africa,showcasing the new AnnapurnaNational Park in Nepal andstrengthening projects to protectmountain gorillas in Rwanda.

    u

    The Conservation Foundationformally affiliates with WWF in 1985.Though the organizations share thesame Board of Directors as well assome staff, they remain separatelegal entities.

    h

    The Mexican government in 1986protects as ecological reserves the

    area where 100 million Monarchbutterflies converge each winter,representing a tremendous victoryfor Monarca, a WWF supportedorganization created by localcitizens just six years ago.

    1986 u

    WWF celebrates its 25th anniversaryin 1986 with a convocation of leaders from different faith

    h

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    traditions in Assisi, Italy. On the island of Madagascar, thegreater bamboo lemur - thought tobe extinct since 1972 - is re-discovered by WWF-sponsoredresearchers in 1986. WWF alsohelps reintroduce the Golden LionTamarin to Brazil's Atlantic Forest.

    u

    WWF's wildlife trade arm, TRAFFIC,launches an extensive publicitycampaign to combat illegal wildlifetrade in 1986.

    h

    WWF helps create the first nationalpark in Bhutan by transforming theManas Wildlife Sanctuary in 1986.

    u

    WWF in 1987 is instrumental increating the Cockscomb Jaguar

    Preserve, which protects one of thelargest jaguar populations in CentralAmerica, as well as the endangeredscarlet macaw.

    1987h

    WWF helps establish the GuaraqueaEcological Station in 1987, and a770-square-mile protected areasurrounding it, in the Brazilian stateof Parana. Extensive mangroves and

    primeval Atlantic forest in the areashelter the endemic Chau parrot,among other wildlife.

    u

    In partnership with the FrankfurtEcological Society, WWF in 1987undertakes a comprehensiveecological study of SerengetiNational Park, providing essentialinformation about wildlife

    h

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    population dynamics and habitat. WWF and the Malawi governmentwork together in 1987 to assess theenvironmental impact of traditionalfisheries and to provide villagers inLake Malawi National Park withviable economic alternatives toecologically damaging fishingpractices

    u

    WWF in 1988 arranges a $3 milliondebt-for-nature swap in Costa Rica,as well as additional swaps in thePhilippines for $2 million andEcuador for $1 million.

    1988h

    WWF collaborates with CulturalSurvival in 1988 to help Ecuador'sAwndians gain title to their

    homeland in the tropical forestsnear the Colombian border, and tomanage their wildlandsproductively.

    u

    WWF's innovative LumpardaElephant Project in 1988 leads to asharp decline in poaching of elephants and black rhinos inZambia, by establishing an adjacent

    buffer zone for economic activitiesand employing local people asscouts to protect wildlife.

    h

    WWF's campaign to save the Africanelephant in 1989 plays an importantpart in the decision by CITES(Convention on International Tradein Endangered Species of Wild

    1989 u

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    Fauna and Flora) to enact a ban onthe ivory trade.WWF arranges a $2.1 million debt-

    for-nature swap for Madagascar in1989, with the help of a $1 milliongrant from the U.S. Agency forInternational Development - thefirst major U.S. government supportfor a debt-for-nature swap.

    h

    1990

    WWF and The ConservationFoundation merge in 1990,formalizing a relationship that

    began in 1985 when TheConservation Foundation firstaffiliated with WWF.

    u

    WWF convenes the CooperativeWorking Group on Bird Trade in1990, bringing together the petindustry, avicul-turalists, zoos,animal welfare organizations &conservationists. The group

    recommends that the U.S. end theimport of most wild-caught birds forsale as pets

    h

    WWF in 1991 helps create theEnterprise for the AmericasInitiative, which to date has gene-rated more than $150 million inconservation and development

    1991 u

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    funding from the proceeds of restructured government-to-government debt in seven LatinAmerican countriesWith support from WWF, TRAFFIC

    opens an office covering easternand southern Africa—the heart of elephant country—in 1991

    h

    WWF in 1992 begins creating"conservation trust funds" for anumber of high-priorityconservation areas. These trusts actas foundations, providing stable,long-term funding that can meet acountry's recurrent environmentalcosts.

    1992 u

    WWF in 1993 completes a $19

    million debt-for-nature swap in thePhilippines, the largest such swapever undertaken by anongovernmental organization.

    1993h

    WWF in 1993 helps create theForest Stewardship Council (FSC) tofind solutions which promoteresponsible stewardship of theworld's forests. FSC grows to global

    network of more than 40 offices inthe United States and around theworld.

    u

    WWF launches the Russell E. TrainEducation for Nature (EFN) Programin 1994 to build capacity for conser-vation in Africa, Asia, and LatinAmerica by supporting academicand mid-career training. To date,

    1994h

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    EFN has awarded over 1000scholarships and grants. WWF in 1994 initiates and leads the

    effort of mainstream environmentalgroups to secure congressionalapproval of the North AmericanFree Trade Agreement, the firsttrade convention to address theenvironment.

    u

    WWF in 1996 works with Malaysiaand the Philippines to establish theTurtle Islands Heritage ProtectedArea, the world's first transbordermarine protected area for seaturtles.

    1996h

    Our Stolen Future , written by WWFsenior scientist Theo Colburn and

    two colleagues, is published in 1996.The book gives a vivid account of the discovery that some man-madechemicals disrupt the endocrinesystem in wildlife and humans.

    u

    WWF negotiates a debt-for-natureswap in Madagascar worth $3.2million in 1996. Funding is providedby the Dutch government.

    h

    WWF in 1997 launches the Living

    Planet Campaign, a new vision forpreserving Earth's biodiversity. Thecenterpiece of the campaign is theGlobal 200, a framework of morethan 200 terrestrial, marine andfreshwater ecoregions.

    1997 u

    World Bank President JamesWolfensohn in 1997 introduces a

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    partnership with WWF to bring 500million acres of forest underindependent certification assustainably managed by 2005, andto establish an additional 50 millionacres of new forest protected areas. The government of Nepal declares

    Kanchenjunga, the world's third-highest mountain, as a specialconservation area in 1997.

    u

    Several Canadian oil companiesdonate 320,000 acres of explorationrights off Canada's Pacific Coast toestablish a new marine preserve fororcas, sea otters, starfish andhundreds of other marine species in1997.

    h

    WWF and Unilever in 1997 establishthe Marine Stewardship Council(MSC) to assure the long-termsustainability of global fish stocksand the integrity of marineecosystems. Two years later MSCbecomes a fully independentnonprofit organization.

    u

    In a pledge developed through the

    WWF-World Bank Alliance, thepresident of Brazil in 1998 commitsto provide legal protection for 10percent of the Brazilian rain forest,an area greater than all of thenational parks in the contiguousUnited States combined

    1998h

    WWF plays a key role in persuading

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    law to protect the Galapagos Islandsin 1998. The law creates a marinesanctuary around the islands to a40-mile limit, bans industrial-scalefishing in the area and ensurestourist revenues supportconservation.

    u

    Namibia in 1998 establishes theCommunal Area ConservanciesProgram, designating fourcommunally-run natureconservancies covering 4.2 millionacres of critical wildlife habitat.

    h

    These new conservancies are thefirst stage in the creation of abroader network of conservancies

    under a WWF-cosponsoredconservation initiative called LIFE(Living in a Finite Environment).

    u

    WWF in 1999 helps craft and securesupport from the fishing industryfor a proposal to establish a 186-square-nautical-mile no-fishing zonein the Dry Tortugas within theFlorida Keys National Marine

    Sanctuary.

    1999h

    WWF in 1999 convenes the YaoundeForest Summit in Yaounde,Cameroon. At the Summit, sixAfrican heads of state jointlyannounce plans to create 12 millionacres of new cross-border forestprotected areas in the Congo Basin.

    u

    WWF and Fundacion Vida Silvestre

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    Argentina in 1999 are instrumentalin winning passage of legislation toprotect a 2.5 million-acre forestcorridor connecting existingreserves in Argentina's MisionesProvince and neighboring Brazil.

    h

    2000

    In 2000, The number of forest acrescertified under the principles of theFSC reaches 44 million, including 6.4million acres in the United States.

    u

    The President of Brazil's 1998pledge to create 70 million acres of

    new protected area in the Amazonexpands in 2000, with a newcommitment to strengthen themanagement of an additional 30million acres of existing protectedareas

    h

    International standards for fisheriesmanagement are established in2000 under the MSC. Certified

    Australian rock lobster comes tomarket, and Alaska salmon, whichrepresents more than six percent of the total annual U.S. fish catch, iscertified as well.

    u

    Central African nations in 2001surpass commitments made at theYaounde Summit. These

    2001h

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    governments established nearly 13million acres of protected areas inthe Congo Basin, and are givingspecial attention to anti-poachingand sustainable forestry. In the Terai Arc of the Eastern

    Himalayan lowlands, WWF in 2001spurs progress toward theambitious goal of creating wildlifecorridors linking 11 protected areasbetween Nepal's Royal ChitwanNational Park and India's CorbettNational Park, an area of 12,160acres.

    u

    The government of Nepal hasdoubled the size of Royal BardiaNational Park to nearly 450,000acres in 2001, and hundreds of thousands of tree seedlings havebeen planted in two priorityrestoration corridors.

    h

    The Amazon Region Protected Areas(ARPA) program launches in 2002.ARPA , an initiative of the Braziliangovernment spearheaded by WWF,will triple the Amazon protectedareas system over the next decade.

    2002 u

    The Brazilian government createsTumucumaque National Park in theBrazilian Amazon in 2002, and WWFcommits $1 million for itsmanagement. This 9.4 million-acrepark is the largest tropical park inthe world

    h

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    $10.6 million for the conservation of more than 27.5 million acres in thePeruvian Amazon.

    u

    Funding for the swap is generatedthrough an unprecedentedpartnership between WWF,Conservation International, TheNature Conservancy and the U.S.government.

    h

    WWF secures a $53 millioncommitment from the U.S.government in 2003 for the newCongo Basin Forest Partnership.Working with the six involvedAfrican governments, science-basedpriorities are defined for protectingspecies and habitats in the region.

    2003 u

    After three years of intensive workby WWF, the 1.7-million acreChandless State Park is created in2003 in the Brazilian Amazon.

    h

    Global Environment Facility in 2003officially endorses WWF's AfricaStockpiles Program initiative &makes a $25 million commitment to

    the program, which aims to clean up& safely dispose of more than50,000 metric tons of obsoletepesticide waste stockpiledthroughout Africa.

    u

    Negotiations by WWF and partnersin 2004 culminate in funding toprotect nearly 11 million acres of

    2004h

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    tropical forest in Colombia througha $10 million debt-for-nature swapand $15 million from the GlobalEnvironment Facility. A new census in 2004 shows WWF

    efforts to protect African rhinos arepaying off: there are 3,600 blackrhinos a substantial increase fromthe 2,400 left in the 1990s—and11,000 white rhinos, up from fewerthan 100 a century ago.

    u

    WWF and partners in 2004 launchthe International Smart GearCompetition, encouraging thedesign of innovative fishing gear toreduce accidental deaths of marinemammals, birds and sea turtles.

    h

    WWF and the Chinese governmentin 2004 release the mostcomprehensive study ever done of pandas in the wild, showing nearly50 percent more pandas thanpreviously thought.

    u

    WWF's Board of Directors in 2005adopts a 10-year goal: tomeasurably conserve 15 to 20 of the

    world's most important ecoregions,and in so doing, transform markets,policies, and institutions in order toreduce threats to these places andthe diversity of life on Earth.

    2005h

    WWF in 2005 establishes theMesoamerican Reef Trust Fund,benefiting Belize, Honduras,Guatemala and Mexico. It is the first

    u

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    conservation trust fund to beimplemented on an ecoregionalscale.WWF and the American Prairie

    Foundation in 2005 acquire 31,320acres of land in Montana for wildliferestoration. In conjunction with acontinent-wide effort to save theAmerican bison, genetically purebison are reintroduced to this landafter an absence of 120 years.

    h

    In the wake of the 2004 IndianOcean tsunami, WWF developsGreen Reconstruction PolicyGuidelines in 2005 to be used by theAmerican Red Cross as a blueprintfor reconstruction efforts.

    u

    WWF in 2006 defeats a proposal forthe world's largest oil palm plant-ation, which threatens to destroythe last remaining intact forests of Borneo. Governments of Malaysia,Indonesia and Brunei commit to theHeart of Borneo declaration toconserve and sustainably manage

    the forests.

    2006h

    WWF in 2006 engages with Wal-Marton sustain-ability efforts focused onits supply chain, including MSCcertification of all fisheries,participation in the Global Forest &Trade Network, Mining CertificationGuidelines, Better Cotton Initiative &

    u

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    other agriculture-related issues.WWF in 2006 supports thedeclaration of the 4.7 million-acre

    Juruena National Park in theAmazon. With this new park, a totalof 33 million acres of new strictnature protection and 18.5 millionacres of new sustainable use areas

    have been created since ARPA'sinception in 2002.

    h

    WWF in 2006 receives the largestgift in its history, $34.6 million, fromthe estate of H. Guy Di Stefano. Thedonation is earmarked for projectswith potential for large andimmediate impact on WWF'sworldwide conservation efforts

    u

    WWF and The Coca-Cola Companyin 2007 announce a $20 millionpartnership to focus on sevenimportant river basins, global supplychain and water use efficiency in itsbottling plants.

    2007h

    WWF in 2007 helps Russia establishtwo new national parks in key tigerhabitat. Covering 419,000 acres,these are the first parks in theregion to balance conservation andrecreational uses.

    u

    At the meeting of the Asia-PacificEconomic Cooperation in 2007, all21 heads of state in atten- dance,including President Bush andIndonesian President Yudhoyono,commit to advance the Coral

    h

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    Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs,Fisheries and Food Security. WWF in 2007 forms the Climate

    Savers Computing Initiative withGoogle, IBM, Dell, Intel and others,establishing new efficiencystandards for computers that willreduce greenhouse gas emissions

    by 54 million tons per year.

    u

    The largest debt-for-nature swap inMadagascar's history is agreed to bythe governments of Madagascarand France in 2008. The swapallocates roughly $20 million overfive years, and is part of a globaleffort led by WWF

    2008h

    In direct response to a WWF-ledcampaign, Staples, the largest officeproducts company in the U.S., endsits relationship with Asia Pulp &Paper (APP) because of its poorenvironmental practices

    u

    WWF helps Bhutan create the 1,442-square mile Wangchuck CentennialPark, the second-largest park in thecountry. With the creation of this

    park, 49 percent of Bhutan's landcover is protected.

    h

    Governors of Sumatra's 10provinces sign an agreementpledging to restore criticalecosystems in Sumatra and protectareas with high conservation values.WWF will help implement this

    u

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    political commitment.Governors of Sumatra's 10provinces sign an agreementpledging to restore criticalecosystems in Sumatra and protectareas with high conservation values.WWF will help implement thispolitical commitment.

    2009h

    WWF, Fundacion Carlos Slim (FCS) &

    the Mexican government launch theAlianza Mexico, an initiative toestablish Mexico as a global modelfor conservation. The Alianza plansan initial $100 million investmentfrom FCS and other donors tosupport conservation.

    u

    The 10-year Regional Coral TriangleInitiative (CTI) Plan of Action, whichsets steps to address growingthreats to the region's wildlife andhabitat, is agreed to at the CTILeaders' Summit in Indonesia. WWFwas intimately involved in thedevelopment of the plan.

    h

    2010

    Year of the Tiger: TX2: The Year of the Tiger campaign, WWF’s firstspecies specific global campaign inmore than 20 years launches withthe goal to double the number of

    u

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    tigers by 2022.WWF-US 50th Anniversary

    2011h

    Earth Hour City Challenge—a year-long competition asking U.S. cities toprepare for increasingly extremeweather and to promote renewable

    energy—calls on 1,700 towns totake action.

    2012 u

    Thai Prime Minister pledges to enddomestic ivory trade in Thailand,the world’s largest unregulated ivorymarket, marking a major win inWWF’s efforts to stop wildlife crime.

    2013h

    ARPA (Amazon Region ProtectedAreas), the largest tropical forestconservation project in history,receives funding to protect 150million acres of the BrazilianAmazon rainforest.

    2014 u

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