6CO2 +6H2O [+nutrients + sunlight] C6H12O6 +6O2

Photosynthesis

Oxidation [respiration; decomposition]

http://science.hq.nasa.gov/oceans/system/climate.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatom

http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/imagelibrary/emilianiahuxleyi.html

http://www.grida.no/climate/vital/graphics/large/12.jpg

http://www.stovesonline.co.uk/stove/img/coal-formation.jpg

Coal

http://www.devoniantimes.org/who/images/p-seedplants.gif

Devonian

http://universe-review.ca/I10-68-Devonian.jpg

Carboniferous

http://universe-review.ca/I10-68-Carboniferous.jpg

Cyclothems

http://www.acr-alberta.com/Global_Coal_Distribution.jpg

http://www.blm.gov/nhp/pubs/brochures/minerals/images/longwall.jpg

http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module19/images/UndergroundCoalMining.jpg

http://www.kctcs.net/todaysnews/images/mine.jpg

http://www.ohiodnr.com/mineral/citizen/images/surfacecoal.jpg

Surface mines(mountain top removal)

Underground mines(recall subsidence/collapse discussion)

http://www.wintershall.com/erdoel_erdgas.html?&L=0

X

X

http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/colombia/images/map04.gif

include the offshore locations too

http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~leeman/Seisexploration.gif

Oil and Gas Exploration: seismic surveys

http://www.dmf.go.th/petro_focus/images/seismic12.jpg

on sea or land

http://www.polarsat.com/images/oil_drilling.jpg

http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/oil-gas/Petroleum/projects/EP/images/IMG0045.jpg

http://www.daviesand.com/Perspectives/Forest_Products/Oil_Reserves/

The Global Hubbert Peak Forecast of Future Global Oil Output

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ASPO_2004.png

2004 predictions

…Natural gas is a good substitute and it will last for a while but it will have its own peak one or two decades after oil, so it’s only a temporary solution. If you turn to coal, we’re now using twice as much energy from oil as we are from coal. So if you want to liquefy coal as a substitute for oil in transportation—which is its most important application—you would have to mine coal at a rate that’s many, many times at the rate of what we’re doing now. But the conversion process is very inefficient. So you’d have to mine much more than that. If you put that together with the growing world population and the fact that the rest of the world wants to increase its standard of living, you realize that the estimates that say we have hundreds of years worth of coal in the ground are wrong by a factor of ten or more. So we will run out of all fossil fuels. Coal will peak just like any natural resource. We will reach the peak for all fossil fuels by the end of the century.

David Goodstein (2004):