7B Reproduction

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7B Reproduction

New life

Human reproduction

Pregnancy

Puberty

7B Reproduction


7B Reproduction

New life


Reproduction is the creation of a new living thing.

All species reproduce by creating new individuals called offspring.

7B New life – What is reproduction?


7B New life - How does a new life start?

In most animals, a new life begins whena female egg cell joins with a male sperm cell.

sperm cell

egg cell (ovum)


How does the fertilised egg contain genetic information from the female parent and the male parent?

7B New life - How does a new life start?

When an egg and sperm meet, the two nuclei fuse together to form a new living thing.

This process is called fertilisation.


number of eggs

fertilisation

time until birth

care after birth?

survival of offspring

1000s 2-8 3-5 1

external internal internal internal

5-15 days 3 weeks 8-9 weeks 9 months

no yes yes yes

low high high high

7B New life – Reproductive patterns

Animals reproduce in different ways to ensure survival depending on their environment.

Compare the reproductive patterns of different animals.


7B Reproduction

Human reproduction


The male body is adapted to produce sperm and pass it on to the female.

The female body is adapted so that an egg cell can be fertilised by a sperm cell.

The female is also designed to carry the developing offspring until it is ready to be born.

7B Human reproduction - Adaptations

How are adult humans adapted for reproduction?


7B Human reproduction - Male reproductive organs


7B Human reproduction - Female reproductive organs


gegstusureestestmerps

pinalfoal butesnepi

motrucssevariogaivan

smerp dctu

These scrambled words are parts of the human reproductive system.

7B Human reproduction - Female or male?

Unscramble them and decide if they are female or male?


7B Human reproduction – Fertilisation

Human reproduction begins with fertilisation.


7B Reproduction

Pregnancy


7B Pregnancy – Development of the human fetus


Why does a pregnant woman have to be carefulabout what she takes into her body?

7B Pregnancy - Dangers to fetus

A baby is entirely dependent on its mother during pregnancy.

Oxygen and food pass across the placenta from the mother’s blood to the embryo’s blood.

Some harmful substances can also pass across the placenta with serious effects on the developing baby.


1 alcohol

2 drugs

3 smoking

4 HIV virus

Harmful substance

5 Rubella virus1 alcohol

2 drugs

3 smoking

4 HIV virus

Harmful substance

5 Rubella virus

A Fetus may be infected with life-threatening disease before it is born.

B Oxygen supply is reduced by nicotine and carbon monoxide.

C Embryo infected and cannot develop properly. It may be born blind or deaf.

D Blood vessels and heart may be damaged. Baby maybe small, born early or born dead.

Effect on baby

E Baby may be born underweight or brain-damaged.

Match the substance to the effect it may have on a developing baby.

7B Pregnancy - Dangers to fetus


A. During labour, hormones make the muscles of the uterus contract at regular intervals.

B. Contractions continue until the placenta has passed out of the

mother’s body. C. The muscles of the cervix relax and the head of the baby passes

into the vagina. D. The baby turns so that its head is above the cervix, ready for birth.

E. The contractions of the uterus push the baby out through the vagina.

F. The amnion splits and the watery amniotic fluid runs out.

A. During labour, hormones make the muscles of the uterus contract at regular intervals.

B. Contractions continue until the placenta has passed out of the mother’s body.

C. The muscles of the cervix relax and the head of the baby passes into the vagina.

D. The baby turns so that its head is above the cervix, ready for birth.

E. The contractions of the uterus push the baby out through the vagina.

F. The amnion splits and the watery amniotic fluid runs out.

Put these sentences about the stages of birth in the right order.

7B Pregnancy – Birth


7B Reproduction

Puberty


Why is the rate of growth not a straight line?

When is the growth rate fastest?

7B Puberty - Growing up

Humans change as they grow from a baby to an adult.

The graph shows the rate of growth for a typical human.


7B Puberty - Hormones

2. During puberty young people start to develop into…

a) astronauts.

b) androids.

c) adults.

1. Most people reach puberty between the ages of…

a) 10 and 18.

b) 18 and 30.

c) 30 and 60.


4. Hormones are released inside the body and cause…

a) physical changes only.

b) emotional changes only.

c) physical and emotional changes.

3. Changes during puberty are controlled by special chemicals called…

a) hornets.

b) hormones.

c) horses.



5. Emotional changes during puberty affect…

a) feelings and behaviour.

b) your hearing.

c) the weather.


6. Physical changes during puberty affect the size and shape of…

a) …the body.

b) …CD players.

c) …hornets.


8. Understanding the science of your body as it changes is important to…

a) your neighbours.

b) your doctor.

c) your health.


7. After puberty the individual has become…

a) sexually mature and is able to produce offspring.

b) a professional footballer and is able to go shopping.

c) a blackbelt in judo and is able to go travelling.


7B Puberty - Menstrual cycle


7B Puberty - Menstrual cycle

Documents

7B Reproduction