8. Sistem Komunikasi Fiber Optik

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SISTEMSISTEM KOMUNIKASIKOMUNIKASI SERATSERAT OPTIKOPTIK


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I. PENDAHULUAN

KOMUNIKASI adalah transfer informasi dari satu

titik ke titik yang lain.

Jarak, diperlukan suatu sistem.


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FIBER OPTIK

1. FIBER OPTIK

Fiber Optic adalah media transmisi informasiyang terbuat dari serat kaca dan plastic yangmenggunakan bias cahaya dalam mentransmisikan datasehingga memiliki kecepatan transfer data yang

sangat cepat.


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The General System

The General Communication System

Information source Transmitter

(modulator)

Transmission

Medium

Receiver

(demodulator)Destination


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The General System

The Optical Fiber Communication System

Information source Electrical

Transmit

Optical

Source

Optical Fiber

Receiver

(demodulator)Destination

Optical

Detector


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Optical Fiber Advantages6

Weight and Size Fiber cable is significantly smaller and lighter than electrical cables to do the

same job

Material Cost Fiber cable costs significantly less than copper cable for the same transmission

capacity

Jaringan Telekomunikasi

Information Capacity Recently, bit-rates of up to 14 Tbit/s have been reached over a single 160 km

line using optical amplifiers

No Electrical Connection Electrical connections have problems:

Ground loops (in a conductor connecting two points that are supposed to be at thesame potential, often ground, but are actually at different potentials) causing noises

and interferences

Dangerous (must be protected)

Lightning poses a severe hazard


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Optical Fiber Advantages (Cont)7

No Electromagnetic Interference Because the connection is not electrical, you can neither pick up nor

create electrical interference (the major source of noise)

Longer distances between Regenerators (hundreds of

kilometers)


Open Ended Capacity The maximum theoretical capacity of installed fiber is very great (almost

infinite)

Better Security It is possible to tap fiber optical cable. But it is very difficult to do and the

additional loss caused by the tap is relatively easy to detect


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Optical Fiber Elements

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Core Carries the light signal (pure silica glass and

doped with germanium)

Cladding

Keeps light signal within core (Pure SilicaGlass)


Protects Optical Fiber From Abrasion andExternal Pressures (UV Cured Acrylate)


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Mengapa cahaya bisa bergerak sepanjang

serat optik?9

Karena ada fenomenaTotal

Internal Reflection (TIR)

TIR dimungkinkan dengan

membedakan indeks bias (n)


Dalam hal ini ncore > ncladding

Memanfaatkan hukum Snellius


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Remembering Snellius10

ncore > ncladding



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Critical angle

At the critical angle we know that equals 90 and sin90 = 1 and so



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for rays where 1 is less than a critical value then the ray willpropagate along the fiber and will be bound within the fiber

(Total Internal Reflection)

Jaringan Telekomunikasi12

where the angle 1 is greater than the critical value the ray isrefracted into the cladding and will ultimately be lost outside the

fiber


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Numerical Aperture (NA)13



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Light Modes14

Can be as few as one mode and as many as tens of

thousands of modes



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Fiber Transmission Windows (Bands)15



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Transmitter Light Sources16

Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Used for multimode: 850 nm or 1300 nm

Wide beam width fills multimode fibers

Wider spectrum (typically 50 nm)

Inexpensive

Cannot modulate as fast as lasers

VCSELsVertical Cavity Surface Emitting

Laser

Used for multimode at 850 and 1300 nm


Quite narrow spectrum

Narrow beam width (does not fill multimode fibers)

Much less expensive than FP or DFB lasers

Fabry-Perot (FP) and Distributed Feedback

(DFB) Lasers Used for singlemode: 1310 nm or 1550 nm

Narrow spectrum (can be less than 1 nm)

Narrow beam width (does not fill multimode fibers)

Highest power and fastest switchingMost expensive

(especially DFB)


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Salah satu cara untukmengidenifikasi konstruksi kabeloptik adalah dengan menggunakanperbandingan antara diameter coredan cladding. Sebagai contohadalah tipe kabel 62.5/125.Artinya diamater core 62,5 micron


dan diameter cladding 125 micron

Contoh lain tipe kabel:50/125,62.5/125 dan 8.3/125

Jumlah core di dalam satu kabelbisa antara 4 s.d. 144


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Klasifikasi Serat Optik18

Berdasarkan mode gelombang cahaya yang

berpropagasi pada serat optik

Multimode Fibre

Singlemode Fibre


Berdasarkan perubahan indeks bias bahan

Step index fibre

Gradded index fibre


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Tipe konstruksi FO

1. Loose Tube Cable

2. Tight buffered cable


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Jenis konektor Fober Optik

1. SMA konektor

.

3. ST Konektor

4. FC konektor


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Jenis Serat Optik

1. Single Mode

2. Multi Mode


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JARINGAN LOKAL AKSES FIBER

Jarlokaf adalah jaringan akses yang menggunakansecara bersama suatu antarmuka jaringan dan diimplementsikan menggunakan serat optik.

1. FTTC (Fiber To The Crub)

2. FTTB ( Fiber To The Building)

3. FTTH (Fiber To The Home)

4. FTTT (Fiber To The Tower)


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Arsitektur dan topologi FTTx


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PENYAMBUNGAN SERAT OPTIK

1. Peleburan (Fusion Splice )

Penyambungan dilakukandengan menyolder ujung-ujungkedua serat optik yang

disesuaikan posisinya.

2. Penyambungan Mekanis

Penyambungan mekanismenggunakan elemen biasa dan

teknik ini diterapkan dilapangan.


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PEMBAHASAN

1 Fiber To The Home (FTTH)

Fiber To The Home merupakan suatu formatpenghantaran isyarat optis dari pusat penyedia(Provider) ke kawasan pengguna dengan menggunakan


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ELEMEN JARINGAN FTTH

Documents

8. Sistem Komunikasi Fiber Optik