82°AB CQC

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBATOPD

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBATAgenda

1. OIF Lessons Learned2. Close Quarters Combat (CQC) Principles & Fundamentals3. Close Quarters Marksmanship (CQM) Definition and Overview4. Close Quarters Marksmanship (CQM) Training5. Advanced Training Techniques

OIF LESSONS LEARNED

1. Enemy strong-pointed in built-up, urban terrain. MOUT is a mission essential task. 2. Enemy during Phase III and Phase IV does not wear clearly identifiable uniforms. Civilian presence is probable.

- Target discrimination is essential.3. Engagements are often within 100 meters.4. Soldiers used non-standard firing positions during combat.5. Small unit tactics were key to success.6. Physical fitness and Marksmanship were a deciding factor in all direct contacts.7. Soldiers cross trained to the same standard enhanced unit effectiveness.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT

Definition:Close Quarters Combat (CQC) is a special technique to

systematically clear rooms or buildings utilizing overwhelming force, varying speeds and precision fires. CQC focuses on defeating the enemy while ensuring a low number of friendly casualties and minimal collateral damage.


General:- CQC engagements will be close and fast. - One of the most demanding and intense forms of combat.- The fundamentals of fire, maneuver, and security still apply.- Principles and fundamentals of CQC must be closely observed for it

to be successful.- The single most important thing we can do is train and rehearse.- CQC must be practiced over and over again IOT retain

skills/develop muscle memory.- Training must focus on flexibility and reaction to the unknown.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBATPrinciples

1. Element of Surprise

- Above everything else, is the key to the assault.- Gives the advantage of preparedness prior to room entry.- This enormously benefits the clearing team.- Startles and throws the enemy off guard.


2. Speed enables the clearing team to utilize the first few vital “surprise” seconds to their maximum potential.

- Will often give a measure of security.- A “careful hurry”, Do not try to go too fast.- Never move faster than you can accurately engage targets.- Move with a smooth, well thought out plan.- Fast, careless moves will get you killed


3. Violence of Action is sudden explosive force that eliminates threats with the least chance of compromise.

- Violence of action is the most effective principle. - With speed, it allows the team to keep their element of surprise.- This is the only principle that can be counted on. - Prevents opponents from making coordinated, planned reaction.- Mental condition or mind set.- Not limited to massive firepower.- Multipliers in achieving violence of action.

- Intimidation (use of bayonets, goggles, demolition, covered faces, TAC lights)

- Well rehearsed plans- Echelon of fires / suppression

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBATFundamentals

- Eliminate the threat through accurate fires.- Dominate the room, building, or hallway. - Control the situation/personnel.- Establish security

(1) Search the dead. (2) Search the room.

- Evacuate personnel.- Mark the cleared room - IAW unit SOPs.

CQC ROAD MAPADVANCED MOUT

TRAINING/TECHNIQUES(AMT)

-

- OFFENSIVE MOUT TTP- STANDARD ARMY AND SPECIAL OPERATIONS TTP

INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE- RANGES FROM UNRESTRICTED (HI-INTENSITY MOUT)

TO RESTRICTED (PRECISION MOUT)

INDIVIDUAL CLOSEQUARTERS SKILLS

CLOSE QUARTERSCOMBAT (CQC)MOUT BREACHING TRAINING AND SAFETY

- HIGHLY SKILLED USE OFPRIMARY INDIVIDUAL WPNS

- RANGES 0-25 M

- HANDS AND WEAPONS- USUALLY NON-LETHAL FORCE- DOMINATE/CONTROL

PERSONNEL AND SITUATIONS

- SHOTGUNS- GRENADES- PISTOLS- BAYONETS

- MOVEMENT AND FIGHTING POSITIONS- COVER/CONCEALMENT- USE OF OBSTACLES- CLIMBING/RAPPELLING

SECONDARY WEAPONS

URBAN MOVEMENTTECHNIQUES

CLOSE QUARTERSMARKSMANSHIP

(CQM)

COMBATIVES

- USE OF BOLTCUTTERS,SLEDGEHAMMERS, PRYBARS,SAWS, AXES, HOOLIGAN TOOLS, ETC.

- USE OF WEAPONS-PRIMARILYSHOTGUNS

- STANDARD OR SPECIALLOCKBUSTER ROUNDS

- STANDARD OR SPECIALLY DESIGNEDCHARGES

- STANDARD AND NON-STANDARDEXPLOSIVES

- REDUCED MSDs

EXPLOSIVE

MECHANICAL

BALLISTIC

- STANDARD ARMY AND SOFCOLLECTIVE TTP

- ENTER/CLEAR BUILDINGS/ROOMS- PRECISION MOUT ENVIRONMENT- SINGLE TEAM, MULTI-TEAM,

PLATOON OPERATIONS

- STANDARD ARMY URBAN TTP- INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE- OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE- HI-INTENSITY FOCUS/LARGER

SCALE- CO/BN/REGT OPERATIONS

- TRAIN THE TRAINER- TRAIN THE UNIT- TRAINING SAFETY TTP

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBATCQM

Definition:Close Quarters Marksmanship (CQM) is a specialized aspect

of military marksmanship developed to ensure accurate direct fires and confidence during Close Quarters Combat. CQM emphasizes proficiency in reflexive fire, target discrimination, stress shooting and night operations.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBATCQM Basics

General:

- Requires disciplined soldiers to ensure proficiency and safety.- Requires intense and constant training. - A level of proficiency on all necessary fundamentals is essential before CQC training.

**All CQM related training should begin with a review of the principles of safe weapon handling:

- The weapon is always loaded.- Never point the weapon at anything you do not intend to

destroy.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBATCQM Equipment

Weapon Set-up:

- Mount and secure day optic (CCO) with BIS- Mount and secure flashlights (i.e. Sure-Fire-Light, TAC Light,

visible or IR) on individual weapons. - Mount and secure IR lasers (i.e. AN/PAQ-4C, AN/PEQ-2A,

etc.)- M249s & M203s must be CQM ready- Other options – combat slings, “gangster grips”

Individual soldier gear:

- IBA- Ballistic eye protection- Elbow & knee pads


Weapon Configuration – M4


Weapon Configurations – M4

-

-



TAC LIGHTPEQ-2A

-

-



TAC LIGHT

TAC LIGHTOPTIC

PAC-4C

PAC-4C

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBATCQM Training:

- CQM training must include, but is not limited to the following:

1. Basic Rifle Marksmanship (BRM) - master the basics

2. Advanced Rifle Marksmanship (ARM) – gain marksmanship proficiency

3. CQM Dry Fires – accomplished with little or no resources, essential to developing and maintaining perishable skills, great “hip-pocket” training, should be the basis of CQM training.

4. CQM Firing Tables – familiarization, practice qualification, qualification / evaluation.

5. Target Discrimination Drills – modify with the amount of resources available.

Before you start any of these – TRAIN LEADERS FIRST

BASIC RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP (BRM)

- 4 Fundamentals of Marksmanship- Mechanical Training - Training Exercises- Training Aids

4 FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKSMANSHIP

- Steady Position- Aiming (sight picture, sight alignment)- Breath Control- Trigger Squeeze

MECHANICAL TRAINING

- Characteristics and Capabilities- Disassembly and Assembly- Operations and Functioning- Immediate Action Drill- Aided Vision Device Operation

TRAINING EXERCISES

- Dry-Firing- Shot Grouping Exercises- Dime-Washer Drills- Box Drills

TRAINING AIDS

- M15A1 Aiming Card- Target Box and Paddle- Weaponeer- LBS devise- Engagement Skills Trainer (EST)

ADVANCED RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP (ARM)

- Shooting Positions- Off-Hand Shooting- Weak-Hand Shooting- Barrier Shooting

SHOOTING POSITIONS

- Prone Supported - Prone Unsupported - Kneeling Unsupported - Kneeling Sling Supported- Sitting- Standing Supported- Standing Unsupported

WEAK-HAND SHOOTING

- Used when target can not be engaged in the shooters regular firing positions- Right handed shooter engages from left shoulder- Used to fire around barriers / obstacles

BARRIER SHOOTING

- High Wall- Low Wall- Window- Doorway- Vehicles

HIGH WALL

LOW WALL

WINDOW

DOORWAY

VEHICLES


Body Position and Stance:

- Feet are approximately shoulder width apart.- Toes are pointed straight to the front (direction of

movement). - Firing side foot is slightly staggered rear of the non-firing

foot. - Knees are slightly bent. - The upper body leans slightly forward. - Shoulders are not rolled or slouched. - The weapon’s butt stock in the pocket of the shoulder. - The elbows are kept in against the body. - The shooter maintains a comfortable boxer stance.


Carrying Techniques:

1. Low Carry- The butt stock is placed in the shoulder pocket. - The barrel is pointed down at the ground. - The head is always up to identify targets. - This technique is safest and is recommended for use.

2. High Carry- Butt stock is placed under the armpit.- Barrel slightly up with front post in peripheral vision.- Push the weapon forward with the pistol grip.- Pull it back into the shoulder pocket.- Assume firing position.

LOW CARRY

LOW CARRY

HIGH CARRY

HIGH CARRY`


Aim & Rate of Fire:

1. Slow-aim fire. - Most accurate technique. - Use the four fundamentals of marksmanship.- This technique is used mainly for distant engagements.

2. Rapid-aim fire (flash sight picture). - This technique features an imperfect sight picture- Windage is critical and elevation is of lesser importance.- Used from 0 - 25 meters and at a fast rate of fire.

3. Aimed quick kill. - This places the front sight post flush with the rear peep

sight. - This is used for quick shots from 0 - 11 meters. - Windage is important, but elevation is not so critical.


Target Discrimination:

1. Distinguishing between threat and non-threat.2. Must be stressed, regardless of the mission.3. Discipline of the soldiers is paramount. 4. Target discrimination training methods.

a. 2 different E-types with circles, one brown, one green.b. E-type with triangle, circle, square.c. 3 x 3” circles (top, middle, bottom)

5. It is essential that training focuses on instilling fire control. 6. Friendly units/personnel moving through objective areas

must not be mistaken as enemy.


Controlled Pair:

1. There is a natural arc of the front sight post after the round is fired and the recoil kicks in.

2. Let the barrel go with this arc and immediately bring the front sight post back on target.

3. Take a second shot after re-acquiring a sight picture. 4. Acquire a third sight picture.5. Continue to shoot until the enemy goes down.6. Do not fight the recoil.


Automatic Fire:

1. Effective in immediately achieving violence of action.2. Automatic fire is fired in controlled bursts only (3 round burst

for M4, 3-5 round burst for M249).3. The accuracy at less than 10 meters is nearly equal. 4. Same fundamentals are used in rapid-aim fire or aimed quick

kill.5. Aim point is slightly down and left to account for this action. 6. The weapon will rise during the engagement, let it. 7. Key to accuracy is to concentrate on not jerking the trigger.


Malfunctions:

1. Shooter takes a knee, informs team leader, conducts immediate action.

2. Once cleared, shooter informs team leader and follows command.

3. He will either pick shooter up or shooter will be told to get up. 4. The shooter does not stand up on his own. 5. Essential to incorporate into training and rehearsals.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBATDry Fire Training

- Paramount for CQM proficiency - Emphasizes fundamentals of firing- Promotes muscle memory- Frequency of dry firing is essential to establish muscle memory- Ensure leader supervision IOT emphasize correct firing

techniques- Little or no resources required

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBATReflexive Firing Training

Firing Tables:a. Table 2-A-1. Familiarization

Straight 21NoneControlled Pair

10m30ahead

21NoneControlled Pair

7m30Straight ahead

21NoneControlled Pair

4m30Straight ahead

21NoneSingle shot10m30Straight ahead



Hit Standard

Time Standard

MethodDistanceRounds Fired

Position


b. Table 2-A-2. Familiarization

21NoneControlled Pair7mBegin at 15m

30Run-stop-shoot

21NoneControlled Pair7m30Walk Laterally to Right

21NoneControlled Pair7m30Walk Laterally to Left

21NoneControlled Pair4mStart at 1m

30Walk-stop-turn

35NoneControlled Pair4mstart at 7m

50Walk and shoot

35NoneControlled Pair4mstart at 7m

50Walk and shoot

21NoneControlled Pair4m30Right turn/left

21NoneControlled Pair10m30Left turn/right

Hit StandardTime Standard

MethodDistanceRounds FiredPosition


c. Table 2-A-3. Practice Qualification

353 seconds from command “UP”

Controlled Pair10m50Walk-stop-turn


Controlled PairStart at 15m, shoot at 10m

30Run-stop-shoot


Controlled Pair7m30Straight Ahead


Controlled PairBegin at 7m, shoot at 4m

50Straight ahead walking


Controlled Pair4m50Straight ahead walking


Controlled Pair10m30Right turn


Controlled Pair7m30Left turn


Controlled Pair4m30Straight ahead




c. Table 2-C-1. Evaluation/Qualification

23 sec from cmd “UP”*



Controlled Pair7m2Walk Laterally to Right


Controlled Pair7m2Walk Laterally to Left


Controlled Pair7mBegin at 4m

2Walk-stop-turn



2Run-stop-shoot





Controlled Pair4m Begin at 7m



Controlled Pair10m2Right turn


Controlled Pair7m2Left turn






Resources/Materials:

1. E-type targets.a. 2”x4”x6’ boards for holding e-type silhouettes.b. E-type silhouettes.c. Nails and hammer.d. E-tool or d-handle shovel.e. Sandbags.

2. Plywood target hangers.a. ½”x 4’x8’ boards for holding targets.b. 4”x4”x6’ poles for holding plywood.c. E-type silhouettes.d. Sandbags.

3. White engineer tape4. Spray paint (multi colors)


Targets:

- 5’ Tall

- Legs 24” long

- E-type nailed or stapled

- Staple pie plates, bowling pin target, or painted circles.

- 5’ Tall. 8’ Wide

- Legs 36” long.

- E-type slides into the top boards into grooves in the bottom board.


1m4m

7m

10m

15m

20m

25m

Dry Fire Lanes

Live Fire Lanes

Rest Area

Ammo Area

30’ 5’

35’

18’

26’

25’

25’18’

22’

18’

15’

18’

15’

55’

72’

20’

29’

92’

67’9’

10’

15’

15’

10’

25’

55’

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBATCQC Training

DIRT BIRM

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBATAdvanced Training – stress shoot

7M

El PresidenteTask: Conduct stress shooting drill that replicates the conditions a Paratrooper will experience as he enters a room andencounters multiple enemy targets. Particular emphasis on marksmanship (withand w/o P-mask), equipment ergonomics, mag changes, and expedient and accurate transition firing.Condition: Given 7-10m range, 3 x FBItargets, 2 x 6-rd mags, M-4, K-Pot, LCE, P-mask, under-gun light and NODS.Standard: Scored by total number of hits in the 5-zonedivided by time. Final standardsTBD after base-line established

1) Paratrooper starts facing away from targets, with 1 x 6rd mag locked and loaded. On command of start he turns and fires 2 x rds into each target.2) After 6th rd he takes a knee and changes his mag.3) Shooter then fires 2 x rds into eachtarget going the opposite direction.4) Time stops after final rd fired. *5) Paratrooper repeats with mask on.*6) Paratrooper repeats with NODS and or under-gun light

(**As an option, shooter can run 100m to start position. This should only be done after shooter has mastered basic drill.)

2

3 4

1

5

1 2 3 4 5 6

6

Note: This is the set-up at Range25 on Fort Lewis, these are allcommon range structures but will probably be arrayed differntlyon each installation. The bottomline is that the range should have structures to climb up and downfrom to replicate urban firing positionsand the dynamics of urban movement.

Urban Assault DrillTask: Conduct stress shooting that replicates the conditions a Paratrooper will experience during urban combat. Particularemphasis on marksmanship, mag changes, equipment ergonomics, use of non-standardfiring positions, and physical conditioning.Condition: Given 100m range and obstaclesthat replicate urban structures and that willstress the Paratrooper both aerobically and anerobically. Also 6 x 10 rd magazines, 6xFBItgt’s, M-4 with sights, helmut, LCE.Standard: Scored by total number of hits in 5-zone divided by time. Final standardsTBD after base-line established

30M

40M


1) Timer starts at #1, individual has 1 x 10 rd mag locked andloaded. On Command of start he moves 10 ft to line and fires 100m using prone unsupported position. After all rds fired he gets up and moves to #2.2) Shooter fires 10 x rds from behind the tree, he may use anypart of the tree to steady his weapon. Shooter moves to #3.3) Shooter climbs ladder and moves to top of roof, ensures minimal portions of body is exposed to enemy, fires 10 x rds attgt. Climbs back down and moves to #4.4) Shooter climbs up and fires from inside tower, 10 x rds.Climbs back down and moves to #5.5) Shooter positions himself with minimal exposure to enemyand fires from behind the barrier, 10 x rds, then moves to #6.6) Shooter climbs onto roof,and positions himself with minimalexposure to enemy. He fires 10 x rds,and climbs back down, clock stops when feet hit the ground.

AB

C

(1) Prone50m

(2) Weak-side Kneeling.

(4) Strong-sideKneeling.

(6)

(7) (9)

(25m)

(7m)

1) Time starts from pos #1, shooter engages tgt’s A,B,C, from the prone, 2 x rds per tgt.2-5) Shooter moves to barrier #1 and engages tgt’sA,B,C, from positions 2,3,4,5, 2 x rds per tgt. Shooterchanges mags behind barrier.6) Shooter moves from barrier #1 shooting as he movesat tgt’s A,B,C, 2 x rds per tgt.7) At barrier #2 shooter stops changes mags behind cover.8) Shooter moves from barrier #2 to barrier #3 shooting as he moves at tgt’s A,B,C, 2 x rds per tgt. 9) At barrier #3 shooter stops changes mags behind cover.10) Shooter moves from barrier #3 to barrier #2 shooting as he moves at tgt’s A,B,C, 2 x rds per tgt. Time stops when the Ranger returns behind cover.**Conduct w/P-mask, and at night using NODS.

(Barrier #1)

(Barrier #3)(Barrier #2)

Shoot and Move DrillTask: Conduct stress shooting drill that replicates the conditions a Paratrooper will experience as he moves from Cover to cover andengages multiple enemy targets while moving. Particular emphasis on shooting while moving (movingforward and laterally), equipment ergonomics, mag changes, and expedient and accurate transition firing.Condition: Given 50m range, 3 x FBItargets, 1 x 30rd mag, 3 x 6 rd mags, M-4, P-mask,K-Pot, LCE, under-gun light and NODS.

Standard: Scored by totalnumber of points per hit divided by time. Final standards TBD afterbase-line established

(20M between Barriers)


(10)

(8)

(5) Standing

(3) Prone

(1)(3) (5) (7) Prone 400m

(2) Standing 100m

(4) Kneeling 200m

(6) Prone 300m

KD INTERVAL FIRE:TASK: Conduct stress shooting that replicates theconditions a Paratrooper will experience during urban or rural combat. Particular emphasis on positionshooting and medium and long-distance marksmanship.Because most Paratrooper combat will be offensive vsdefensive, this drill incorporates interval sprints (1400m)to increase stress on the shooter and to replicate the physical demands of offensive combat. Condition: Given KD range, 1 x FBI per shooter,4 x 10 rd magazines, M-4 with sights, helmut, LCE.Standard: Scored by total number of points per hiton the target divided by time. Final standardsTBD after base-line established.

1-3) Time starts with shooter at position #1, with 10xrdmag locked and loaded. On cmd of start shooter runs to position #2 and fires 10 x rds from standing position. Upon completion he runs back to position #3 and picksup another 10 rd mag and runs to position #4.4-5) At position #4 shooter fires 10 x rds from kneelingunsupported position. Upon completion he runs back toposition #5 and picks up another 10 rd mag and runs toposition #6.6-7) At position #6 shooter fires 10 x rds from proneunsupported position. Upon completion he runs back toposition #7 and picks up another 10 rd mag and fires using prone unsupported from that position. Time stops after 10th rd is fired.


SP-----SP

4b

110 M

100 M

55 M

50 M

30 M

25 M

80 M

75 M

GRIZ IMT DRILL:TASK: Conduct stress shooting that replicates theconditions a Paratrooper will experience during urban or rural combat. Particular emphasis on shootingwhile conducting proper individual movement techniques.Also mag changes while behind low cover,equipment ergonomics, and physical conditioning.Condition: Given 110m range or KD range, 1 x FBIper man, 4 x 5 rd magazines, M-4 with sights, helmut, LCE, and NODS. Standard: Shooter must perform proper IMT, and use the off-set cover to base his movement on. Scored bytotal number of points from hits on the target,divided by time. Final standards TBD after base-line established.

Low-Crawl

High-Crawl

Low-Crawl

1) Paratrooper starts with 1 x 5rd mag locked and loaded. On command of start he sprints to position #1 dives behind cover and fires 5 x rds at target. Shooter changes mag behind cover and sprints to position 2A.2A-2B) Shooter low-crawls from 2A to 2B and fires 5 x rds at target, shooter changes mag behind cover and sprints to position 3A.3A-3B) Shooter high-crawls from 3A to 3B and fires 5 x rds at target, shooter changes mag behind cover and sprints to position 4A.4A-4B) Shooter low-crawls from 4A to 4B and fires 5 x rds at target. Clock stops after last round is fired.**Shooter repeats at night using NODS.

3b

4a

2a

2b

3a

1



References:

1. FM 90-10-1, C12. Ranger Training Circular 350-1-2 AMT3. Fort Bragg Regulation 350-14. 1 AD GUNSOP


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82°AB CQC