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9.1 Jacksonian Democracy 9.1 Jacksonian Democracy Vocabulary 1. Jacksonian Democracy – The support for an increase in voting rights by lowering property requirements, abolishing the National Bank, and encouraging westward expansion.

9.1 Jacksonian Democracy Vocabulary 1. 1. Jacksonian Democracy – The support for an increase in voting rights by lowering property requirements, abolishing

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Page 1: 9.1 Jacksonian Democracy Vocabulary 1. 1. Jacksonian Democracy – The support for an increase in voting rights by lowering property requirements, abolishing

9.1 Jacksonian Democracy9.1 Jacksonian DemocracyVocabulary

1. Jacksonian Democracy – The support for an increase in voting rights by lowering property requirements, abolishing the National Bank, and encouraging westward expansion.

Page 2: 9.1 Jacksonian Democracy Vocabulary 1. 1. Jacksonian Democracy – The support for an increase in voting rights by lowering property requirements, abolishing

2. nominating conventions – meetings where a political party selects its Presidential and V.P. candidates.

3. Democratic Party – a political party formed by supporters of A. Jackson after the election of 1824

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4. John C. Calhoun – Politician and supporter of slavery, A. Jackson’s VP, instrumental in the SC “Nullification Crisis”

5. Spoils system – (patronage) the practice of giving government jobs to supporters

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6. Martin Van Buren – Sec. of State under A. Jackson, 8th President

7. Kitchen Cabinet – Pres. A. Jackson’s group of informal advisers, often met in the White House kitchen

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9.2 Jackson’s Administration9.2 Jackson’s AdministrationVocab:

1.Tariff of Abominations – a tax on imports to protect northern manufacturers, the nickname was given by southerners who oppose it.

2. state’s rights doctrine –belief that states power should be greater than power of federal govt.

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3. nullification crisis – a dispute led by John C. Calhoun that said states could ignore federal laws if they believed those laws violated the Constitution4. Daniel Webster – An American lawyer and statesmen, he spoke out against nullification and state’s rights, believing that the country should stay unified

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5. McCulloch v. Maryland – the Supreme Court case that declared the Second bank of the U.S. was constitutional and that Maryland could not interfere with it6. Whig Party – a political

party formed in 1834 by opponents of A. Jackson and who supported a strong legislature

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9.3 Indian Removal9.3 Indian RemovalVocabVocab

1. Indian Removal Act – a law authorizing the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River.

2. Indian Territory – Most of present day Oklahoma, an area to which most Native Americans in the southeast were forced to move to in the 1830’s.

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3. 3. Bureau of Indian AffairsBureau of Indian Affairs – a – a government agency created in the government agency created in the 1800’s to oversee federal policy 1800’s to oversee federal policy toward Native Americanstoward Native Americans

4. Sequoya – A Cherokee Indian, he created the Cherokee writing system for the Cherokee language

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5. Worcester v. Georgia – The Supreme Court ruling that said the Cherokee Nation was a distinct territory over which only the federal government had authority – ignored by A. Jackson and state of GA.

6. Trail of Tears – an 800 mile forced march made by the Cherokee from their homeland in GA to Indian Territory; ¼ of the Cherokee people died along the way.

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7. Black Hawk – Leader of the Fox and Sauk Indians, he resisted the U.S. ordered removal of Indian nations from IL and raided settlements and fought against U.S. army

8. Osceola – FL Seminole leader, he resisted removal by the U.S. Gov’t despite an earlier treaty that Seminole leaders had been forced to sign.

Black Black HawkHawk

Osceola

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Ch. 9 – The Age of Ch. 9 – The Age of JacksonJackson

1828-18401828-1840

►8.4 – Students will analyze the 8.4 – Students will analyze the aspirations of and ideas of the people aspirations of and ideas of the people of the new nationof the new nation►8.8 – Students will analyze the 8.8 – Students will analyze the divergent paths of the American people divergent paths of the American people in the west from 1800 to the mid in the west from 1800 to the mid 1800’s and the challenges they faced1800’s and the challenges they faced►8.10 – Students will analyze the 8.10 – Students will analyze the multiple causes, key events, and multiple causes, key events, and complex consequences of the Civil Warcomplex consequences of the Civil War

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9.1 Jacksonian Democracy9.1 Jacksonian Democracy Expansion of DemocracyExpansion of Democracy• Many Americans began to feel left behind by the gov. and the economy

•These people rallied behind Jackson believed he would defend the rights of the common man and slave states

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Election of 1828Election of 1828•Rematch of 1824 Election

•John Q. Adams – National Republicans

•A. Jackson - Democrats•Nasty election personal attacks

•Jackson wins rewards his supporters with govt. jobs “spoils system”•“to the victor go the spoils”

Vs.

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9.2 Jackson’s Administration9.2 Jackson’s AdministrationSectional Differences IncreaseSectional Differences Increase

•Regional differences play a major roll in Jackson’s Presidency

1.The North

• Economy – trade & mfg.

• Supported tariffs so American goods could be sold at lower prices than British goods

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2. The South

•Econ. based on agriculture

•Opposed tariffs, which increased the cost of imported goods

3. The West

• Emerging economy – farming and continued settlement

•Supported internal improvement and the sale of public land

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•The “Tariff of Abominations” was a high tax on imports. •Northerners needed it to

protect their industries

•Southerners hated it

•Previously, they bought cheap goods from G.B., but because of the tariff raising the price of goods from G.B., they were forced to buy similar American made goods at a higher price.

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►Pre-tariff:Pre-tariff: G.B. exported rocking chairs to U.S. – sells G.B. exported rocking chairs to U.S. – sells

them for $25 eachthem for $25 each U.S. manufactures make same rocking U.S. manufactures make same rocking

chairs, but are less efficient and must sell chairs, but are less efficient and must sell them at $28 each to make a profitthem at $28 each to make a profit

Your on a tight budget and need a new Your on a tight budget and need a new rocking chair, which one do you buy? rocking chair, which one do you buy? (quality is similar)(quality is similar)

►Post-tariff:Post-tariff: G.B. exports rocking chair, sells for $25 + G.B. exports rocking chair, sells for $25 +

$5 tax on each chair = $30$5 tax on each chair = $30 U.S. still manufacturing and selling chairs U.S. still manufacturing and selling chairs

for $28for $28 Which one do you buy? Which one do you buy? Why are you unhappy about this tax?Why are you unhappy about this tax?

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The States Rights DebateThe States Rights Debate►1828 – Congress passes the Tariff of 1828 – Congress passes the Tariff of

Abominations Abominations South is angry! South is angry!►The issue arises - who has more The issue arises - who has more

power?power? State Governments?State Governments?

►OROR

Federal Government?Federal Government?

Vs.

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Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis

States RightsStates Rights

•S. hates tariffs

•States Rights – belief that state power is greater than Fed. Govt.

•Believed in “nullificatation” – the right to void federal laws they disagree with

•John C. Calhoun – major supporter, resigns as V.P.

Federal AuthorityFederal Authority

•Daniel Webster promoted national unity over state’s rights

•Pres. Jackson opposed idea of nullification

•Actions:

•Jackson wanted to send troops to SC to enforce tariffs

•Congress and SC compromise to lower tariffs

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•Neither side changed it’s belief about Neither side changed it’s belief about state’s rights and would argue about the state’s rights and would argue about the

issue until the end of the Civil Warissue until the end of the Civil War

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Jackson Attacks the BankJackson Attacks the Bank

►Many southern states opposed the National Many southern states opposed the National BankBank

►Maryland passed a tax to limit the operations Maryland passed a tax to limit the operations of the Bank’s MD branchof the Bank’s MD branch

► The U.S. Supreme Court ruled the bank was The U.S. Supreme Court ruled the bank was indeed constitutional indeed constitutional McCulloch v. Maryland McCulloch v. Maryland

► Jackson vetoed the renewal of the banks Jackson vetoed the renewal of the banks charter in 1832charter in 1832 The weakened banks power helped The weakened banks power helped

western expansion, but also increased western expansion, but also increased inflation which hurt the economyinflation which hurt the economy

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Panic of 1837Panic of 1837► 1834 – Whig party is formed to oppose 1834 – Whig party is formed to oppose

JacksonJackson favored a weak Pres and strong favored a weak Pres and strong CongressCongress

► 1836 – Dems. nominate V.P. Martin Van 1836 – Dems. nominate V.P. Martin Van Buren for President Buren for President Wins with backing of JacksonWins with backing of Jackson

► After he took office, After he took office, country experiences country experiences huge economic depressionhuge economic depression – why? – why? Jackson’s banking policies and inability to Jackson’s banking policies and inability to

control inflationcontrol inflation (vetoed Nat’l. Bank renewal) (vetoed Nat’l. Bank renewal) Van Buren blamedVan Buren blamed

► 1840 Whig candidate William Henry Harrison 1840 Whig candidate William Henry Harrison wins presidential electionwins presidential election

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9.3 Indian Removal9.3 Indian RemovalIndian Removal ActIndian Removal Act

►Jackson and other politicians wanted to open the area between GA and MS to settlement by American farmers 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal

Act to relocate Indians to West of the Mississippi River

Many were moved to “Indian Territory” – present day Oklahoma

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Supporters convinced themselves that it Supporters convinced themselves that it was unfair for Indians to feel constant was unfair for Indians to feel constant pressure from settlerspressure from settlers

Created the Bureau of Indian Affairs to Created the Bureau of Indian Affairs to manage the removalmanage the removal

►The Choctaw, Creek, and Chickasaw The Choctaw, Creek, and Chickasaw were the first to be moved – thousands were the first to be moved – thousands died during the forced march to OKdied during the forced march to OK

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Cherokee ResistanceCherokee Resistance

► Believed they could Believed they could avoid conflicts/removal avoid conflicts/removal by adopting white by adopting white cultureculture Writing systemWriting system American form of Gov.American form of Gov.

► Once gold was found Once gold was found on their land, the on their land, the changes didn’t matterchanges didn’t matter

► Cherokee sued GA Cherokee sued GA claiming they were an claiming they were an independent nation.independent nation.

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►Worcester v. GeorgiaWorcester v. Georgia – U.S. Supreme Court – U.S. Supreme Court ruled the Cherokee was a distinct community ruled the Cherokee was a distinct community and GA had no authority over them – only the and GA had no authority over them – only the Federal Gov. didFederal Gov. did

►GA ignored the ruling and Jackson violated GA ignored the ruling and Jackson violated his presidential oath by not enforcing ithis presidential oath by not enforcing it

► 1838 - Trail of Tears – the Cherokee were 1838 - Trail of Tears – the Cherokee were forced to march 800 mi. to OK forced to march 800 mi. to OK ¼ died ¼ died along the wayalong the way No blankets, little food, Bureau of Indian Affairs No blankets, little food, Bureau of Indian Affairs

failed to care for them. failed to care for them.

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Others Resist

►The Fox & Sauk decided to fight, but by 1850 had been forced to leave Illinois

►The Seminoles fought removal in FL – led to the 2nd Seminole War Some were removed Others avoided it by fleeing into the

swamps and still live there