BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE—EPIDEMIOLOGY/BIOSTATISTICS (p. 57) T-TESTS VS. ANOVA VS. χ2

“Chi for Categorical variables.” BIOCHEMISTRY (p. 68) OROTIC ACIDURIA

“Med students are not orotic (erotic) enough for dancers to be on-ya (-onia) = no increase in ammonia in Orotic Aciduria (vs. OTC deficiency)”

(p. 72) RNA PROCESSING (EUKARYOTES) “GPS gets RNA out of the nucleus (order of RNA processing):

1. Guanosine cap added 2. Polyadenylation 3. Splicing of introns”

(p. 79) COLLAGEN, Type III (Reticulin) “Type III: Three-ticulin (Reticulin)” (p. 80) EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME “Three-lers Danlos Syndrome (Type III collagen most frequently affected)” (p. 80) ALPORT’S SYNDROME “Al-four-t’s Syndrome (Type IV collagen abnormal)” (p. 81) BLOTTING PROCEDURES, Southern blot “Ducks fly South for the winter (DNA visualized by Southern blot)” (p. 86) AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT DISEASES, Tuberous sclerosis

“CRASH-leaf SpotS = Cardiac Rhabdomyomas, Angiomyolipomas, Sebaceous adenoma, Hamartomas in CNS, Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, Shagreen patches & ash-leaf spots”

(p. 100) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION, Oxidative

phosphorylation poisons “Barb wrote 3 Awesome Cards 4 Ollie to Synd (send)— Complex 1: Amobarbital, Rotenone Complex 3: Antimycin A Complex 4: CO, CN ATP Synthase: Oligomycin” (p. 111) LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES, Tay-Sachs disease “Tay-Sacks lacks hepatosplenomegaly (vs. Niemann-Pick)” (p. 111) LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES, Hunter’s syndrome

“Hunters see clearly (no corneal clouding) and aim for the X (X-linked recessive) and they are aggressive.” [added ‘and they are aggressive’]

EMBRYOLOGY (p. 134) GENITAL EMBRYOLOGY, Mesonephric (wolffian duct) “Men are wolves (wolffian duct).” MICROBIOLOGY (p. 141) UREASE-POSITIVE BUGS “PHUKS = Proteus, H. pylori, Ureaplasma, Klebsiella, S. aureus” (p. 151) LACTOSE-FERMENTING ENTERIC BACTERIA

“Fermenting lactose slowly can be COStly (Citrobacter, Others, Serratia) fast is KEE (Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter).”

(p. 162) MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PROTOZOA—SINGLE-CELLED ORGANISMS, Leishmania

donovani “Macrophage maniac”

(p. 163) MEDICALLY IMPORTANT HELMINTHS, Loa loa “Loa and behold! Worms in my eyes!” (p. 163) MEDICALLY IMPORTANT HELMINTHS, Wuchereria bancrofti

“Watch your area (Wuchereria)! It’s getting bigger (elephantiasis)!” (p. 164) NEMATODE ROUTES OF INFECTION

“Hooks can Thread through Schin (skin) = Hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus), Threadworms (Strongyloides), & Schistosomes have cutaneous routes of infection.”

(p. 164) PARASITE HINTS “Eosinophilia is caused by FASSTT Parasites: Fascioiasis Ascariasis Schistosomiasis Strongyloides Trichinosis Toxocara canis Paragonimiasis” (p. 170) NEGATIVE-STRANDED VIRUSES

Change “Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication” to “HE (Helical, Enveloped) Always Brings Polymerase Or Fails Replication”

(p. 170) PICORNAVIRUS

Change “PERCH on a “peak” (pico)” to “PERCH on a positive “peak” (positive sense ssRNA, picovirus)”

(p. 174) HIV (side) “gpForty-one = Fusion protein, blocked by enFuvirtide” (p. 174) HIV (bottom) “Mutant Homozygotes Can’t Contract Retrovirus (CCR5)” (p. 175) HIV-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS AND CD4 COUNT, < 400 “No rush to reactivate VZV or TB when < 400” (p. 175) HIV-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS AND CD4 COUNT, < 100 “Toxo and Histo at the Hundo (100)” IMMUNOLOGY (p. 200) DIFFERENTIATION OF T CELLS

“ThI: specific for Intracellular microbes, activated by Il-I2, secretes IFN-gamma to activate more ThI cells, Inhibited by Il-I0”

(p. 206) COMPLEMENT

“C4 is used to blow up bad guys in “movie classics” (dec. C4 in classical pathway activation).”

(p. 206) INTERFERON MECHANISM “Gamma goads APCS into upregulating MHC.” PHARMACOLOGY (p. 236) SYMPATHOMIMETICS, NE “Not Everyone can be a Beta too (NE stimulates all adrenergics but β2)” CARDIOVASCULAR (p. 265) ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, Mönckeberg “Mönckeberg Medial calfication” ENDOCRINE (p. 293) HYPOTHYROIDISM, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

“Hürthle cells = Hashimoto’s” (p. 293) THYROID CANCER, Papillary carcinoma

“Orphan Annie with her Pappy (Papillary carcinoma) & her mama (psammoma bodies)”

(p. 297) MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA “3 P’s, PAT, and TAG: MEN1 = Pancreas, Pituitary, Parathyroid MEN2A = Parathyroid, Adrenal, Thyroid MEN2B = Thyroid, Adrenal, Ganglioneuromatosis”

and “Wermer & Sipple were not MEaNt 2B” GASTROINTESTINAL (p. 320) INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD)

Where it says “For Crohn’s, think of a…”, add “toward the mural (transmural)” to the end. Should read: “For Crohn’s, think of a fat granny and an old crone skipping down a cobblestone road away from the wreck (rectal sparing) and toward the mural (transmural).”

(p. 324) MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF CRC

“To progress to retirement, you need your AARP card: APC, Ras, P53 (in order of succession)”

(p. 325) ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

“Getting wASTed with Mallory gives you alcoholic hepatitis” (I think “wASTed" sounds better than “toASTed")

(p. 327) HEREDITARY HYPERBILIRUBINEMIAS, Dubin-Johnson syndrome

“I doubt Johnson and Rotor exported the dark (liver) rubies they conned (conjugated bilirubinemia).”

HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY (p. 339) CONVERGENCE OF COAGULATION, COMPLEMENT, AND KININ PATHWAYS “Extrinsic pathway is exclusive, involving only one factor (VII). Intrinsic pathway is inclusive, involving multiple factors (XII, XI, IX and VIII).” (p. 343) OTHER RBC PATHOLOGIES, Howell-Jolly bodies “Howell wasn’t jolly when he lost his spleen.” (p. 354) LEUKEMIAS, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL)

Add to “Comments”: “ALL is a TALL order: Tdt positive, T(Twelve; Twenty-one) associated with better prognosis, affects Tiny people, Testicular and Telencephalic (CNS) metastases, Two-Thirds cured with Treatment”

(p. 357) HEPARIN VS. WARFARIN

Add to “Monitoring”: “T is inside (intrinsic to) PTT, whereas it is outside (extrinsic to) PT”

MUSCULOSKELETAL AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE (p. 366) UNHAPPY TRIAD/KNEE INJURY

“To see how the ACL and PCL overlap, cross your fingers. R. middle finger should go over R. index finger (R. ACL courses lateral-to-medial anterior to R. PCL)”

(p. 371) ERB-DUCHENNE PALSY (“WAITER’S TIP”)

“Erber (upper) trunk lesion” (p. 371) KLUMPKE’S PALSY AND THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME “KLumpke = Lower trunk” (p. 381) SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS “Stoned on Lupus: anti-histone antibodies” (p. 383) SCLERODERMA (PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS—PSS), CREST syndrome “Associated with antiCRESTromere.” (p. 384) SKIN DISORDERS, Pemphigus vulgaris “Mouth ulcers (unlike Bullous pemphigoid) for vulgar mouths.” (p. 384) SKIN DISORDERS, Pigmentation disorders You might consider adding this table I made:

Melanin Melanocytes Solar Lentigo -- ↑↑

Ephelis ↑↑ -- Vitiligo -- ↓↓

Albinism ↓↓ -- NEUROLOGY (p. 399) BRAIN LESIONS, Paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) “eyes PPaRt from the PPRF” (p. 405) LUMBAR PUNCTURE “Slide the LP Into the Epidural space but Don’t Stab Against the Softer Pia =

1. Skin/superficial fascia 2. Ligaments 3. Interlaminar space 4. Epidural space 5. Dura mater 6. Subdural space 7. Arachnoid 8. Subarachnoid space 9. Pia mater”

(p. 415) FACIAL LESIONS, Bell’s Palsy “Bilateral Bell’s = Borellia Burgdorferi” (p. 425) PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS, Pilocytic (low-grade) astrocytoma “hairlike = pilocytic” (p. 429) EPILEPSY DRUG TOXICITIES, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

“Cause Epidermal Loss = Carbamazepine, Ethosuxamide, Lamotrigine” (p. 433) ALZHEIMER’S DRUGS, Memantine “My man! Time to block NMDAR!” PSYCHIATRY (p. 451) ANTIPSYCHOTICS (NEUROLEPTICS) “High potency antipsychotics: It’s high time Haley tried the flu vaccine.” (p. 453) ATYPICAL ANTIDEPRESSANTS, Mirtazapine “Mirtα2apine = α2-antagonist” RENAL (p. 457) FLUID COMPARTMENTS “HeINEKIN beer: HIgh Na Extracellular, K INtracellular” (p. 466) NEPHRITIC SYNDROME

“Nephritic syndrome is caused by Really BAD Strep = Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, Berger’s disease, Alport’s syndrome, Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, Post-Streptococcal glomerulonephritis”

(p. 466) NEPHRITIC SYNDROME, Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis “wire lupusing (‘wire looping’) of capillaries” (p. 467) NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

“BAD FaRMMs typically FAIL (glomerular diseases that typically lead to renal failure): Berger’s disease Alport’s syndrome Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis Focal segmental glomerulonephritis Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Membranous glomerulonephritis Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis”

(p. 467) NEPHROTIC SYNDROME, Membranous glomerulonephritis

“Membranous like a DISC: caused by Drugs (captopril, gold), Infections (HBV, malaria, syphilis), SLE, Carcinomas (solid)”

(p. 467) NEPHROTIC SYNDROME, Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis “Membranes proliferate like ‘tram-tracks.’” (p. 473) FUROSEMIDE

“Bartering makes me furious! = Barrter’s syndrome is analogous to furosemide treatment”

contrast to: “It’s a Liddle too much like aldosterone = Liddle’s syndrome is too much like

elevated levels of aldosterone (pseudoaldosteronism)” contrast to: “Git those thiaz (thighs) out of my eyes! = Gitelman’s syndrome is analogous to

thiazide treatment” REPRODUCTIVE (p. 485) HYDATIDIFORM MOLE (table) Add “Complete set of chromosomes (46,XX; 46,XY)” to Karyotype row (p. 494) TESTICULAR GERM CELL TUMORS, Teratoma “Mature teratomas are only Malignant in Men” (p. 497) TAMSULOSIN, add ‘TERAZOSIN’ [should read, Tamsulosin, Terazosin] “Terazosin tears up smooth muscles” RESPIRATORY (p. 510) LUNG—PHYSICAL FINDINGS (chart)

Add to chart: “Spontaneous pneumothorax – dec. breath sounds – hyperresonant – absent fremitus – ipsilateral tracheal deviation”

and “Spontaneous pneumothorax = Same Side tracheal deviation”