RESEARCH ABSTRACTS 819 FILMS INSTRUCTIONAL FILM RESEARCH PROGRAM. "A Bibliogra- phy of Production, Utilization, and Research on Instructional Film~" Technical Report SDC-~69-7-40. Pennsylvania State University, November 1953. (Copies may be purchased from Department of Commerce, O~we of Technical Services, Washington, D. C.) Pw'poss: To provide a comprehensive list of references relating to pro- duetion, utilization, and research on instructional films up to the early part of 1952 in the hope that it will be useful to professional people in the mass communication field, to research workers, and to students. Procedure and Results: This bibliography alphabetically lists approTimate- ly 1950 references, including some studies in areas which are indirectly re- lated to instructional films, such as, radio, music, learning theory, research methods. While its usefulness is somewhat limited by the alphabetical listing (the authors state that they hope to publish a subject-matter cross-reference list) it should prove highly useful to workers in the instructional film flelcL-- Edm~nd Faiso~ McTAVISH, C. L. Effect of Repetitive Film Showings on I,earning. Technical Repo~ SDC-~69-7-I~. SpeviaI Devices Center under contract with the Instructional Film Research Program at Pennsyl- vania State College, November 1949. Purpose: To determine the increment in learning that may be attributed to rspetition~ of an educational film. Procedure: Four groups of college freshmen (319 students) in a science survey class were each shown four general science films. Each group saw one of the films once; a second film, twice; a third, three times; and a fourth, four times. A film was shown the required number of times in one class period and the test on that film was given at the next period. Results: "In every case the difference between the pre-test and post- test scores was highly significant, indicating that every group learned from each film. Analysis of the learning gains attributable to each additional show- ing of the films indicated that the first repetition (i.e. two showings) resulted in substantial increments in learning. Three showings failed to add materially or significantly to the learning effected by two showings. Four showings resulted in an even smaller increment, or in two cases a slight decrement, over three showings."--Edmund Faison. ASH, P. and JASPEN, N. Optimum Physical Viewing Conditions for a Rear Projection Daylight Screen. Technical Report-SDC-~,69- 7-$7. Special Devices Center under contract with the Instructional Film Research Program at Pennsylvania State College, October 1953. Purpose: To study the effects on learning of (1) viewing angle, (2) distance from the screen, and (3) room illumination as these apply to the use of the rear-projection, cabinet type, 16ram movie projector.

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RESEARCH ABSTRACTS 819

FILMS

INSTRUCTIONAL FILM RESEARCH PROGRAM. "A Bibliogra- phy of Production, Utilization, and Research on Instruct ional Film~" Technical Report SDC-~69-7-40. Pennsylvania State University, November 1953. (Copies may be purchased from Department of Commerce, O~we of Technical Services, Washington, D. C.)

Pw'poss: To provide a comprehensive list of references relat ing to pro- duetion, utilization, and research on instructional films up to the early pa r t of 1952 in the hope tha t i t will be useful to professional people in the mass communication field, to research workers, and to students.

Procedure and Results: This bibliography alphabetically lists approTimate- ly 1950 references, including some studies in areas which are indirectly re- lated to instructional films, such as, radio, music, learning theory, research methods. While its usefulness is somewhat limited by the alphabetical l isting (the authors state that they hope to publish a subject-matter cross-reference list) it should prove highly useful to workers in the instructional film flelcL-- Edm~nd Faiso~

McTAVISH, C. L. Effect of Repetit ive Film Showings on I,earning. Technical Repo~ SDC-~69-7-I~. SpeviaI Devices Center under contract with the Instructional Film Research Program at Pennsyl- vania State College, November 1949.

Purpose: To determine the increment in learning that may be at t r ibuted to rspetition~ of an educational film.

Procedure: Four groups of college freshmen (319 students) in a science survey class were each shown four general science films. Each group saw one of the films once; a second film, twice; a third, three times; and a fourth, four times. A film was shown the required number of times in one class period and the test on that film was given at the next period.

Results: "In every case the difference between the pre-test and post- test scores was highly significant, indicating that every group learned from each film. Analysis of the learning gains at t r ibutable to each additional show- ing of the films indicated tha t the first repetition (i.e. two showings) resulted in substantial increments in learning. Three showings failed to add materially or significantly to the learning effected by two showings. Four showings resulted in an even smaller increment, or in two cases a slight decrement, over three showings."--Edmund Faison.

ASH, P. and JASPEN, N. Optimum Physical Viewing Conditions for a Rear Projection Daylight Screen. Technical Report-SDC-~,69- 7-$7. Special Devices Center under contract with the Instructional Film Research Program at Pennsylvania State College, October 1953.

Purpose: To study the effects on learn ing of (1) viewing angle, (2) distance from the screen, and (3) room il lumination as these apply to the use of the rear-projection, cabinet type, 16ram movie projector.