A few important concepts about punctuation

Most information from Rude, Carolyn. Technical Editing, 4th ed.

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Key Terms

• Clause

• Independent clause

• Dependent clause

Key Terms

• Clause: a group of words containing the subject and the predicate

• Independent clause

• Dependent clause

Key Terms

• Clause: a group of words containing the subject and the predicate

• Independent clause: includes subject and predicate and can stand aloneThe teacher wanted to have class outside.

• Dependent clause

Key Terms

• Clause: a group of words containing the subject and the predicate

• Independent clause: includes subject and predicate and can stand alone

• Dependent clause: contains subject and predicate, but cannot stand aloneAlthough the teacher wanted to have class outside, …

Key Terms

• Conjunction

• Coordinating conjunction

• Subordinating conjunction

Key Terms

• Conjunction: joins clauses.

• Coordinating conjunction

• Subordinating conjunction

Key Terms

• Conjunction: joins clauses.

• Coordinating conjunction: joins clauses or sentence elements of equal grammatical valueFANBOYS

• Subordinating conjunction

Key Terms

• Conjunction: joins clauses.

• Coordinating conjunction: joins independent clauses or sentence elements of equal grammatical value

• Subordinating conjunction: joins a dependent clause to an independent clause. Establishes that one is less important.After, although, as, because, once, since, that, though, till, unless, when, whenever, etc.

Key Terms

• Relative pronouns:

• Restrictive clause

• Nonrestrictive clause

Key Terms

• Relative pronouns: relate to a noun already named in the sentence. They introduce dependent clauses.

• Restrictive clause

• Nonrestrictive clause

Key Terms

• Relative pronouns: relate to a noun already named in the sentence. They introduce dependent clauses.

• Restrictive clause: essential to the definitionRock music is different than classical music

• Nonrestrictive clause

Key Terms

• Relative pronouns: relate to a noun already named in the sentence. They introduce dependent clauses.

• Restrictive clause: essential to the definition

• Nonrestrictive clause: meaningful, but not essentialDifferent music types, such as rock and classical, appeal to different people.

Key Terms

• Parallelism

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Key Terms

• Parallelism: Items share grammatical structure

BadWhile preparing this PowerPoint I drank coffee, music was playing on my radio, and some hefty guy joggled by my office window while I watched.

Key Terms

• Parallelism: Items share grammatical structure

GoodWhile preparing this PowerPoint I drank coffee, played music on my radio, and watched some hefty guy joggle by my office window.

Key Terms: Sentence Types

• Simple

• Compound

• Complex

• Compound-Complex

Key Terms: Sentence Types• Simple: one independent clause

Bobby ran.

• Compound: two independent clausesBobby ran, and he tried not to fall down.

• Complex: one independent clause and one dependent clauseBecause he was being chased by a bear, Bobby ran quickly.

• Compound-Complex: two independent clauses plus a dependent clause

The bear had been hibernating all winter and was hungry; therefore, when Bobby walked by with his bag of Fritos, the bear gave chase.

Basic Punctuation

,‘-“()

—:;.!

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