A Flora of Lava Beds National Monument

A Brief History of LABE ‘Contemporary Time’

• 1873--The Modocs are removed from their home

• 1907--Draining of Tule Lake and Livestock grazing commences

• 1925--Lava Beds National Monument established

• 1933– National Park Service begins managing the monument

• 1973--Livestock grazing ends wilderness areas are established

LABE Climate July is the Hottest (avg hi 82.4 F)

August is the driest ( avg .49”)

January is the coldest (avg hi 40.3 F) and snowiest ( avg 9.2”)

Annual precipitation is 15.33” with 44.1” of snow

August is the only month without reported snow fall

This image was taken on May 27, 2006

Geologic Fun Facts •Lava Beds is part of the Medicine Lake volcano which began erupting 500 tya

•The Mammoth Crater eruption covered 70% of the monument 30 tya

•The Callahan flow occurred 1000 ya, the youngest flow at Lava Beds

•Most of the pumice covering the park fell from the sky during the Glass mountain eruption 885 ya

•Lava Beds has the highest concentration of lava tubes in the continental US

Past Vascular Plant Inventories Include:

• Applegate, E.I. 1938. Plants of the Lava Beds National Monument,

California. American Midland Naturalist 19:2 pp. 334-368

• Wunner, R.C. 1970. A Flora of Lava Beds National Monument. M. A. thesis. Humboldt State College. Arcata, CA. 102 pp.

• Smith, A.R. 1993. Ferns of Lava Beds National Monument, Siskiyou County, California. Madrono 40:3 pp. 174-177

LABE habitat types: the guide for this inventory

Erhard, Dean H. 1979. Plant Communities and Habitat Types in the Lava Beds National Monument. M.S. thesis Department of Rangeland Resources, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. 173 pp.

Habitat types follow edaphic and topographic variations.

Microclimates pay off

Last Plant Standing

Summary of vascular plants at Lava Beds NM.

Group Families Genera Species

Pteridophyta 3 7 10

Coniferophyta 2 4 8

Magnoliophyta 47 193 343 Total

52 204 361

Compared to 192 species in Applegate’s work

Summary of Findings

• 100 vouchers

• 89 new vascular plant species

• 31 vouchers from the monument located at herbaria throughout California

Developing the Key • 1a. Plants reproducing by one celled

spores………………………………………....Group 1 (Ferns) Pg. 67 • 1b. Plants reproducing by seeds………………….…...............…...2a

• 2a. Ovules not enclosed in an ovary, generally occurring on the

surface of a cone scale; fruit a woody cone or cone-like berry; plants woody, trees or shrubs………….Group 2 (Gymnosperms) Pg. 69

• 2b. Ovules enclosed within an ovary; plants woody or not…………………………………………………….3a (Angiosperms)

• 3a. Floral parts, especially perianth, in 3’s (rarely 1,2, or 4’s, never 5’s); leaves mostly parallel veined; 1 cotyledon ………………………………………........Group 3 (Monocots) Pg. 71

• 3b. Floral parts, especially perianth) in 4’s or 5’s (rarely 3’s) leaves mostly palmately or pinnately veined; 2 cotyledons…………………..………..........…Group 4 (Dicots) Pg. 80

Artemisia tridentata

Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis

Cercocarpus ledifolius var. intermontanus

Pinus ponderosa

Ribes velutinum

Ribes cereum

Symphoricarpos rotundifolius

Arctostaphylos patula

Purshia tridentata

Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. spicata

Cycladenia humilis

Leymus cinereus

Chamaebatiaria millefolium

Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus

Chrysothamnus nauseosus

Achnatherum thurberianum

Other notable species include:

Phlox diffusa

Phlox hoodii var canescens

Lithophragma tenellum

Fritillaria pudica

Leucocrinum montanum

Draba verna

Plagiobothrys tenellus

Mimulus suksdorfii

Ranunculus glaberrimus var. glaberrimus

Lomatium nevadense var. nevadense

Delphinium andersonii

Nothocalais troximoides

Arabis sparsiflora var. sparsiflora

Arabis holboellii

Swertia albicaulis var. albicaulis

Agoseris heterophylla

Castilleja pilosa

Circium cymosum

Clarkia lassenensis

Senecio canus

Polystichum imbricans ssp. imbricans

What about the lava tubes?

• The unique microclimate of the lava tubes provides refuge for ferns, non-vascular plants, and pika.

Polystichum munitum

Dryopteris arguta

Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis