SolarGoing

Deciding to install solar or make your houses solar-ready involves gathering information from a number of sources and tailoring it to your location and circumstances. This guide can help you through that process. For more details, see High-Performance Home Technologies: Solar Thermal & Photovoltaic Systems. Go to Resources, page 8, for download information.

A Homebuilder’s Guide to

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A Homebuilder’s Guide to Going Solar is designed to help you assess the benefits to your business and customers of installing solar equipment or making your houses solar-ready. The informa-tion comes from studies of builders who have successfully integrated solar into their opera-tions as well as conversations with builders and solar professionals. These studies and conversa-tions indicate that builders want to know:

• Dosolareconomicsworkinmyarea?• Ifnot,arethereotherreasonstogosolar?• Istherealocalsupportsystemofsolarpro-

fessionalsIcancallontohelpmeintegratesolarseamlesslyintomyprojects?

This effort to educate builders about solar is a work in progress. As you explore the possibility ofgoingsolar,wewelcomeyourfeedbackaboutwhat information and resources were most useful to you. Send a message to solarbuilderfeedback@nrel.gov and tell us about your experiences.

SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEMSSolar water heating (SWH) systems are reliable and economical appliances for heating domes-ticwater.Theytypicallyconsistofcollectors,acontroller,astoragetank,and—inmostpartsofthecountry—somesortoffreezeprotection.

SWHsystemscostroughly$1,000to$4,000,dependingonthesizeandtypeofthesystem.However,whentheyareinstalledonnewhousesandthecostisincludedinthemortgage,thein-crease in the monthly payment is small. Because the federal income tax deduction for mortgage interest attributable to the solar system further reducesthatincrease,thesolarinvestmentoftenresults in positive cash flow immediately. On amonthlybasis,it’slikelythatyourcustomerswill save more than they pay from day one.

Manufacturers have developed packaged sys-temsandstreamlinedinstallationprocesses,making it much easier to incorporate SWH into production building schedules. Studies show that homebuyers prefer homes that include SWH,andbuildershavefounditmoreprofit-

able to make SWH a standard feature than to offer it as an option.

Inmostareasofthecountry,thereareaddi-tional financial incentives for installing SWH. The best source for current information about incentives in your area is www.dsireusa.org.

SOLAR ELECTRIC (PHOTOVOLTAIC OR PV) SYSTEMSSolar electric systems contain modules made up of photovoltaic (PV) cells that generate electric-ity when exposed to sunlight. They have no movingparts,requirealmostnomaintenance,and last for decades. The PV cells generate direct current(DC)electricity,whichisconvertedtoal-ternatingcurrent(AC)electricitybyaninverter.

Today’sPVsystemscomeinarangeofefficien-cies and configurations. PV systems with mod-ules that are mounted over existing roofing are stillthemostcommon,butbuildingintegratedphotovoltaic(BIPV)systemsaregaininginpopu-larity.InaBIPVsystem,themodulesdodoubleduty—theygenerateelectricityANDfunctionasafinishbuildingmaterial,usuallyroofing.

Atfirstglance,PVsystemslookexpensive—roughly$8perwattinstalledorabout$24,000fora3-kilowattresidentialsystem.However,theyareeligibleforanumberoffederal,state,local,andutilityfinancialincentivesthatcanreduce the cost by half or more. The best source for current information about incentives in your area is www.dsireusa.org.

Inaddition,whenPVsystemsareincludedasstandardfeaturesinnew,energyefficienthomes,andthecostisincludedinthemort-gage,homebuyersoftenrealizepositivecashflow from the first payment. See Do the solar economics work for my company and customers?,page3,formoredetails.

How to Use This Guide

The building integrated solar water heating system on the White House uses solar absorber plates from SunEarth, Inc. in a low-profile, site-built installation designed to blend with the historically appropriate terne-coated copper standing-seam roof.

All the homes in this entry-level home develop-ment near Sacramento, California, include a building integrated photo-voltaic (BIPV) system as a standard feature.

How to Use This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Solar Economics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Beyond Economics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Local Solar Support Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Find an Installer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Going Solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Making Houses Solar-Ready . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Selling Solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8TA

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Ifyourcustomers’cashflowsarepositivefromtheirfirstmortgagepayment,goingsolarisaneasy decision and an easy sell. Solar profession-als can use computer models to calculate how much energy a given home requires and how much it will cost to get some or all of that en-ergyfromsolarequipment.Itisalwayscheaperto tweak the energy design of a home before constructionbegins,andcomputermodelsareperfect tools for this. Go to LOCAL SOLAR SUP-PORT SYSTEMS,page5,forhelpfindingalocalsolar professional who offers this service.

Here are some of the variables that the com-puter model will take into account.

Rebates, tax credits, and other financial incen-tives.Incentivesvarywidelyfromoneregiontoanother,whetheryou’reinstallingSWHorPV.Sources for information about financial incen-tives available in your area include:

• DSIRE(DatabaseofStateIncentivesforRenewablesandEfficiency,www.dsireusa.org). DSIREisacomprehensivesourceofinfor-mationonfederal,state,local,andutilityincentives that promote renewable energy and energy efficiency; it is updated regularly.

• Localelectricandgasutilities.Someof-fer rebates or incentives for installing solar equipment. Visit www.dsireusa.org or check with your local utility.

• Localgreenbuildingandsolarorganizations.See LOCAL SOLAR SUPPORT SYSTEMS on page5formoreinformation.

• Localgovernmentandutilitypersonnel.Some offer accelerated building permit pro-cessing and other green building and solar incentives.

Energy efficient mortgages.Energyefficientmortgagesareavailableinall50states,andcanmake solar homes more affordable for buyers by including reduced monthly energy costs in the qualification process. Both PV and SWH sys-tems are allowable expenses under the federal guidelines for energy efficient mortgages.

The cost of electricity and natural gas or propane. At currentpricingforelectricityandgas,home-owners can often achieve a positive cash flow on a solar system financed with a home mort-gage from the first payment.

Do the solar economics work for my company and customers?

Added Costs Dollars#

PV $26, 445Solar Water Heating $7,808Energy Efficiency $5,848Total $40,101Incentives ($11,370)Net Costs $28,731Increased Monthly Mortgage*

$191

SavingsPV $430Solar Water Heating $172Energy Efficiency $1,985Annual Total $2,587Monthly Savings $216Effect on Cash FlowNet Monthly Increased Cash Flow

+$25

#2006 analysis and energy costs*7% loan amortized over 30 years

YES The economics work, and I’m ready to go solar.[Read LOCAL SOLAR SUPPORT SYSTEMS and FIND AN INSTALLER, page 5. Then go to Going Solar, page 6.]

NO In my area, solar doesn’t work on economics alone. What are some other reasons to go solar?[Go to Beyond Economics, page 4.]

In Colorado and many other parts of the country, generous financial incentives make solar systems more affordable.

Namaste Solar Electric/PIX15611

“We set out to provide exceptional value for our customers by adding solar power, and in the process we did some-thing exceptional for our business.”

John Suppes, founder and president of Clarum Homes, on his company’s decision to include PV systems on their homes.

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This table shows an example of a home in Hadley, Massachusetts, which is equipped with both PV and SWH systems and achieved positive cash flow from the first mortgage payment. Since the time of this analysis, utility rates have continued to rise and the homeowners’ benefits have increased.

The pre-construction energy analysis estimated that this home with a PV system would consume 41% less energy than the benchmark Building America home. First year electrical savings were over 66%, in part because of the energy consciousness of the homeowners.

For more details, see High-Performance Home Technologies: Solar Thermal & Photovoltaic Systems. Go to Resources, page 8, for download information.

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FOR THE BUILDERFaster Sales Solar homes sell at up to twice the rate of their conventional counterparts. Although the best datatodateisfromCalifornia,solar-equippedhomes are proving popular in other parts of the country,evenindepressedhousingmarkets.

More Satisfied Customers Studies indicate that solar homeowners are moresatisfied,andsatisfiedhomeownersrec-ommend their builder to others twice as often asneutralowners.Evenwhenneighboringhousesareenergyefficient,consumersincom-munities that include solar equipment are more satisfied with their home purchases.

Streamlined Sales Process Installingsolarasastandardfeaturesimplifiesthebuyer’sdecision-makingprocess.Studiesin-dicatethatconsumersprefersolar—bothSWHandPV—asastandardfeature,becauseittakesthe guesswork out of their purchase.

More Profitable Builders’experiencesindicatethatmakingsolarequipment standard is more profitable than offeringitasanoption.InoneCaliforniadevel-opment,all306homesincludedsolarhotwatersystemsand120homesincludedPVsystems.The builder found that it was more profitable to offer solar systems as standard features rather than options.

FOR THE BUYERFaster Appreciation Solar homes appreciate more quickly. Shea HomeshousesinCaliforniaequippedwithsolarwentupinvaluebyover55%,comparedtoabout45%foracomparisonconventionalcommunity.

Energy Price Stability Heating water and generating electricity with the sun help homeowners manage the risks associated with future price shocks. Part of the cost of a home equipped with solar systems includes a locked-in energy price over the life ofthesolarequipment,becausethe“fuel”—sunshine—isfree.

Lower Energy Bills Homes with solar equipment have lower energy bills.Basedonananalysisofutilitybills,en-ergycostsinaCaliforniadevelopmentofsolarhomeswere14to54%lowerthanacomparisoncommunity.

Beyond Economics— Other Reasons to Go Solar

In some parts of the country, notably parts of California,

solar homes sell more quickly than

other homes.

Shea Homes included building in-tegrated photovoltaic systems as standard equipment on homes in this California development.

All 42 homes in Mc-Stain Neighborhoods’

Bradburn Village in Westminster, Colorado,

feature photovoltaic systems as standard

features.

“All 257 homes sold out in the first year they were on the market (rather than the three years planned). Prices were initially advertised as ranging from $379,000 to $499,000, but some units sold for as much as $600,000.”

John Suppes, President of Clarum Homes

YES I’m ready to go solar now.[Read LOCAL SOLAR SUPPORT SYSTEMS and FIND AN INSTALLER, page 5.Then go to Going Solar, page 6.]

NO I’m not ready to install solar, but I am interested in making my houses solar-ready.[Read LOCAL SOLAR SUPPORT SYSTEMS and FIND AN INSTALLER, page 5. Then skip to Making Houses Solar-Ready, page 7.]

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LOCAL SOLAR SUPPORT SYSTEMS

If you’re new to solar, it can help to have an informa-tional or professional support system (or both). Here are some tips for finding fellow solar enthusiasts.

Seek out green building or other groups in your area that offer local solar information or marketing sup-port. In some locations, green builders and affiliated businesses have joined forces to share information about what works and what doesn’t.

Check with local governments and building depart-ments for green building programs. A study released by the American Institute of Architects in late 2007 (www.aia.org/release_112807_grcities) reports that nearly 40% of the U.S. population lives in a city with a green building program.

Several national organizations have local chapters you can join:

• RegionalchaptersoftheAmericanSolarEnergySociety (www.ases.org/about/chapters.htm) often offer educational events for members and the general public.

• MembersofregionalchaptersoftheSolarEnergyIndustries Association (www.seia.org/statechap-ters.php) include installers and other solar profes-sionals.

• MembersoflocalchaptersoftheNationalAs-sociation of Home Builders that are affiliated with the Green Building Initiative (www.thegbi.org/residential/) may have local solar experience and contacts.

• TheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncil(www.usgbc.org) has local chapters, and now has a LEED™ (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) program for homes.

Puget Sound Solar, the company that in-stalled the PV system on the Garst home in Olympia, Washington, has NABCEP-certified installers on its staff.

As builders and consumers learn about the benefits of going solar, residential solar equipment becomes more common.

“[When we] hooked up the solar…we all

stood there and watched the elec-

tric meter spin backward. My

advice for build-ers considering

solar is to find a good installation

contractor and go for it.”

Joe Gregory, a residential produc-

tion manager for Bob Ward Companies

FIND AN INSTALLER

Teaming up with a reliable, experienced solar installer is the single most important strategy for solar success.

Choose an experienced local installer. Local green build-ing or solar organizations can be valuable resources for finding established solar installers. Talk to other building professionals in your area. Patterns will emerge identify-ing the most professional and reliable solar companies.

Several national organizations maintain databases or membership directories of solar professionals:

•TheAmericanSolarEnergySociety(ASES)isanational nonprofit organization dedicated to increasing the use of solar energy in the United States. Check with your local ASES chapter (www.ases.org/about/chapters.htm) for leads on local solar professionals.

•Findsolar.com (www.findsolar.com) is a national data-base of solar professionals sponsored by the American Solar Energy Society, the Solar Electric Power Associa-tion, and the U.S. Department of Energy.

•TheSolarEnergyIndustriesAssociation(SEIA)isanational trade association for the solar industry. Check with the SEIA chapter in your area (www.seia.org/statechapters.php) to find solar installers.

Ask local solar companies if they have NABCEP-certified installers. The North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) certifies both SWH and PV installers. Go to www.nabcep.org to find certified installers in your area.

Check with community colleges, chapters of green building or trade organizations, and manufacturers for certification and/or training programs for solar profes-sionals. Ask the installers what trainings they’ve taken or certifications they’ve earned and check out www.irecusa.org/courseCatalog.php?action=Search for training programs in your area.

Do your homework. Check references and professional credentials and affiliations for the solar companies you’re considering. The solar industry and its allies, including the U.S. Department of Energy’s Solar America Initiative, are working hard to develop codes and standards. If you’re installing solar, we welcome your feedback at solarbuilderfeedback@nrel.gov.

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Whether you intend to install solar as a standard featureorofferitasanoption,followingthesesimple steps will help ensure successful solar installations. Many builders find that making solar equipment standard on their homes is more profitable,andhomebuyerspreferitbecauseitsimplifies purchasing decisions.

PV AND SWH BASICSALWAYS make energy efficiency improvements first. Energyefficiencyisthemostcosteffectivewaytoreduce utility bills and improve comfort. And the lessenergyahouserequires,thesmallerandlessexpensive the solar equipment will be.

Plan for solar during the site selection and design pro-cess. Orient streets and houses to take maximum advantage of the available solar resource.

Introduce the solar installer(s) and related subcontrac-tors. Ideally,getalltherelatedsubcontractorsinthe same room for a planning session.

Keep solar roof areas unobstructed. South facing with no shade during the peak solar window (approxi-mately9:00a.m.to3:00p.m.)isbest,butasolarsystem will perform adequately at a less than opti-mal orientation and tilt. See High-Performance Home Technologies: Solar Thermal & Photovoltaic Systems for moredetails.GotoResources,page8,fordown-load information. Add shading analysis sun chart and site assessments to your homeowner manuals.

Carefully assess present and future shading. Shading by maturing trees or nearby construction is far more likely to impact solar system performance than less-than-optimal orientation and tilt.

Model—or have your solar professional model—your project for performance, system sizing, and economics. See www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tools_directory for a listing of free and available-for-purchase energy models and estimators.

Require quality assurance inspections.EspeciallywithSWHsystems,inspectionsgreatlyreducefailurerates.

Spray paint or otherwise mark collector areas on roof to alert other trades.Roofvents,chimneys,gables,or other obstructions should all be located to the north of the planned solar installation.

Install collectors after roof and painting are completed if possible. Ifthisisn’tpossible,protectthemfromoverspraywithplasticsheeting,andmakesuresomeone has responsibility for removing plastic.

Place solar equipment parallel with and close to roof decks. Carefuldesignandinstallationcanreduceboth aesthetic impact and wind loading.

Choose packaged systems if possible to take advantage of the economies and convenience of pre-engineering. Somemanufacturersoffer“plug-and-play”connec-tors that make installations faster and more durable.

PV GUIDELINESToday,therearedifferentPVtechnologiestochoosefrom,dependingonthesolarresourceinyourarea,theamountofroofspaceavailable,and the products available through local solar companies.

Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems double as building materials.BIPVproductsofferthe convenience and economy of functioning as a buildingmaterial—usuallyroofing—ANDgener-ating electricity.

SWH GUIDELINESInmostareasoftheUnitedStates,SWHisacost-effective technology for heating residential do-mestic water. SWH economics are usually better for homes with electric water heaters than gas wa-ter heaters. Here are some tips to avoid callbacks andensureyourcustomersyearsofinexpensive,trouble-free solar-heated water.

Only install systems that are Solar Rating and Certifi-cation Corporation (SRCC) certified (www.solar- rating.org). TheSRCCprovidesindependentcertifi-cation of solar water and swimming pool heating collectorsandsystems.Somestates(Florida,forexample) require their own certification.

Install the simplest system that will work in your climate.InmostareasoftheUnitedStates,SWHmustincorporatefreezeprotection.

Going Solar

SunPower’s SunTile® is a roof-integrated solar tile designed to blend into flat and S-tile roofs.

Although a south facing orientation is best, solar

systems will perform well at different orientations,

as this Ohio home demonstrates.

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Your customers will appreciate your forethought inmakingtheirhomessolar-ready,becauseitwillsave them time and hassle when they decide to install solar equipment. A solar-ready house will be easier to sell as energy prices rise and consum-ers become more aware of the environmental and climate consequences of various energy technolo-gies.Bymakingahomesolar-ready,youarepro-viding your customer an opportunity to increase the value of their investment.

Review “PV AND SWH BASICS” in the “Going Solar” section, page 6.

Design and plan the home as if you were going to install the solar equipment during construction.

Consider paying a local solar professional as a consul-tant to help with this process.

Leave unobstructed roof space for the collectors and/or array.

Plan ahead with various trades to avoid shading from vents, chimneys, etc.

Clearly label all end points of wires or pipes.

Clearly label the location of structural reinforcements.

If standoff mounts or racks are required, install them be-fore the final roofing material to ensure proper flashing.

In the homeowner’s manual, document the intended placement for future solar equipment, including ar-rays, collectors, tanks, inverters, and switches.

Getting Ready for PVDesign space for inverters and disconnects near the main service panel.

Leave space in the main service panel to handle a power input breaker.

Pre-wire or install empty metal conduit from the roof to near the main service panel.

Install conduit from the inverter location to the main service panel.

Leave space in the breaker box for a double-pole 30 A breaker (solar electric feed).

Provide a vertical wall area to mount an inverter in the mechanical area of the house.

Minimize the distance (wire run) from the array to the inverter.

Install an electric disconnect switch for the future solar electric system.

Leave a copy of the wiring notes and diagrams in the electrical panel.

Post a sign or label on the electrical panel door indi-cating that the home is SOLAR READY.

Include system schematics, manufacturer’s literature, installer’s contact information, and any other perti-nent paperwork in the homeowner’s manual.

Getting Ready for SWH Install 3/4” copper pipe for both cold and heated water from the roof to the location of the hot water storage tanks.

Cap the pipe and install so that it is accessible on the top.

The bottom should dead end until the solar system is installed.

Insulate the pipe.

If required, run sensor wires parallel to the copper pipe.

Install electric cable if required for a future pump.

Leave space near the water heater for hot water tanks, valves, pumps, heat exchangers, expansion tanks, and other needed equipment.

Include system schematics, manufacturer’s literature, installer’s contact information, and any other perti-nent paperwork in the homeowner’s manual.

Making Houses Solar-Ready

This Massachusetts development features

PV systems on each house as standard

equipment.

Retrofitting solar equip-ment to an existing house is easier and less disruptive if the original builder makes the house solar-ready.

New low-cost solar water heaters like the SunCache are coming on the market. Davis Energy Group, in partnership with SunEarth Inc., developed the SunCache, with significant support from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

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SELLING SOLARIt’stimetoeducateyourstaff—especiallyyoursalesstaff—aboutthefinerpointsofsolarsystems.Usethispublicationasastartingpoint,andconsult High-Performance Home Technologies: Solar Thermal & Photovoltaic Systems for more details. See Resources,thispage,fordownloadinformation.

The strategies mentioned here are sales techniques that work for other solar builders.

Educate your sales force. Builders who successfully in-tegratesolaragreethateducatingyourself,yourstaff,yoursubcontractors,andyourcustomersiscritical.

Use walk-throughs, models of house features, and model homes as education and sales tools, both for your sales force and your customers. Provide samples ofsolarsystemsforbrowserstoexamine.Ifnetmeteringmakesitpossibleinyourarea,letvisi-torswatchtheelectricmeterspinbackwards.It’saproven crowd pleaser.

Hold training sessions for consumers and tradespeople. Generate traffic through your models and educate potential customers at the same time. Manufacturers and installers often have excellent sales and training tools that they will share with their customers.

Hand out publications detailing the benefits of energy efficiency and solar technologies—yours or others. Reprintsofarticlesaboutthebenefitsofgoingsolar—especiallyiftheymentionyouoryourcompany—arepowerfulsalestools.

Advertising—energystar.gov has information about designing advertising.Emphasizeyourenergyef-ficiency and solar features to set you apart from the competition.

Web site. UseyourWebsitetoeducatepotentialcustomers about your commitment to energy ef-ficiency and solar technologies.

Compact discs. CDsofferanopportunitytopro-vide lots of information in a tiny package.

Free publicity. Send out press releases; offer your ser-vicestoprint,radio,andTVjournalistsasanexpertinterviewee; invite the press to open houses and other eventsandfunctions.Editorialmentionsareoftenfarmore powerful publicity than advertisements.

Offer energy efficiency guarantees. Some builders guaranteethattheircustomers’utilitybillswillstay below a prescribed maximum. See www.eflhome.com, for example.

Publicize your affiliations with green building and solar organizations. These affiliations can increase your credibility among consumers.

DOE/GO-102008-2599 April 2008A Strong Energy Portfolio for a Strong America. Energy efficiency and clean, renewable energy will mean a stronger economy, a cleaner environment, and greater energy independence for America. Working with a wide array of state, community, industry, and university partners, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy invests in a diverse portfolio of energy technologies.

For more information contact: EERE Information Center 1-877-EERE-INF (1-877-337-3463) www.eere.energy.gov

Prepared by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)

Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

attelle

Printed with a renewable-source ink on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% postconsumer waste

I’m committed to going solar or solar-ready. What’s next?

Let prospective homebuyers see for

themselves that solar installations need not

detract from the appearance of a home.

In this California com-munity, unobtrusive PV systems quietly gener-ate clean energy.

For some homeowners, solar systems are an indication of their com-mitment to environmental protection and national energy security.

ResourcesFree download of Volume 6 of the Building America Best Practices Series, High-Performance Home Technologies: Solar Thermal & Photovoltaic Systems www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/pdfs/41085.pdf

Feedback on this document or your solar experiences solarbuilderfeedback@nrel.gov

Database of solar and energy efficiency incentives www.dsireusa.org

Study of green building programs www.aia.org/release_112807_grcities

American Solar Energy Society www.ases.org

Solar Energy Industries Association www.seia.org

Findsolar.com www.findsolar.com

The Green Building Initiative www.thegbi.org

U.S. Green Building Council www.usgbc.org

North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners www.nabcep.org

List of solar training programs www.irecusa.org/courseCatalog.php?action=Search

List of energy models and software www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tools_directory

SolarRatingandCertificationCorporation www.solar-rating.org

Energy efficiency guarantees www.eflhome.com

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