A technique used to determine the genetic traits of a baby before

it is born

AMNIOCENTESIS

Klinefelter Syndrome• Have male genitalia and internal ducts, but

underdeveloped testes

• Do not produce sperm

• Slight enlargement of the breasts

• 47,XXY

• 1 out of every 500 male births

Turner Syndrome• Has female external genitalia

• Underdeveloped ovaries

• Short (under 5 feed)

• Webbed Neck

• Broad, Shield-like chest

• 45,X

• 1 out of every 3000 female births

Cri-du-Chat Syndrome• Partial monosomy (part of 1 chromosome is lost)• Loss of about 1/3 of the short arm of chromosome

5• Anatomical malfomrations (gastrointestinal and

cardiac complications)• Mentally retarded• Abnormal development of the larynx which makes

the baby’s cry sound like a cat’s cry• 1 in 50,000 live births

Down Syndrome• BKA trisomy 21 (47, 21+); 3 copies of the 21st chromosome• Short• Small round heads• Protruding, furrowed tongues which cause mouth to remain partially

open• Retarded (IQ below 70)• Shortened life expectancy (<50)• Prone to reparatory disease and heart malformations• Have 15x higher chance of getting leukemia• Chance of having a baby with Down syndrome goes up as the mother

gets older