A2AS GEOG REVISED PP January 2010 as 1 Physical Geography 6469

8/22/2019 A2AS GEOG REVISED PP January 2010 as 1 Physical Geography 6469

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TotalMarks

71

Centre Number

Candidate Number

New

Specific

atio

n

TIME

1 hour 30 minutes.

5390

For Examinersuse only

Question

MarksNumber

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The total mark for this paper is 90.

Quality of written communication will be assessed in all questions.

Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of the pages

indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces

provided at the top of this page.

Section A: candidates must answer this section.

Section B: answerall three questions in this section.

You should write your answers for Section A and Section B in the

spaces provided in this question paper.

Section C: answer any two questions from this section. Write your

answers to Section C on the lined paper at the end of this booklet.At the end of the examination your summary of fieldwork and

table of data should be attached securely to this paper using the

treasury tag supplied.

ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS)General Certif icate of Education

January 2010

Geography

Assessment Unit AS 1assessing

Physical Geography

[AG111]

FRIDAY 15 JANUARY, MORNING

A

G111


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5390 2 [Turn over

Examiner Only

Marks Remark

Section A

Answer th is section

Submitted summary of fieldwork and table of data.

At the end of the examinat ion these should be attached

securely to this paper using the treasury tag supplied.

1 (a) Explain two reasons why your chosen location was selected as

suitable to explore the aim of your fieldwork.

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(b) (i) Explain why statistical analysis is an important stage in the

investigation process.

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(ii) Select one of the following statistical techniques and apply it to

your data using the box provided below. The technique selected

must be appropriate to your aim. Comment on the statistical

significance of the outcome, if relevant. (Formulae, Significance

graphs and tables are illustrated in Resources 1A and 1B on

pages 4 and 5).

l Spearmans Rank Correlation l Nearest Neighbour Analysis

l Measures of central tendency and dispersion

l (Mean, median, mode and range) [7]

Examiner Only

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Chosen Technique: _________________________ Al l stages of your calcu lat ions

should be shown c learly


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Resource 1A

Spearmans Rank Correlation Equation and Significance Charts

Formula:

where d = the difference in rank of the values of each matched pair

n = the number of ranked pairs = the sum of

Spearmans Rank Correlation Signi ficance Graph and Table

Critical values forrs

Degrees of freedom [Number of ranked pairs (n) 2]

Critical values of Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient, rsSignificance level

4 6 8 10 25 50 100

95%

99%

99.9%

0.1p1.0p5.0p1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.1

Non-significant

Significant

SpearmansRankCorrelation

Coefficient

rd

n ns

=

1

62

3

degrees of freedom 0.05 (5%) 0.01 (1%)

4 0.88 1.00

5 0.83 0.966 0.80 0.91

7 0.77 0.87

8 0.72 0.84

9 0.68 0.80

10 0.64 0.77

11 0.60 0.74

12 0.57 0.71

15 0.50 0.65

20 0.47 0.59

25 0.44 0.5430 0.39 0.48

40 0.35 0.43

50 0.31 0.38


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Resource 1B

Nearest Neighbour Index Equation and Significance Graph

Formula: Rn = 2d

n

A

where d

= the mean distance between nearest neighbours

n = number of pointsA = area in question

Significance Graph

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.02.15

Significantly random

Significantly clustered

Significantly regular

Number of points (n)

Clustered

Random

Regular

Rn values


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(iii) Having completed your statistical work, suggest possible

geographical reasons for the outcome obtained. Your

explanation should include reference to relevant geographical

theory or concepts.

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(c) Select one of the factors from the list below and explain how it would

have influenced the reliability of the data which you collected.

l Sampling method

l Time of year

l Prevailing weather conditions

l Group organisation

l Time of day l Type of equipment

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(d) Explain one way in which your data collection could be extended to

explore further the aim of your fieldwork.

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Section B

Answerall three questions in this section.

2 (a) Describe how a river transports material by the process ofsaltation.

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(b) Study Resource 2 which shows the annual deaths and the cost of

damage caused by flooding in the USA (19251990).

Resource 2

Figure from Smith, K. (1993) Riverine flood hazard, Geography, 78, 2, pp. 182-185

Damage

Deaths

Trend lines10000

1000

100

10

11930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

Year

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Damage(US$100million)

Deaths


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(i) Describe and explain the trends shown in Resource 2.

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(ii) Explain two ways in which the equivalent data for flooding in

an LEDC, such as Bangladesh, might be different from the data

shown in Resource 2.

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3 Study Resource 3 which shows an incomplete diagram of the nutrient

cycle in an area of mid-latitude grasslands.

Resource 3

Source: adapted from a variety of sources

(a) (i) Complete the diagram by labelling the remaining four transfers of

the nutrient cycle. [4]

Soil

Biomass

Uptakeby plantsLitter

PrecipitationStore

Transfer

Tissu

efall

out


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(ii) Explain why soil is the largest of the three stores in this

ecosystem.

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(b) Describe and explain the changes in soil characteristics which occur

during plant succession to produce climatic climax vegetation.

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4 Study Resource 4A showing a simplified atmospheric circulation for one hemisphere.

Resource 4A

CCEA

(a) On Resource 4A name the three circulation cells X, Y and Z and

indicate whether the pressure would be high orlow at latitudes 30

and 60. [4]

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X Y Z

0 30 60 90

pressure pressure


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(b) Study Resource 4B, showing the weather associated with a frontal

depression, which has formed over the North Atlantic and moved from

west to east.

Resource 4B

5

5

5

7

6

6

10

LOW

cold air

cold air

warm air

976

980

984

988

992

996

1000

Heavy

rain

Light to

moderate

rain200km

N

1200 January 30

Direction of movement of

pressure system (approx 30-40 km/h)

Warm front

Cold front

Occluded front

Wind direction and speed, cloud cover

Rain area

Pressure in millibars

Adapted with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from Essential Geography AS

ISBN 978 0 7487 5175 4 (Ross, Morgan & Heelas) first published in 2000

Pressure in millibars


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(i) Describe and explain the sequence of weather that Ireland has

experienced during the previous 24 hours.

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(ii) State one beneficial and one detrimental effect of frontal

depressions on people.

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Section C

Answerany two questions in this section.

5 With the aid of annotated diagrams, describe and explain the river

processes involved in the formation of:

l a waterfall; l one type of delta. [12]

6 With reference to a national/regional case study, explain the impact of

monoculture and attempts to manage an area of mid-latitude grasslands.

[12]

7 For a named hurricane event, describe the effects of the hurricane on

people and property and evaluate the effectiveness of the protective

measures used to reduce loss of life and damage to property. [12]


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Documents

A2AS GEOG REVISED PP January 2010 as 1 Physical Geography 6469