Academic Practice. AVA Academic Practice Research Academic Practice

Academic Practice

AVA Academic Practice

ResearchAcademic Practice


Research is…

Questioning

Searching for knowledge

A system for investigation

Discovery

A basic process of inquiry

Interpretation

Starting Research

Question framing

Research

Creative

Question framing

Problem definition.

Idea finding.

Concept development.

Production.

What do I have

General Knowledge

Documentation & Evaluation

Examples

Research of similar works

Research of specific artists/designers


Library GuideWhere to look

Architecture 711-711.12; 711.2-711.9; 720-729

Arts in general 700; 709

Decorative arts, applied arts 688.2; 736; 738-740; 744-745.66; 745.7; 745.9-749

Graphic arts, drawing, design 741-743

Museums, collectors & collecting 069 Painting 745.67; 745.8; 750-759

Photography 770-773; 775; 777-779

Printing 760-769

Sculpture 730-735

Visual arts in general 701-708; 710; 776

Different approaches to research


Archival research Old Newspapers and Historical records On-line archives/ public/ open source resources History records services of HK:

http://www.grs.gov.hk/ws/index.htm

Visual Arts Research Model Artist / Artwork / Others

Question / Interpret / Explain


Citing and Referencing

Academic Practice


What is Citing

Acknowledging the influences and works you have used; written, verbal and visual.


Each and every piece of work will have….

Bibliography -List all references at the end of your work

. Book/ website / image

1. Tony T.N. Hung. Handbook Avoiding Plagiarism (Language Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University, 4th Revision, May 2008)


Learn how to cite and reference

Please Use the links to learn the methods for Chicgao and MLA systems

http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~lib/support/citing_sources.html

http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html


Presentations

Academic Practice

Presentations

Presenting your learning, research and creativity

Please follow the link

http://lorien.ncl.ac.uk/ming/dept/tips/present/present.htm


PlagiarismAcademic Practice


What is Plagiarism

Plagiarism: Plagiarism means taking someone else’s words or ideas and passing them off as your own.

http://net2.hkbu.edu.hk/~plagiar/module1.html


How to Avoid Plagiarism

Always Cite and reference your influences and sources

Every piece work should have a bibliography

If in Doubt always cite!


TURNITIN

Written work may be submitted through Turnitin software

http://buelearning.hkbu.edu.hk/mod/assignment/type/turnitin/submissions.php?id=5442


More information on Plagiarism

1. http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~lib/support/avoid_plagiarism.html

2. http://buar.hkbu.edu.hk/index.php/current_students_and_alumni/academic_guidelines/avoiding_plagiarism

Please visit both sites and read all documentation

Art Law

Copyright

Art Law

Copyright and property

Blindfold - represents objectivity

Scales -measures the arguments

Double-edged sword - symbolizing the power of Reason and Justice

Copy or Transformative?

Left: A photo by Patrick Cariou / Right: One of Richard Prince's “Canal Zone” collages

Knowledge is considered the key to human development

Two major international copyright conventions in operation – Berne Convention that dates originally from

1886, and – the Universal Copyright Convention, dating

from 1952 - revised in 1971

Copyright and Property

Knowledge is considered the key to human development

Intellectual property rights (IPRs)

‘Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce.’

World Interllectual Property Organisation

http://www.wipo.int

Intellectual property rights (IPRs)

The first English copyright act (1710)

Berne Convention originally from 1886

Universal copyright conventions dating from 1952 - revised in 1971

Copyright and Property

Intellectual Property

Copyright:

protects original works.

Related Rights:

protect the performances, original recordings and broadcasts of works.

Industrial Property:

Patents protect inventions.

Industrial Designs protect the designs of the products

Trademark protect distinctive signs

The Berne Convention

is administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

WIPO also has two copyright treaties

- the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT)

- the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT)

Many developing countries, have signed both treaties, the countries of the European Union have not yet done so…..

Copyright protects the way in which ideas are expressed.

Copyright does NOT protect ideas or mere facts.

Copyright protection is automatic. The instant you draw a picture or write a poem your works are protected by copyright.

Obtaining or Protecting

Original creation is the Intellectual Property of the originator

It is not about Obtaining but Protecting….

Originality

originality is the only condition that a work must meet in order to be protected by copyright. This means that a work cannot simply be a copy of another work.

works are protected by copyright regardless of their

quality. A child’s finger-painting has as much copyright

protection as a famous painter’s masterpiece.

Copyright protects the way in which ideas are expressed.

Written works – books, speeches, magazine and newspaper articles, novels,

stories, poems, essays, plays, text books, web pages, advertisements, and dance

notations.

Musical works – musical compositions, lyrics, songs and ring tones, in all types

of formats (sheet music, CDs, MP3 files, etc).

Artistic works – drawings, paintings, photographs, comics, sculptures,

architectural works, and maps.

Dramatic and choreographic works – plays, operas and dance.

Films and multimedia products – movies, video games, TV programs, and

cartoons.

Computer programs – human (source code) and machine (object code)

computer programming language.

How Long does copy right last?General Rules

Artistic, Literary, Dramatic works lasts for 70 years after the year of a known author's death. For unknown authors it expires 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was first made available to the public.

Sound Recording, Broadcasts, Cable Programmes and Computer Generated Works lasts for 50 years from the end of the year they were made, released or first broadcast

USA - For an anonymous work, a pseudonymous work, or a work made for hire, the copyright endures for a term of 95 years from the year of its first publication or a term of 120 years from the year of its creation, whichever expires first.

Fair Use…AllowedThe Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows individuals to copy a

certain amount of copyright materials, through the 'fair dealing' exception, for specific purposes.

No more than 5% of a book or one article from any one journal issue may be copied. This limit also applies to saving/printing from e-books and e-journals.

Copying for instructional use is permitted provided that it is done by the lecturer or student and not by any reprographic methods (e.g. photocopier, fax etc).

Copying for examination purposes is allowed by reprography, provided that it is not a musical work.

Fair Use…Restricted

Fair dealing does not apply to films, sound recordings or broadcasts.

Copying for instructional use is permitted provided that it is done by the lecturer or student and not by any reprographic methods (e.g. photocopier, fax etc).

Copying for examination purposes is not allowed for musical work.

'Fair Dealing' does not cover the creation of multiple copies for teaching purposes.

Fair Use…Restricted

http://www.benedict.com/info/FairUse/Visualizer/Visualizer.aspx

In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include –

Factor 1 -Purpose and Character of Use

Factor 2 -Nature of Copyrighted Work

Factor 3 -Relative Amount

Factor 4 - Effect upon Potential Market

The Internet…. Without infringing copyright, the public has a right to expect:

To read, listen to, or view publicly marketed copyrighted material privately, on site or remotely;

To browse through publicly marketed copyrighted material;

To experiment with variations of copyrighted material for fair use purposes, while preserving the integrity of the original;

To make or have made for them a first generation copy for personal use of an article or other small part of a publicly marketed copyrighted work or a work in a library's collection for such purpose as study, scholarship, or research; and

To make transitory copies if ephemeral or incidental to a lawful use and if retained only temporarily.

4 possible outcomes

① Prince Wins – Canal Zone declared fair use.

② Assessing all 21 works individually– some may pass fair use some may not. Those that don’t will be subject to damages.

③ Ruling sent to a Jury - ????

④ Re assessed by the courts

Some Thoughts … eroding the fair use concept, which sought to strike a

balance between economic and moral interests of IP owners and protection of public goods

Being used to tighten control of the world’s knowledge to the advantage of the industrialized world

Lock up indigenous knowledge

undermine flexibility to access knowledge and to develop technological skills;

Contractual law could override IP laws which allow access to information;

Copyright

The correct form for a notice:

Copyright [dates] by [author/owner]

Or

© [dates] by [author/owner]

Last Word….

In doubt – Don’t…..

You need to establish fair use or seek the owners permission to copy.

Glossary: Basic research terminology Abstract - A summary of a longer text, usually of an academic article.

Bias - To influence somebody or something unfairly, for example by using ‘leading questions’ in an interview.

Bibliography- A list of books and articles consulted, appearing at the end of a text.

Case study- An investigation into a particular individual or group used as a basis for drawing conclusions in similar situations.

Cue cards- Small cards used as prompts during a presentation.

Data- Information, in numerical or other formats, that can form the basis for analysis.

Database- systematically arranged collection of computer data, such as abstracts of journal articles, structured so that it can be automatically searched.

Essay- A short, structured, analytical piece of writing dealing with a specific topic.

Essay plan- An outline structure for an essay, including key aims, approaches and sources.

Ethics - A system of moral principles governing the appropriate conduct for a person or group.

Fieldwork - The observation of groups of people in their everyday surroundings.

Hypothesis - An untested assertion about the relationship between two or more concepts.

Information Search - The identification, recording and evaluation of information sources based on a particular subject.

Informed consent - Agreement by an individual to take part in research after being informed of and having understood the processes involved.

Interview - A method of collecting data from a subject by asking questions in a face-to -face situation.

Journal - A magazine or periodical, especially one published by a specialist or professional body for its members, containing information and contributions relevant to their area of activity. e.g. Fashion Theory.

Keywords - A word used in order to search for further information, for example using a library catalogue or the Internet.

Mind maps - A mind map is a visual method of representing words, ideas, tasks, or other items linked to and arranged around a central key word or idea.

Object Analysis - A short analytical piece of writing based on a specific object.

Observation - The scrutiny and recording of action in natural settings.

Presentation - A formal talk made to a group of people, based on a particular topic, usually with visual aids.

Primary sources - First-hand research, that came into existence during the period of study.

Qualitative research - Research involving description and interpretation rather than statistics.

Quantitative research - Research based on measurable or numeric data.

Questionnaire - A carefully-designed set of questions used to gather data.

Reference - A note within a text, referring to another source of information.

Report - A document that gives factual information about an investigation or a piece of research.

Sample - A group selected from a larger population so that statements can be made about the population as a whole.

Secondary sources - Second-hand research that has been created after the period of study.

Structured list - A way of taking notes using sub-headings, bulleted lists and highlighted key words.

Survey - To carry out a statistical study of a sample population by asking questions about various aspects of people's lives.

Time-management - Strategies such as breaking down a major project into smaller, time-tabled tasks, in order to complete the project on time.

Visual aids - An item that is used as a complement to a presentation, e.g. an image, model or chart.

Documents

Academic Practice. AVA Academic Practice Research Academic Practice