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2012 PHYSED Units 3 & 4 SOLUTION PATHWAY Page 1 2012 ACHPER TRIAL EXAMINATION VCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION NOTES FOR TEACHERS Please note the following: 1. The November examination will consist of two sections. Section A will consist of multiple-choice questions. Students will be required to mark their responses on a multiple-choice answer sheet. A mock blank version is also provided if teachers wish to use this for the ACHPER Trial Examination. Section B will consist of short-answer and extended response questions. 2. To duplicate the format of the November examination, it is suggested that you present the ACHPER Trial Examination as a question booklet to give students practice at completing an examination in this format. 3. Students will be required to write their student number in figures and in words. They should practice this on the ACHPER Trial Examination, as indicated. 4. The ACHPER Trial Examination has been designed to provide students with the opportunity to use the full two hours of writing time. 5. The ACHPER Trial Examination should not vary considerably in format to the November examination; however, the type of stimulus material used, the number of questions and the allocated marks may be different. (Note: The ACHPER Trial Examination may have fewer graphics and photographs, due to copyright restrictions.) 6. The suggested answers provided in this booklet should be used as a guide only and do not represent all possible answers that students could write. 7. ACHPER provides approval for schools that have purchased this trial examination to copy it for the purpose of teaching students in schools. Other than for this specific purpose, copyright exists with ACHPER Victorian Branch. It may not be reproduced for any other purpose without permission from ACHPER Victorian Branch. © ACHPER Victorian Branch, 2012. ACHPER provides approval for schools that have purchased this trial examination to copy it for the purpose of teaching students in schools. Other than for this specific purpose, copyright exists with ACHPER Victorian Branch. It may not be reproduced for any other purpose without permission from ACHPER Victorian Branch. No responsibility or liability whatsoever can be accepted by ACHPER Victorian Branch or the authors for any loss, damage or injury that may arise from any person acting on any statement or information contained in this publication and to the extent permitted by law, all such liabilities are expressly excluded. Every effort has been made to trace the ownership of copyright material. Information that will enable the publisher to rectify any error or omission will be welcome. In such case, please contact ACHPER who will arrange payment of the usual fee.

ACHPER PE Unit 3&4 Trial Exam 2012 answers

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Page 1: ACHPER PE Unit 3&4 Trial Exam 2012 answers

2012 PHYSED Units 3 & 4 SOLUTION PATHWAY

Page 1

2012

ACHPER TRIAL EXAMINATION

VCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION

NOTES FOR TEACHERS Please note the following:

1. The November examination will consist of two sections. Section A will consist of multiple-choice

questions. Students will be required to mark their responses on a multiple-choice answer sheet. A mock

blank version is also provided if teachers wish to use this for the ACHPER Trial Examination.

Section B will consist of short-answer and extended –response questions.

2. To duplicate the format of the November examination, it is suggested that you present the ACHPER Trial

Examination as a question booklet to give students practice at completing an examination in this format.

3. Students will be required to write their student number in figures and in words. They should practice this

on the ACHPER Trial Examination, as indicated.

4. The ACHPER Trial Examination has been designed to provide students with the opportunity to use the full

two hours of writing time.

5. The ACHPER Trial Examination should not vary considerably in format to the November examination;

however, the type of stimulus material used, the number of questions and the allocated marks may be

different. (Note: The ACHPER Trial Examination may have fewer graphics and photographs, due to

copyright restrictions.)

6. The suggested answers provided in this booklet should be used as a guide only and do not represent all

possible answers that students could write.

7. ACHPER provides approval for schools that have purchased this trial examination to copy it for the

purpose of teaching students in schools. Other than for this specific purpose, copyright exists with

ACHPER Victorian Branch. It may not be reproduced for any other purpose without permission from

ACHPER Victorian Branch.

© ACHPER Victorian Branch, 2012. ACHPER provides approval for schools that have purchased this trial examination to copy it

for the purpose of teaching students in schools. Other than for this specific purpose, copyright exists with ACHPER Victorian

Branch. It may not be reproduced for any other purpose without permission from ACHPER Victorian Branch. No responsibility or

liability whatsoever can be accepted by ACHPER Victorian Branch or the authors for any loss, damage or injury that may arise

from any person acting on any statement or information contained in this publication and to the extent permitted by law, all such

liabilities are expressly excluded. Every effort has been made to trace the ownership of copyright material. Information that will

enable the publisher to rectify any error or omission will be welcome. In such case, please contact ACHPER who will arrange

payment of the usual fee.

Page 2: ACHPER PE Unit 3&4 Trial Exam 2012 answers

2012 PHYSED Units 3 & 4 SOLUTION PATHWAY

Page 2

SOLUTION PATHWAY

This solution pathway is not intended to be a definitive set of answers in all cases. Students may provide factually

correct responses that have not been outlined here. These answers are a set of sample responses and a guide to the

acceptable depth and range of possible responses.

Section A: Multiple-choice Questions Section A Total Marks: 15

Question Answer

1 B

2 B

3 D

4 C

5 A

6 C

7 D

8 B

9 A

10 C

11 C

12 B

13 C

14 C

15 D

Page 3: ACHPER PE Unit 3&4 Trial Exam 2012 answers

2012 PHYSED Units 3 & 4 SOLUTION PATHWAY

Page 3

Section B: Short answer questions Section B Total Marks: 105

Question 1

a. A model that recognises the interwoven relationship that exists between the individual and their

environment and the factors which affect their behaviour (VCAA, 2010, p.36).

OR

The social-ecological model explores the multiple influences impacting on physical activity

behaviour. It includes the individual factor (gender and age), the environmental factor (physical

and social) and the policy factor (organisations).

One mark for listing the levels of influence and one mark for acknowledging that the levels do

not operate in isolation, they have an interrelationship.

2 marks

b. i. Individual: Individuals can register and join the Challenge even if their class/school is not

registered allowing an individual access to the program.

Social: Organisations such as primary schools, out of school hours care services, sporting

clubs and recreational organisations can participate in the Challenge.

Physical: Once the registration period commences, in April, organisations and individuals

will be able to activate their registration on the website. Organisations such as

primary schools, out of school hours care services, sporting clubs and recreational

organisations can participate in the Challenge. Schools, out of school programs,

sporting clubs and recreational organisations will have been targeted in this

initiative as they most likely have the physical environment to allow an individual

or group of people to access physical activity, with a range of equipment and

space that allows for and encourages participation in physical activity.

Policy: A government delivered strategy with a website collecting data and rewarding

students with prizes and certificates for their participation in physical activity.

To receive full marks students must use information from the stimulus material provided as

demonstrated in the above answers.

4 marks

b. ii. Any two of the following statements for two marks:

- The Prime Minister’s Challenge is focusing on the individual within the schools setting.

- The school setting provides the student with both the social setting (friends and peers) in

addition to the physical setting (outdoor areas and equipment).

- The rewards scheme administered by the Australian Government website would satisfy the

policy element of the socio-ecological model.

- A statement such as; The Prime Minister Challenge considers the individual, the

environment including social factors and the policy. It could be assumed it should have

some success as it addresses the multiple levels of influence on physical activity

participation and their ability to work to together to influence a young person to participate

in physical activity.

2 marks

c. i. The guidelines suggest that children between the ages 5-12 years should limit sitting and

watching television or using other electronic media particularly during daylight hours to less

than 2 hour per day unless it is educational. Therefore a child can be sedentary; however, as

long as they are involved in at least sixty minutes of moderate to vigorous activity they will

meet the requirements of the guidelines for their age group.

Must refer to the statement regarding sedentary behaviour in the NPAG for two marks.

2 marks

c. ii 1 mark for listing correct time/duration in line with NPAG, 1 mark for activities listed in each

day, 2 marks for activities listed from the Prime Minister’s Challenge stimulus material.

4 marks

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7

Playing

soccer in the

backyard (1

hr)

Rugby

training

(1.5hrs)

Playing

Tennis in the

backyard

(2 hrs)

Run to and

from the

shops

(1 hr)

Rugby

training

(1.5hrs)

Playing

soccer with

mates (2 hrs)

Rugby game

with team

(2 hrs)

Total

14 marks

Page 4: ACHPER PE Unit 3&4 Trial Exam 2012 answers

2012 PHYSED Units 3 & 4 SOLUTION PATHWAY

Page 4

Question 2

Tapering is the deliberate manipulation of training volume to ensure an athlete performs at their

optimal (reduced presence of fatigue etc.), whereas reversibility is the lack of, or absence of sufficient

training to maintain previously gained chronic adaptations.

2 marks

Total

2 marks

Question 3

a. The key to this graph is that the contribution from CHO’s will decrease over time, while

conversely the contribution from fat will increase. The key to this graph is that the contribution

from CHO’s will decrease over time, while conversely the contribution from fat will increase,

so the cross-over point is not pertinent

2 marks

b. The athlete could employ carbohydration; that is the intake of liquid high GI carbohydrates

during the race. This will delay the reliance upon fat as the primary fuel source enabling the

athlete to work at higher intensities.

2 marks

Total

4 marks

Page 5: ACHPER PE Unit 3&4 Trial Exam 2012 answers

2012 PHYSED Units 3 & 4 SOLUTION PATHWAY

Page 5

Question 4

a. As the race progresses David Rudisha’s speed decreases/declines.

1 mark

b. - The predominant energy system for this event is the aerobic system because of the duration

of 1 minute 41 seconds.

- The PC system would be the predominant provider of energy in the first 50 to 100metres

and thus the first 200m split will be because this system produces energy at the most rapid

rate.

- The Anaerobic Glycolysis system would provide energy throughout this event as the PC

system will deplete and the intensity or pace of each 200m split – around 25 seconds is of a

fast pace. This system produces energy at a slower rate than the PC system.

- The depletion of PC would cause a decline in speed and the build-up of ADP and Pi will

inhibit the actions of the muscle cross bridges leading to a slowing in David’s muscular

contractions.

- The use of the Anaerobic Glycolysis would result in the build-up of Hydrogen ions. At this

high intensity they would be unable to be cleared. This would result in a reduction in Ph

levels that affect the functioning of the glycolytic enzymes to prevent further break-down

of glycogen. The Hydrogen ions also prevent the release of calcium that is essential to

enable the muscles to contract.

- As the aerobic system is predominant and this system produces energy at the slowest rate, it

is expected that the final 200m split will be the slowest because at this time the

multifactorial fatigue factors will be contributing resulting in a decline in speed.

6 marks

c. As the 800m event will use the Anaerobic Glycolysis system as a significant energy system

provider David Rudisha may use Sodium bicarbonate as a buffering agent. The ingestion of

sodium bicarbonate allows H+ to leave the muscles at a faster rate, therefore enabling fatigue

caused through the build-up of H+ to be delayed or enabling the athlete to continue to use the

anaerobic glycolysis system for a longer period of time.

2 marks

d. - Gastric upsets

- Nausea

- Diarrhoea

1 mark

Total

10 marks

Question 5

a. Could choose:

- High GI food consumption

- Active recovery

- Ice vests to reduce core body temperature

- massage

- static stretching

- rehydration

3 marks

b. Examples:

- Active Recovery would enable hydrogen ions to be oxidised at a faster rate and as a result

the player would enter the second match with a reduced level of toxic by-products, and an

active recovery would prevent venous pooling and thus accelerate the return of blood to the

heart enabling further removal of toxic by-products

- Wearing an ice vest would reduce core body temperature. The reduction in core body

temperature would reduce oxygen debt and allow for greater quantities of blood to be

directed to muscle tissue to enable a more rapid recovery for the player.

- Ingesting High GI foods would rapidly replace glycogen lost in game 1. High GI foods are

rapidly absorbed into the body. This would ensure that at the beginning of the second match

the player had refuelled the muscle stores, enabling glycogen to be readily available to

produce high intensity efforts that require glycogen as the fuel.

2 marks

Total

5 marks

Page 6: ACHPER PE Unit 3&4 Trial Exam 2012 answers

2012 PHYSED Units 3 & 4 SOLUTION PATHWAY

Page 6

Question 6

a. Rapid reduction of body weight through urination / Mask the use of anabolic steroids.

1 mark

b Cardiac arrhythmia / Dehydration / Cramps / Muscle injury (strain)/ Kidney failure.

1 mark

c. i. - Scientific or medical evidence, pharmacological effect or experience that the substance or

practice (by itself or used with other practices or substances) has the potential to enhance,

or does enhance sport performance

- Scientific or medical evidence, pharmacological effect or experience that the use of the

substance or practice represents an actual or potential health risk to an athlete

- WADA’s determination that use of the substance or practice violates the spirit of sport as

described in the code

2 marks

c. ii. - Refusal to submit a sample or evading sample collection

- Failure to supply whereabouts or missed tests

- Tampering or attempted tampering with any part of the doping control process

- Possession of a banned substance or method

- Trafficking or attempted trafficking of a banned substance or method

- Administration or attempted administration to an athlete of a banned substance or method,

including assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting or covering up of an anti-doping rule

violation

1 mark

d. Role 1:

- Aims to ensure that the pure spirit of sport remains in play through regulation and

enforcement of the anti-doping policy

Role 2:

- Educate athletes and the community regarding the anti-doping policy in place in Australia.

2 marks

Total

7 marks

Question 7

a. Magnussen Poort 8 marks

Type of Interval Training Short or intermediate Interval

training

Long Interval Training

Aim of Training Method To increase lactate tolerance To increase LIP or to increase

VO2max/Aerobic capacity

Recommended W:R ratio Short interval 1:5+

Intermediate 1:2 or 1:3

1:1 or larger; that is 2:1; 3:1 etc.

Provide a different example of

how overload could be applied to

each swimmer

Increase reps or sets

Increase intensity ie intermediate

interval from 90 to 95% intensity.

Decrease rest; though must be

careful to work within appropriate

W:R ratios

Increase reps or sets

Increase intensity ie from 85 to 88%

intensity

Decrease rest; though must be

careful to work within appropriate

W:R ratios

b. All three energy systems contribute to energy system for both events. In the 100m the

anaerobic glycolysis system will dominate while in the 1500m the aerobic system will

dominate. The anaerobic glycolysis system has a faster rate of ATP production than the aerobic

energy system and will therefore enable a higher average speed for the event.

3 marks

Total

11 marks

Page 7: ACHPER PE Unit 3&4 Trial Exam 2012 answers

2012 PHYSED Units 3 & 4 SOLUTION PATHWAY

Page 7

Question 8

a. Fitness Component Define the fitness

component

Appropriate

Fitness test

Training method to

be used 8 marks

Health-related Aerobic capacity

The total amount of

energy obtainable

from the aerobic

energy system (ie

energy produced in

the presence of

oxygen), (VCAA,

2010, p. 35).

Cooper’s 12 min test

Beep Test

VO2 max treadmill

Continuous

Fartlek

Long Interval

Local muscular end The ability of a

muscle or group of

muscles to sustain

repeated

contractions against

a resistance for an

extended period of

time (VCAA, 2010,

p.36).

Push ups: 30 sec. or

60 sec.

Curl ups: 60 max @

20/min

Sit ups: 5 min 100

max, 60 sec max

Continuous

Fartlek

Long Interval

Intermediate interval

Circuit

Muscular strength The muscle’s ability

to generate force

against an object,

(VCAA, 2010, p.36)

Dynamometers=Grip

strength

Weight/resistance

Circuit

Skill-related Muscular power The ability of a

muscle or muscle

group to exert a

maximum amount of

force in the shortest

period of time,

(VCAA, 2010, p.

36).

- Vertical Jump

- Standing long

jump

- Seated basketball

throw

Weight/ resistance

Circuit

Plyometrics

Speed The rate of motion,

(VCAA, 2010,

p.36).

15m or 20-50m Intermediate interval

Sort interval

Speed

Circuit

Plyometrics

Reaction time How quickly the

body can react to

external stimuli.

Ruler drop test Speed

Co-ordination Hand-eye and foot-

eye coordination

responding to the

nervous system

sending messages to

the skeletal/

muscular system.

Alternate hand wall

toss

Weight Training

Circuit

Page 8: ACHPER PE Unit 3&4 Trial Exam 2012 answers

2012 PHYSED Units 3 & 4 SOLUTION PATHWAY

Page 8

b. The answer must include data from the stimulus and correctly match it up to the fitness

component, fitness test and appropriate training method.

An example could be that Michael Clarke faced 468 balls (1 mark), he would require well

developed local muscular endurance (1 mark) of the upper body to continuously face this many

balls in a game. A fitness test that would be most appropriate to test local muscular endurance

is the 60 second push up test, as it is testing the upper body as opposed to other fitness tests of

local muscular endurance. (1 mark) A training method that could be used to improve or

maintain local muscular endurance of the upper body is a circuit that focuses on the upper body

(1 mark).

Another example could be that Michael Clarke has batted for 622 minutes over two days, this

could be linked in discussion to aerobic capacity, a VO2 Max test (or similar), and Long Fartlek

training.

1 mark for using data, 1 mark for correctly linking to the appropriate fitness component, 1 mark

for correct link to fitness test and 1 mark for link to training method.

4 marks

c. Breathing Control- especially prior to reaching milestones such as 100’s or 50’s.

Mental imagery- imagine themselves successfully performing a skill during play to keep

focused and get ready for the next stage of play.

2 marks

Total

14 marks

Question 9

a. Area A is showing Oxygen Deficit. Area A is showing the contribution from the 2 anaerobic

energy systems. Anaerobic energy is required at the beginning of the event as the body is

incapable of supplying oxygen to the muscles immediately and as a result there is a “lag” in

time before the body can produce aerobic energy. Therefore in order for ATP resynthesis to

occur early in the1500m race the anaerobic systems must be utilised.

2 marks

b. Lactate Inflection Point reflects the balance between lactate entry into and removal from the

blood. As exercise intensities beyond this point increase, lactate production will exceed lactate

removal.

1 mark

c. At Point B the athlete would have reached their Lactate Inflection Point. The athlete would

need to time their run perfectly to run beyond their L.I.P as they concluded the race. The athlete

would need to ensure that L.I.P. wasn't reached too early or they would have to drop their

intensity which may compromise their finishing time.

It is also likely that an athlete that can buffer H+ would also be advantaged as they can make

greater use of the anaerobic glycolysis system in the later part of the event as having a larger

anaerobic capacity would also assist a 1500m athlete.

2 marks

d. An aerobically fit athlete would have a smaller oxygen debt than an untrained subject as they

would be able to restore muscle fuels, metabolise lactate/H+ and replace oxygen to myoglobin

more rapidly- So being Aerobically fit would reduce the size of Area C.

2 marks

Total

7 marks

Page 9: ACHPER PE Unit 3&4 Trial Exam 2012 answers

2012 PHYSED Units 3 & 4 SOLUTION PATHWAY

Page 9

Question 10

The National Heart Foundation is responsible for the delivery and promotion of Jump Rope for

Heart. This initiative involves students and teachers in schools across Australia training and preparing

for a day of skipping. It encourages physical activity to continue beyond the event as registrations are

given skipping ropes to ensure practice and involvement in the activity is accessible. Other answers

could include, Heartmoves or Walking.

VicHealth offers funding and support to local sporting clubs, local council and other community

groups to encourage physical activity. One initiative is funding active transport such as Streets Ahead

or Victoria Walks. Victoria Walks aims to empower people to walk with information about how to get

started and how to access the activity within their local council area. It encourages physical activity by

ensuring activities are available for people of Victoria to access.

4 marks

Total

4 marks

Question 11

a. Training principles evident in weeks 1 to 6 include:

- Specificity as the continuous training would replicate the cross-country event

- Duration as each training session has a nominated time period

- Overload as the continuous session held on a Monday is increased in weeks two and four

- Frequency as Gertrude is training Monday, Wednesday and Friday

2 marks

b. Training principles evident in weeks 8 & 9 include:

- Frequency (or Maintenance) as Gertrude is training twice per week to maintain previous

improvements

- Variety as Gertrude has introduced either/or both Pilates, cycling and a pool session to her

training regime

1 mark

c. The introduction of maintenance will allow Gertrude to maintain previously gained chronic

adaptations. Therefore when she resumes her usual training she will be in a better physiological

condition to improve on her previous performances.

The introduction of variety may enable her to psychologically refresh, enabling her to approach

her return to normal training with increased vigour, as well as allowing extra time for her body

to recover physiologically.

2 marks

Total

5 marks

Question 12

a. Lean meat, fish / seafood, poultry, eggs, soy products, lentils, legumes, dairy products, seeds /

grains

2 marks

b. Repair of body tissues, such as strained muscle fibres (eg. due to DOMS), regeneration of rbc,

etc.

- Production of hormones & antibodies to enhance the immune system

- Production of enzymes (glycolytic, oxidative & ATPase) to speed up energy production.

- When taken in combination with CHO, enhances insulin response leading to a more

efficient restoration of glycogen stores.

2 marks

c. Used in extended duration exercise, such as a marathon or extended duration triathlons and in

extreme cases of malnutrition or anorexia.

1 mark

d. The production of ATP using protein uses a greater amount of oxygen and has more complex

chemical reactions, leading to a reduction in performance. Breaking down protein essentially

means the body must break down muscle tissue (the form in which protein is stored) which

leads to further reduction in performance.

2 marks

Total

7 marks

Page 10: ACHPER PE Unit 3&4 Trial Exam 2012 answers

2012 PHYSED Units 3 & 4 SOLUTION PATHWAY

Page 10

Question 13

a. Training Method 1:

- Each set has lasted close to an hour or longer, with the game totalling 353 minutes therefore

aerobic power would need to be trained. A training method could be Continuous or long

interval.

Training Method 2:

- The game has gone for five sets continuously hitting a ball for over 5 hours, local muscular

endurance would be required, therefore training methods to be used could include

continuous, long interval, intermediate interval or circuit.

Other training methods that could be discussed with relevant data from the stimulus

information include; Resistance training with heavier racquet, speed, agility, muscular power.

4 marks

b. Muscular adaption:

- Muscular increase a-vO2 difference means more oxygen can be extracted by working

muscles can be extracted by working muscles and increased surrounding capillaries will

further support this process. Other adaptations include increase mitochondria (size,

number), increase glycogen stores.

Cardiovascular:

- Playing 5 sets would require increased haemoglobin to get more oxygen to working

muscles more often. Others include increased ventricle size, decrease in recovery heart

rates, increased plasma levels, increased red blood count, increased blood volume.

For each response a correct chronic adaption must be linked to the stimulus material to receive

the 4 marks.

4 marks

Total

8 marks

Question 14

a. - Speed as the aim is to get from one base to the other as quickly as possible

- Anaerobic Capacity to enable the person to generate as much ATP via the anaerobic

systems as possible

- Muscular Power to be able to generate explosive force while accelerating from the home

plate

2 marks

b. Limiting factors for speed include:

- Age; speed generally declines after the age of 30

- Gender; males generally exhibit more speed than females

- Fibre type; Fast twitch fibres produce more speed than slow twitch fibres

Limiting factors for anaerobic capacity include:

- Age; anaerobic capacity generally declines with age

- Gender; males generally exhibit greater anaerobic capacity than females

- Fibre type; Fast twitch fibres compliments anaerobic capacity more than slow twitch fibres

Limiting factors for muscular power include:

- Age; muscular power generally declines after the age of 30

- Gender; males generally exhibit greater muscular power than females

- Fibre type; Fast twitch fibres are able to generate greater muscular power than slow twitch

fibres

1 mark

c. Each test should be related back to specificity ie:

- Speed is a critical component of softball as players must try and reach the base before the

fielding side can “run them out”.

- A higher Anaerobic Capacity will enable the player to reach more bases in a shorter time as

the anaerobic energy systems produce ATP at the fastest rate

- Muscular Power is vital to ensure the player can reach near maximal speeds as quickly as

possible.

2 marks

Page 11: ACHPER PE Unit 3&4 Trial Exam 2012 answers

2012 PHYSED Units 3 & 4 SOLUTION PATHWAY

Page 11

d. Reasons for including fitness testing prior to implementing a training program include:

- Determining strengths and weaknesses of various fitness components

- Establishing a baseline to measure the effectiveness of a training program

- Help to determine team positions

- Improving motivation to complete a training program

- Predicting the potential of future performers

2 marks

Total

7 marks

End of Answer Book