ADP, ATP and ADP, ATP and Cellular Cellular

RespirationRespiration

What Is ATP?What Is ATP?

Energy used by all CellsEnergy used by all Cells

Adenosine TriphosphateAdenosine Triphosphate

Organic molecule containing Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bondshigh-energy Phosphate bonds

Chemical Structure of Chemical Structure of ATPATP

3 Phosphates

Ribose Sugar

Adenine Base

What Does ATP Do for What Does ATP Do for You?You?

It supplies YOU withIt supplies YOU with ENERGY!ENERGY!

How Do We Get Energy How Do We Get Energy From ATP?From ATP?

By breaking the By breaking the high- energy high- energy bonds between bonds between the the last two last two phosphates in ATPphosphates in ATP

Done by a process Done by a process called called

HYDROLYSIS HYDROLYSIS (Adding H(Adding H22O)O)

ATP Can be Re-Made?ATP Can be Re-Made?

Called ATP Called ATP SynthetaseSynthetase

When ATP is used it becomes ADP (diphosphate

(2 phosphates)

ATP can be remade by using an enzyme to reattach a Phosphate, priming it for energy release once more

When is ATP Made in When is ATP Made in the Body?the Body?

During a During a Process Process called called Cellular Cellular RespirationRespiration that takes that takes place in both place in both Plants & Plants & AnimalsAnimals

Overall Equation for Overall Equation for Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H220 + 36-380 + 36-38ATP’sATP’s

CC66HH1212OO6 6 + 6O+ 6O22

YIELDSYIELDS

Where Does Cellular Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?Respiration Take Place?

It actually It actually takes place takes place in two parts in two parts of the cell:of the cell:

GlycolysisGlycolysis occurs in the occurs in the CytoplasmCytoplasmKrebs Cycle & Krebs Cycle & ETCETC Take Take place place in the in the MitochondriaMitochondria

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration FactsFacts

2 Pathways (aerobic / anaerobic)2 Pathways (aerobic / anaerobic)Metabolic PathwayMetabolic Pathway that breaks that breaks

down carbohydratesdown carbohydratesHigh-energy Glucose is broken into High-energy Glucose is broken into

COCO22 and H and H22OO

Breakdown of one glucose can Breakdown of one glucose can result in result in 36 to 38 ATP36 to 38 ATP moleculesmolecules

What are the Stages of Cellular What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?Respiration?

IF LITTLE OXYGEN IS AVALIABLE IN CELLIF LITTLE OXYGEN IS AVALIABLE IN CELL:: Glycolysis (anaerobic)Glycolysis (anaerobic) The Krebs Cycle (anaerobic)The Krebs Cycle (anaerobic)(INEFFICIENT ATP PRODUCTION 2-4 ATP)(INEFFICIENT ATP PRODUCTION 2-4 ATP)

IF OXYGEN IS AVALIABLE IN CELLIF OXYGEN IS AVALIABLE IN CELL:: The Electron Transport Chain (aerobic)The Electron Transport Chain (aerobic)(MORE EFFICIENT ATP PRODUCTION 34 ATP)(MORE EFFICIENT ATP PRODUCTION 34 ATP)

Glycolysis Glycolysis SummarySummary

•Takes place in the Takes place in the Cytoplasm (anaerobic)Cytoplasm (anaerobic)

•Requires input of Requires input of 2 ATP to split glucose in 2 ATP to split glucose in PyruvatePyruvate (Also produces (Also produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP)2 NADH and 4 ATP)

•If If somesome Oxygen is availableOxygen is available Pyruvate goes Pyruvate goes into into Krebs cycleKrebs cycle

•If If No OxygenNo Oxygen is available Pyruvate is is available Pyruvate is fermentedfermented

GlycolysiGlycolysis s

DiagramDiagram

FermentationFermentation

Occurs when OOccurs when O22 NOT present NOT present (anaerobic)(anaerobic)

Called Called Lactic AcidLactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells fermentation in muscle cells (makes (makes muscles tiredmuscles tired))

Nets only 2 ATP Also Creates Nets only 2 ATP Also Creates Lactic AcidLactic Acid

Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle SummarySummary

Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)

series of oxidation reactions that series of oxidation reactions that givegive off off COCO22 and produce and produce one ATP per cycleone ATP per cycle

Two cycles per glucose moleculeTwo cycles per glucose molecule ((Each glucose molecule yields two ATPEach glucose molecule yields two ATP))

Takes place in Takes place in matrix of mitochondriamatrix of mitochondria

Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle

ATP

NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADHNETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH22, & 2CO, & 2CO22

Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain SummarySummary

34 ATP34 ATP Produced ProducedHH22OO Produced ProducedOccurs Across Occurs Across Inner Inner

Mitochondrial membraneMitochondrial membraneFar more efficient than Krebs Far more efficient than Krebs

cycle or Fermentationcycle or Fermentation

ATP PRODUCTION REQUIRED TO POWER

CELL

O2 abundant

Shortage of O2

Electron transport chain

Glycolosis

Krebs cycle

Fermentation

Efficient ATP production

Inefficient ATP production

ATP PRODUCTION REQUIRED TO POWER

CELL

O2 abundant

Shortage of O2

Electron transport chain

Glycolosis

Krebs cycle Fermentatio

n

Efficient ATP production

Inefficient ATP production