Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
ADSL
coax
Gigabit
Ethernet
Fiber
wireless
VDSL
SDSL
Optical
NetworkIntegrated Access SolutionsIntegrated Access Solutions
-- Digital Digital Darkhorses Darkhorses --
JangJang--Rai RohRai Roh
Product PlanningProduct Planning
www.www.telliontellion.com.com
2
DefinitionDefinition
Convergence with voice (, video) Convergence with voice (, video) and data on a common transport and data on a common transport from the usersfrom the users’’ premises to service premises to service
providers providers
Higher performancew/lower cost
Lower costw/higher performance
Access Loop
Last mileAccess barr iers
First mileAccess barr iers
C O / P O P
Core Network
P O P
Access Networks
3
I Will Talk AboutI Will Talk About ……
nn A variety of protocols and mediaA variety of protocols and media ……nn To reduce the technology risk of the transition To reduce the technology risk of the transition
from a circuitfrom a circuit--oriented to an emerging data centricoriented to an emerging data centric
nn Trends/Opportunities in Access NetworksTrends/Opportunities in Access Networksnn Technical issuesTechnical issues
nn Technical and market trendsTechnical and market trends
nn Market Migration toward Integrated Access Market Migration toward Integrated Access NetworksNetworksnn To support integration of IP, ATM and lambda in To support integration of IP, ATM and lambda in
economic mannereconomic manner
4
Issues of Integrated AccessIssues of Integrated Access
nn Mismatch of access networks with current Mismatch of access networks with current requirementsrequirementsnn Lack of bandwidthLack of bandwidth
nn Lack of installation, use and maintenanceLack of installation, use and maintenance
nn Cost competition of the access networksCost competition of the access networksnn To secure economic feasibilityTo secure economic feasibility
nn Performance/architectural competition of the access Performance/architectural competition of the access networksnetworksnn To make optimal for differentiated servicesTo make optimal for differentiated services
nn To change into more economic architectures, interfaces, To change into more economic architectures, interfaces, protocols for IPprotocols for IP--centric access networkscentric access networks
nn But, too many candidates being availableBut, too many candidates being available ……
5
Integrated Access AlternativesIntegrated Access Alternatives
nn Existing copperExisting coppernn DSLDSL
nn ATM or packet modeATM or packet mode
nn Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC)Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC)nn RF shared, RF shared, FTTxFTTx
nn FTTxFTTxnn FTTH/FTTC/FTTB/FTTO/FTTDFTTH/FTTC/FTTB/FTTO/FTTD
nn TDM, ATM or IP/EthernetTDM, ATM or IP/Ethernet
nn WirelessWirelessnn Fixed or mobileFixed or mobile
nn PTP or PTMPPTP or PTMP
nn Hybrid wire & wirelessHybrid wire & wireless
6
xDSLxDSL
7
xDSL xDSL TechnologiesTechnologies
nn ADSLADSL
nn VDSLVDSL
nn SDSL/SHDSLSDSL/SHDSL
nn OthersOthers
8
Issues in Issues in xDSLxDSL
nn CPE autoCPE auto--configuration, retail availabilityconfiguration, retail availability
nn Automatic loop qualificationAutomatic loop qualification
nn EndEnd--toto--End flow through End flow through provisioingprovisioing
nn InteroperabilityInteroperability
nn Voice over DSLVoice over DSL
nn ShortShort--term migrationterm migration
nn LongLong--term migrationterm migration
9
OpenDSLOpenDSL
nn Open, plugOpen, plug--andand--play architecture for the automated play architecture for the automated configuration of DSL CPEconfiguration of DSL CPEnn Proxy element function architectureProxy element function architecture
nn OpenDSL OpenDSL CPE architectureCPE architecture
IDSLC P E
A D S L / S D S LC P E
CommandResponder
Modif icationOriginator
P roxyForwarder
MMI
AAL5 U D P
Local Data Share
DSLC P EE M S
Instrumentation
Default Context MMI Context
Transports
SNMP Eng i n e
S N M PApplications
MIB
Proxy Element FunctionProxy Element Function
CommandResponder
Modif icationOriginator
MMI
Configuration
Instrumentation
Modem Context MMI Context
Transports
SNMP Eng i n e
S N M PApplications
MIB
DSL CPEDSL CPE
10
VoDSL VoDSL : Today & Tomorrow: Today & Tomorrow
nn ShortShort--term architectureterm architecturenn Broadband loop emulation service using AAL2Broadband loop emulation service using AAL2
nn ArchitectureArchitecture
nn AAL2 enabled CPEAAL2 enabled CPE
nn DSLAM providing ATM cell multiplexingDSLAM providing ATM cell multiplexing
nn VoDSL VoDSL gatewaygateway
nn LongLong--term architectureterm architecturenn Converging data and voice over IPConverging data and voice over IP
nn Architecture Architecture
nn VoDSL VoDSL gateway would be integrated into the DSLAMgateway would be integrated into the DSLAM
nn New signaling and control switching used by Media Gateway New signaling and control switching used by Media Gateway Control Protocol and MEGACOP/H.248Control Protocol and MEGACOP/H.248
11
Issues in Issues in xDSLxDSL
nn ADSL IssuesADSL Issuesnn SelfSelf--configurationconfiguration
nn Installation and maintenanceInstallation and maintenance
nn Performance issuesPerformance issues
nn Warm/fast restart, Quiescent modeWarm/fast restart, Quiescent mode
nn Dynamic rate adaptation, Out of service testingDynamic rate adaptation, Out of service testing
nn Revised/expanded bit swapping, Clip scalingRevised/expanded bit swapping, Clip scaling
nn RFI ingress/egress, Concatenated RFI ingress/egress, Concatenated convolutionalconvolutional codecode
nn VDSL issuesVDSL issuesnn Line codes, Spectral compatibilityLine codes, Spectral compatibility
nn Backward interoperability with ADSLBackward interoperability with ADSL
nn PositioningPositioning
12
xDSL xDSL StandardizationStandardization
nn ADSLADSL--ForumForum
nn FSANFSAN
nn ITUITU--TT
nn ANSIANSI
nn ETSIETSI
nn VDSL Coalition VDSL Coalition
nn VDSL AllianceVDSL Alliance
nn OpenDSLOpenDSL
13
Convergence IssuesConvergence Issues
nn VoDSLVoDSLnn DSL DSL VoBVoB(Voice over Broadband) and (Voice over Broadband) and VoIPVoIP
nn BLES architectureBLES architecture
nn AAL2 for voice AAL2 for voice packetizingpacketizing fine for today, not for tomorrowfine for today, not for tomorrow
nn Smart & intelligent DSLAMSmart & intelligent DSLAMnn Embedded access serverEmbedded access server
nn Optical networkingOptical networkingnn Optical UNIOptical UNI
nn MPLS based signaling & controlMPLS based signaling & control
nn Converging connectionConverging connection--based forwarding techniques & IP based forwarding techniques & IP routing protocolsrouting protocols
14
HFCHFC
15
Cable NetworksCable Networks
nn InfrastructureInfrastructurenn CATV, HFC, FTTC, SDVCATV, HFC, FTTC, SDV
nn TransportTransportnn QAM, FEC, MPEGQAM, FEC, MPEG--2, QPSK, Ingress2, QPSK, Ingress
nn Set Top BoxSet Top Boxnn Analog, DigitalAnalog, Digital
nn Cable ModemsCable Modemsnn Telephony, Return ChannelTelephony, Return Channel
nn Standards & ProjectsStandards & Projectsnn DOCSISDOCSISTMTM, , OpenCableOpenCableTMTM, , PacketCablePacketCableTMTM, ICNA, ICNA
nn CableHome CableHome Spec. released in 00Q1Spec. released in 00Q1
16
Issues in the Cable NetworksIssues in the Cable Networks
nn QoSQoS: One HFC Network, Multiple Revenue : One HFC Network, Multiple Revenue StreamsStreamsnn Converging voice, data and video; Converging voice, data and video; VoBVoB
nn Subscriber management and Billing Subscriber management and Billing Requirements for Advanced Cable ServicesRequirements for Advanced Cable Servicesnn Contents delivery and intelligent provisioningContents delivery and intelligent provisioning
nn Advanced Transport Architectures: Advanced Transport Architectures: Sustaining the Broadband Performance Edge Sustaining the Broadband Performance Edge and Accessand Accessnn FiberFiber--rich and WDM architecturerich and WDM architecture
17
Cable Transport NetworksCable Transport Networks
nn MultiMulti--service access for multiple revenue streamsservice access for multiple revenue streams
• MPLS is:- An extention of IP - A media independent replacement for ATM signaling- A new control plane for non-packet capable devices
18
Cable Transport NetworkCable Transport Network
nn Opportunities beyond bestOpportunities beyond best--effort data serviceseffort data services
Point of ConvergencePoint of Convergence
TDMTDMATMATMPOSPOSMPLSMPLS
19
Advanced Transport ArchitecturesAdvanced Transport Architectures
nn Forward path designsForward path designsnn 1310nm/1550nm distributed feed1310nm/1550nm distributed feed
nn 13010nm/1550nm ring13010nm/1550nm ring
nn 1550nm with EDFA Amp1550nm with EDFA Amp
nn 1310nm/1550 nm with 1310nm repeat1310nm/1550 nm with 1310nm repeat
nn Broadcast with CWDMBroadcast with CWDM
nn Return path designsReturn path designsnn TDM return path transmitter to return path receiver repeatTDM return path transmitter to return path receiver repeat
nn TDM utilizing DWDMTDM utilizing DWDM
20
Cable StandardizationCable Standardization
nn CableLabsCableLabs
nn ANSI/SCTEANSI/SCTE
21
OpenCableOpenCableTMTM
InternetContent
V i deo
Content
OtherContent
Condi t iona l
A c c e s s
S y s t em
H e a d e n d
OtherH e a d e n d
P O DModu le(s )
OpenCableOpenCable
DeviceDevice
Compat i b l e
D e v i c e s
Other
D e v i c e s
Cable Network
Po in t Of Dep loyment
N T S C R F
B a s e b a n d Audio/V ideo
I EEE 1394 D O C S I S
Q A M 6 4 / 2 5 6
Q P S K
8 6 0 M H z
Do lby
A C - 3
Ana log , M P E G- 2
22
PacketCablePacketCableTMTM
nn PacketCable PacketCable 1.0/1.2 Architecture1.0/1.2 Architecture
M A N A G E D I PInterProvider
N E T W O R K
C M T S
C M T S
MTA
MTA
C M SBorderP roxy
H F C
H F C
M S OBackbone
Packe tCab l e Zone
C M T S
C M T S
MTA
MTA
C M SBorderP roxy
H F C
H F C
M S OBackbone
Packe tCab l e Zone
C M T S
C M T S
MTA
MTA
C M SBorderP roxy
H F C
H F C
M S OBackbone
Packe tCab l e Zone
PacketCablePacketCable DomainDomain
PacketCablePacketCable DomainDomain
(DOCS IS )
BorderGateway
BorderGateway
BorderGateway
P S T N Meid iaGateway
23
HFC AllianceHFC Alliance
nn Management and Control Interoperability AllianceManagement and Control Interoperability Alliancenn To specify a robust protocol suite to support cost effective To specify a robust protocol suite to support cost effective
interoperability of management systems for evolving HFC networksinteroperability of management systems for evolving HFC networks
nn SCTE Engineering subcommitteesSCTE Engineering subcommitteesnn DSS: Data StandardsDSS: Data Standards
nn CAP: Cable Applications PlatformCAP: Cable Applications Platform
nn DVS: Digital VideoDVS: Digital Video
nn HMS: Hybrid ManagementHMS: Hybrid Management
nn IPS: Interface Practices and InIPS: Interface Practices and In--Home CablingHome Cabling
nn EAS: Emergency Alert SystemEAS: Emergency Alert System
nn NES: National Electrical SafetyNES: National Electrical Safety
nn CMS: Construction and MaintenanceCMS: Construction and Maintenance
nn MMS: Material and ManagementMMS: Material and Management
24
EthernetEthernet
25
Ethernet IssuesEthernet Issues
nn Ethernet in the Last Mile Ethernet in the Last Mile
nn Extends the reach of EthernetExtends the reach of Ethernetnn Local loop up to 1Km or 1.5KmLocal loop up to 1Km or 1.5Km
nn Shared media to starShared media to star--wired topology w/full duplex linkswired topology w/full duplex links
nn Picture of endPicture of end--toto--end Ethernetend Ethernet
nn Reduces costReduces costnn Eliminating protocol conversionsEliminating protocol conversions
nn High volume of Ethernet componentsHigh volume of Ethernet components
nn Broad knowledge base and Broad knowledge base and labour labour poolpool
$2$2KK--$6K$6K$6$6KK--$35K$35K$8$8KK--$40K$40KElectronicsElectronics
$2$2KK$5$5KK$5$5KKLaborLabor
IP/EthernetIP/EthernetIP /SONETIP /SONETIP /ATM/SONETIP /ATM/SONETCategoriesCategories
Cost metrics for IP over various protocolsSource: Nortel Networks, Aug. 2000
(unit: per Mbps)
26
Ethernet IssuesEthernet Issues
nn Ethernet To The SubscribersEthernet To The Subscribersnn Converging data, voice and video(up to HDTV resolutions) over IPConverging data, voice and video(up to HDTV resolutions) over IP
nn End to end Ethernet End to end Ethernet
Edge/Access GatewayMetro Core(Ultra)Long-haul Core
L3 SW
G b EG b E
L3 SW L3 SW
G b E
We want We want ……
unified LAN/WAN unified LAN/WAN PMDsPMDs
W A N P H Y
M A C
Un ive r sa l PMD In te r face
L A N P H Y
SerialP M D
C W D MP M D
OtherP M D
XGMII
Prem i sesEthernet(10/100BASE)
27
Ethernet IssuesEthernet Issues
nn GigEGigE/10GigE or SONET/SDH ?/10GigE or SONET/SDH ?nn Infrastructure issuesInfrastructure issues
nn A seamless extension of the LAN into the WANA seamless extension of the LAN into the WAN
nn Cost issuesCost issues
nn Cost per port and labor cost saving due to the native Cost per port and labor cost saving due to the native protocol of data services for the internetprotocol of data services for the internet
nn Revenue issuesRevenue issues
nn Competitive price Competitive price vsvs performanceperformance
nn Management issuesManagement issues
nn Shorter time to provisionShorter time to provision
nn Topology issuesTopology issuesnn Ring, Bus, MeshRing, Bus, Mesh
nn PONPON
28
Ethernet IssuesEthernet Issues
nn Ethernet WAN standardEthernet WAN standardnn Inband Inband management like SONET/SDHmanagement like SONET/SDH
nn Remote Remote loopback loopback like DSU/CSUlike DSU/CSU
nn Built in BER management objectsBuilt in BER management objects
nn Restoration and protectionRestoration and protection
nn Topology agnosticTopology agnostic
nn SP administered VLAN tagsSP administered VLAN tags
nn Granular bandwidth for Granular bandwidth for subrate subrate provisioningprovisioning
nn Traffic management and classificationTraffic management and classification
nn Discard eligible for over subscriptionDiscard eligible for over subscription
nn Full duplex onlyFull duplex only
nn SONET/SDH friendlySONET/SDH friendly
29
Cus tomerP rem i se sEqu ipments
Access Loop
First mileAccess barr ie rs
Last mileAccess barr ie rs
C O / P O P
Core Network
P O P
Access Networks
Ethernet End Point FunctionsEthernet End Point Functions
nn CO/POPCO/POPn WAN connectivity to backbone, Traffic concentration
n Offloads, Management interface for access loop
nn CPECPEn Manageable edge access, Demarcation point
n Traffic grooming and service Provisioning
Demarcat ionpoint
30
10 10 Gigabit EthernetGigabit EthernetUpper Layers
MAC Contro l (opt iona l )
Med ia Access Con t ro l (MAC)
Reconc i l ia t ion
Phys ica l Cod ing Sub layer( P C S )
Phys i ca l Med ium At tachment(PMA)
Phys i ca l Med ium Dependent (PMD)
Phys ica l Cod ing Sub layer( P C S )
Phys i ca l Med ium At tachment(PMA)
Phys i ca l Med ium Dependent (PMD)
Med ium Med ium
LAN PHY
W A N P H Y
• 10 G B A S E - L X • 10 G B A S E - R ( S R , L R , E R )
• 1 0 G B A S E - W(SW , LW , EW)
• Medium Type- Shor t Wave length(850nm)
- Long Wave length(1310nm)
- Ext ra Long Wave length(1550nm)
• Coding Scheme- X : LAN(8B/10B)
- R : LAN/WAN(64B /66B )- W : WAN(SONET En cap su l a t e d )
• 802.3 M A C• Packet Length Indication
•PCS(8B/10B o r SLP)
• Frame Encapsulat ion• Scrambler• S O N E T -style Framing• Se rDes
• Optics• Clock recovery
31
Gigabit ApplicationsGigabit Applications
nn Gigabit Internet To The School/HomeGigabit Internet To The School/Homen Very Sparse Mode architecture
www.canet3.net
Wireless internet- MMDS- LMDS
32
Gigabit ApplicationsGigabit Applications
nn Gigabit Internet To The School/HomeGigabit Internet To The School/Homen Sparse Mode architecture
www.canet3.net
33
Gigabit ApplicationsGigabit Applicationsnn Gigabit Internet To The School/HomeGigabit Internet To The School/Home
n GITH Dense Mode architecture
www.canet3.net
Hybrid WDM/TDMAPacket-aware PON
Pedestal router
34
GbEGbE/10GbE Standardization/10GbE Standardization
nn IEEE802IEEE802n IEEE P802.3ae
n RPR SG; Resilient packet ring
nn IETFIETFn IPoPTR; IP over packet transport rings
nn T1X1.5 Optical Hierarchical InterfacesT1X1.5 Optical Hierarchical Interfacesn T1X1.5/99-038 IEEE802.3 MAC frames to SONET payloadn Generic format …carrying Ethernet MAC frames over
SONET
nn OIFOIFn OIF99.138 Generic format …carrying Ethernet MAC frames
over SONET(T1X1.5/99-268 )
35
Optical Access: Optical Access: FTTxFTTx
36
Optical Access TechnologiesOptical Access Technologies
nn Small Business and ResidentialSmall Business and Residential
n Ethernet/HPNA/xDSL-based access
n Last mile issues
nn MidMid--size Businesssize Business
n Ethernet/xDSL-based access
n Last mile & first mile issues
nn Enterprises and Large BusinessEnterprises and Large Business
n 10/100/Gigabit/10G Ethernet-based access
n First mile issues: metro access based on Ethernet native LAN interfaces
37
Issues in Optical AccessIssues in Optical Access
nn Subscriber LoopSubscriber Loop
n PON(TDM, WDM, Packet)
n Multi-service access
n Access Concentrator + Router (L2/L3)
nn Metro AccessMetro Access
n Optical networking(SDH, WDM)
n Optical edge
n IP/SDH, IP/WDM, IP/GbE
n MPLS enabler
38
FSAN/ITUFSAN/ITU--T SolutionT Solution
nn ATMATM--PON/TDMAPON/TDMA
nn DWDMDWDM--PONPON
1550nmDFB Laser
1310nmBurstmodeReceiver
1xNPassiveOpticalPowerSplitter
Receiver
Laser
1310nm Upstream
1550nm Downstream
Receiver
Laser
15xxnm
1310nm...
OLT ONT
Multi-WLLaser(s)
DWDMReceiver
Array
1xN AWG
Receiver
Laser
Upstream
Downstream
Receiver
Laser
λ1
λ17...
OLT ONT
TDMA PON
DWDM PONλ16
λ32
λ1,λ2, … , λ16
λ17,λ18, … , λ32
The layer architecture in PON
OLTODNONT
Trail* in PON physical layer
VP VC
Tc trail or (T-CONT)
39
Ethernet PONEthernet PON
nn Optical IP/Ethernet for FTTH, FTTC and FTTB networksOptical IP/Ethernet for FTTH, FTTC and FTTB networks
nn Upstream multiple access protocol can be extended 10GbEUpstream multiple access protocol can be extended 10GbE
nn Last mile MAC: TDMA or Other(CSMA/CD?)Last mile MAC: TDMA or Other(CSMA/CD?)
nn IP efficiency is good!IP efficiency is good!
OLT
1
2
3
4
N
.
.
.
CO/POP
pass ivesplitter
OpticalNetworkUnit
1 2 3 4 N …
Upst reamMultipleAccess Protoco l
Routing,Swithcing,Firewall, etc.
F(encryption, management, signaling control, etc.)
40
PONs PONs : Today & Tomorrow: Today & Tomorrow
OLT ONT-B
ONT-A
ONT-C
λ2
λ1
λ3
λ2
λ1
λ3
λ2 λ3λ1
CO/POP
OLT ONT-B
ONT-A
ONT-C
B
A
C
B
A
C
B CA
CO/POP
OLT ONT-B
ONT-A
ONT-C
P2
P1
P3
P2
P1
P3
P2 P3P1
CO/POP
TDMA-basedATN-P O N
CSMA/CD-basedPacket-PON
W D M A-basedW D M-P O N
• Line rate: 155Mbps• BW mgt : static-> DBA• WL : CWDM• QoS : ATM• Split : 32• Distance : 20Km• APS : Unprotected
• Line rate: Gigabit• BW mgt : dynamic• WL : CWDM/DWDM• QoS : ATM & IP• Split : > 64• Distance : > 20Km• APS : Protected/Unprotected
• Line rate: nxGigabit• BW mgt : dynamic• WL : DWDM• QoS : ATM & IP• Split : > 64• Distance : > 20Km• APS : Protected/Unprotected
41
Future Integration with Future Integration with OTNsOTNs
nn ConnectionConnection--oriented + Connectionlessoriented + Connectionlessn IP/ATM, IP/PPP/HDLC/SDH, IP/SDL/SDH, IP/WDM
nn Service convergenceService convergencen TDM + ATM + IP
n Voice migration
nn Edge to EdgeEdge to Edgen MPLS, Optical networking
Adaptation & Encapsulation
IP Edge
Multi -service Access
Optical Access
Optical Edge
42
Future Integration with Future Integration with OTNsOTNs
nn Case Study: NGI ONRAMP; A Case Study: NGI ONRAMP; A TTestbedestbed in Boston areain Boston area
nn Access node architectureAccess node architecturen “Big fat router”
n huge router terminating WDM
n Router + O-ADM (SRSO)
n smaller router with opticalswitching
nn LightpathsLightpaths carry IP trafficcarry IP traffic
n access node to gateway without intermediate routers
Opt ica l
L A N
Opt ica l
L A N
A c c e s s
node
B a c k b o n e
network
Distr ibution
networks
F eede rnetwork
Gateway node
Optical ADM
IP Router
W D M IP RouterW D M
43
Future Integration with Future Integration with OTNsOTNs
nn OptoOpto--ElectronicsElectronics
nn ShortShort--Haul Haul MultichannelMultichannel
nn Optical Channel ManagementOptical Channel Management
nn Digital Wrapper Digital Wrapper
nn DPRINGsDPRINGs vs. vs. SPRINGsSPRINGs
nn ASONASON
nn MPL(Label and Lambda)SMPL(Label and Lambda)S
44
StandardizationStandardization
nn ITUITU--TT
nn IETFIETF
nn ODSIODSI
nn OIFOIF
nn FSANFSAN
nn IEEEIEEE
45
WirelessWireless
46
Wireless TechnologiesWireless Technologies
nn Fixed wireless accessFixed wireless accessnn MMDSMMDS
n Operation in 2.1 to 2.7 GHz RF
n Data rates up to 10Mbps
n Up to 35-mile range
n Non LOS requirements
nn LMDSLMDSn Operation in 24 GHz, 28GHz, 31GHz, 38GHz and 40GHz RF
n Data rates up to 155Mbps with 2-mile ranges
n LOS operation
nn Multiple access technologies & duplex methodsMultiple access technologies & duplex methodsn TDMA/FDD, FDMA/TDD, TDMA/TDD
n OFDM, VOFDM
n CDMA/FDD
47
Issues in Wireless AccessIssues in Wireless Access
nn Converging data, voice and videoConverging data, voice and video
nn Data over open air interfaceData over open air interface
nn QoS QoS control & LOScontrol & LOSn Upstream operation
n Robust burst-mode demodulation in severe time-varying and/or delay spread environments
n Higher spectral efficiency
n Downstream operation
n High delay spread and time varying environments
n Dual antenna capability at lower complexity for interference cancellation
48
StandardizationStandardization
nn OFDM ForumOFDM Forumnn 11GHz11GHz
nn Fixed Wireless Access, Road Wireless Access, Wireless LANFixed Wireless Access, Road Wireless Access, Wireless LAN
nn Resolving shortage of CDMAResolving shortage of CDMA
nn ShortShort--link distance, link distance, CoSCoS, Antenna limitations, Antenna limitations
nn Wireless DSL ConsortiumWireless DSL Consortiumnn 2~4GHz BWA (PTMPT)2~4GHz BWA (PTMPT)
nn DOCSISDOCSIS--based MAC, TDMA/FDDbased MAC, TDMA/FDD
nn BWIF (Broadband Wireless Internet Forum)BWIF (Broadband Wireless Internet Forum)nn Vector OFDMVector OFDM
nn Pros : BurstPros : Burst--mode demodulation, Higher spectral efficiencymode demodulation, Higher spectral efficiency
nn Cons :Power amplifier backCons :Power amplifier back--off, Phase noiseoff, Phase noise
nn DOCSISDOCSIS--based MACbased MAC
49
WrapWrap--upup
50
ConclusionConclusion
nn ItIt’’s time to bring broadband home and wires time to bring broadband home and wire--speed speed first milefirst mile ……
nn Bandwidth is no longer a scarce resource, just in a Bandwidth is no longer a scarce resource, just in a view of access view of access technolgytechnolgyn Problem solving approach for enforcing QoS to customers
can be changed
nn ‘‘IPIP--centric provisioning on the optical access centric provisioning on the optical access networksnetworks’’ is an emerging success factoris an emerging success factor ……
n ATM’s lack of acceptance among the new generation service providers
n Standard QoS mechanism for IP will soon emerge …?
