8
ADSL test ADSL testing ADSL tester ADSL installation ADSL maintenance ADSL pocket guide ADSL reference ADSL solution SHDSL test SHDSL testing SHDSL installation SHDSL maintenance SHDSL pocket guide SHDSL reference SHDSL solutions xDSL test, xDSL testing, xDSL installation, xDSL maintenance xDSL tester Figure 1 Reach achieved by different xDSL technologies and Spectral efficiency. IDSL HDSL2 2.5 2 1.5 1 .5 2.5 5.0 7.5 Average Reach Achieved (km) Mbit/s 20 140 4 PSD 1100 400 SDSL ADSL up ADSL down SHDSL POTS Frequency (kHz) Technology Pairs Symmetric POTS Standard ADSL 1 or 2 No Yes G.992.1, G.992.2, ANSI TI.413.2 HDSL 1 or 2 Yes No T1.418 IDSL 1 Yes No I.430, I.431 SDSL 1 Yes No None SHDSL 1 or 2 Yes No G.991.2 Figure 2 Technologies comparison. AuroraPresto A multi-layer xDSL tester developed to pro- vide all the features necessary for a techni- cian to install, maintain and troubleshoot Asym- metric and Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Lines and services. Its flexi- ble build architecture allows different modem types, as well as data interfaces and ana- logue test functions including TDR, DMM, ADSL, SHDSL, ATM, IP, PPP, HTTP and inter- net download test. AuroraTango Multi-technology Per- sonal Test Assistant Platform for simple, fast and effective testing of ADSL, SHDSL, ISDN and GbE. It can oper- ate in both One-button mode and Expert mode by using pre-defined test scripts and parame- ters. A PDA provides an intuitive graphical menu structure for testing and workflow organization. Bluetooth interface pro- vides Tango wireless access and host inde- pendent test. AuroraForte A powerful tool for the Physical, ATM and IP layer operation of ATM circuits. Provides E1, E3, DS1, DS3, ATM25, STM1/OC3 and STM4/ OC12connectivity for unparalleled multi-cir- cuit testing ATM, xDSL and 3G networks. Phys- ical and ATM BER test- ing is provided. Advanced features, AAL5, OAM, QoS, SVC support and IP Ping over ATM, protocol decoding and remote testing. LT2000 It is a hand-held tester for analogue qualifica- tion of copper pairs. It will determine their suitability for use by xDSL services prior to and during installation and maintenance. ALT2000 This is the right tool for any physical qualifica- tion, monitoring or main- tenance of copper pair subscriber loops. Exten- sive range of analogue measurements for xDSL make it attractive to engineers needing a high-performance ana- lyzer with precision measurements. It includes ultra low noise floor, spectrum ana- lyzer, zero blindspot TDR, DMM, and a col- lection of predefined masks. FlexaNetxDSL A cost-effective solu- tion that provides com- plete loop fault management for Control Centres that support a large number of xDSL installations. Its remote testing capacities include: emulation of equipment at both cen- tral offices and cus- tomer premises, TDR, DMM, an extensive range of analogue mea- surements, spectrum analysis, ATM, PPP, IP and higher level proto- col test. Trend´s xDSL Guide Quick Reference T r e n d C o m m u n i c a t i o n s

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Page 1: ADSL test ADSL testing ADSL tester ADSL installation ADSL ...networking.ringofsaturn.com/Telco/DSL_Quick_Ref.pdf · Bluetooth interface pro-vides Tango wireless ... VCI: Virtual Channel

ADSL test ADSL testing ADSL tester ADSL installation ADSL maintenance ADSL pocket guide ADSL reference ADSL solutionSHDSL test SHDSL testing SHDSL installation SHDSL maintenance SHDSL pocket guide SHDSL reference SHDSL solutions

xDSL test, xDSL testing, xDSL installation, xDSL maintenance xDSL tester

Figure 1 Reach achieved by different xDSL technologies and Spectral efficiency.

IDSL

HDSL2

2.5

2

1.5

1

.5

2.5 5.0 7.5Average Reach Achieved (km)

Mbit/s

20 1404

PSD

1100400

SDSLADSL upADSL downSHDSLPOTS

Frequency (kHz)

Technology Pairs Symmetric POTS StandardADSL 1 or 2 No Yes G.992.1, G.992.2, ANSI TI.413.2HDSL 1 or 2 Yes No T1.418IDSL 1 Yes No I.430, I.431SDSL 1 Yes No NoneSHDSL 1 or 2 Yes No G.991.2

Figure 2 Technologies comparison.

AuroraPrestoA multi-layer xDSL tester developed to pro-vide all the features necessary for a techni-cian to install, maintain and troubleshoot Asym-metric and Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Lines and services. Its flexi-ble build architecture allows different modem types, as well as data interfaces and ana-logue test functions including TDR, DMM, ADSL, SHDSL, ATM, IP, PPP, HTTP and inter-net download test.

AuroraTangoMulti-technology Per-sonal Test Assistant Platform for simple, fast and effective testing of ADSL, SHDSL, ISDN and GbE. It can oper-ate in both One-button mode and Expert mode by using pre-defined test scripts and parame-ters. A PDA provides an intuitive graphical menu structure for testing and workflow organization. Bluetooth interface pro-vides Tango wireless access and host inde-pendent test.

AuroraForteA powerful tool for the Physical, ATM and IP layer operation of ATM circuits. Provides E1, E3, DS1, DS3, ATM25,STM1/OC3 and STM4/OC12connectivity for unparalleled multi-cir-cuit testing ATM, xDSL and 3G networks. Phys-ical and ATM BER test-ing is provided. Advanced features, AAL5, OAM, QoS, SVC support and IP Ping over ATM, protocol decoding and remote testing.

LT2000It is a hand-held tester for analogue qualifica-tion of copper pairs.

It will determine their suitability for use by xDSL services prior to and during installation and maintenance.

ALT2000This is the right tool for any physical qualifica-tion, monitoring or main-tenance of copper pair subscriber loops. Exten-sive range of analogue measurements for xDSL make it attractive to engineers needing a high-performance ana-lyzer with precision measurements. It includes ultra low noise floor, spectrum ana-lyzer, zero blindspot TDR, DMM, and a col-lection of predefined masks.

FlexaNetxDSLA cost-effective solu-tion that provides com-plete loop fault management for Control Centres that support a large number of xDSL installations. Its remote testing capacities include: emulation of equipment at both cen-tral offices and cus-tomer premises, TDR, DMM, an extensive range of analogue mea-surements, spectrum analysis, ATM, PPP, IP and higher level proto-col test.

Trend´s xDSL GuideQuick Reference

Tren

dCom

mun

icat

ions

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SLA

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Wide-bandnetwork

V-C

xTU-CPhys.level

U-C2

POTS or ISDNNarrow-bandnetwork

C Splitter

R Splitter

xTU-RPhys.level

User installation

network

SM SMPOTS/ISDN

U-R2

U-C U-R

T/S

T-R

Figure 3 xDSL Reference model.

Transmission Network

Access Network

User NetworkTerminal

ATMAAL5

ADSL

RFC2684

PPP

ATM ATMAAL5

RFC2684 L2TP

PPP

L2TP

PPP

Gateway NSP

(Internal modem)

LLC

10-BT

MAC

ATMAAL5

xDSL

BridgeRFC2684

10-BT ATMAAL5

PHY

RFC2684

EtherPPOE

PPP

L2TP

10-BT

Ether

PPPoEPPPIP

ATMAAL5

xDSL

RFC2684

PPPLLC

RouterNATPATDHCP

10-BT

MAC

IP

L2TP

PPP

IP

Figure 4 Structure and protocols involved in the xDSL service.

bridge-type

router-type

ATM FR IP

ATM FR

IP...

ATM, FR, IP,...

IPIP

xDSL SDH/PDH SDH/PDH

ATM, FR, IP

ATMAAL5

RFC2684

PPP

ATM ATMAAL5

RFC2684 L2TP

PPP

L2TP

PPP

User DTE xTU-C (DSLAM)

ATM, FR, IP,...

IPIP

xDSL SDH/PDH SDH/PDH

ATM, FR, IP,...

ATMADSL

PPP

IP

ATMxDSL SDH/PDH

L2TP

ATM FR IP

ATMAAL5

RFC2684 L2TP

PPP

ATM, FR, IP,...SDH/PDH

ATMxDSL SDH/PDH

ATMF 25.6 ATMF 25.6

xTU-R

802.3

802.3

internal modem

ATM-25 interface

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Figure 5 ANSI masks for copper qualification.

Noise

Return Loss

Insertion Loss

Longitudinal Balance

Cross Talk

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fast AS0 AS1 AS2 AS3 LS0 LS1 LS2 AEX LEX FEC bytes

sync AS0 AS1 AS2 AS3 LS0 LS1 LS2 AEX LEX FEC bytes

fast LS0 LS1 LS2 LEX FEC bytes sync LS0 LS1 LS2 LEX FEC bytes

Figure 6 ADSL frame models.

Fast Fast data FEC Interleaved data

Fast buffer Interleaved buffer

ADSL Frame

Fast buffer (ATU-C)

Interleaved buffer (ATU-C)

Fast buffer (ATU-R) Interleaved buffer (ATU-R)

(at the constellation coder input) (at the constellation encoder input)

250 µs

Figure 7 Handshake frame format. Messages: MS, MR, CL, CLR, ACK(1), ACK(2), NAK-EF, NAK-NR, NAK-NS, NAK-CD, REQ-MS, REQ-MR, REQ-CLR.

Flag FCS1Message (optional)(optional)Flag=7Ex

Identification Standard info Non-standard info(optional)

Flag Flag Flag Flag FCS1 Flag Flag Flag

Type of message Version number Manufacturer Parameters

Handshake frame

Figure 8 Handshake sessions.

CLR CL

CLR: the ATU-R sends a list with all the operation modes it acceptsCL: the ATU-C responds with a list of modes it acceptsACK: the ATU-R has received the list of modes correctly MS: the ATU-R demands a operation mode ACK: the ATU-C accepts itMS: the ATU-R requires a certain operation modeREQ-MR: the ATU-C wants to select the mode and makes a request for an MR messageMR: the ATU-R requires an MS operation modeMS: the ATU-R demands a certain operation mode ACK: the ATU-R accepts the request

ACK

MS

ACK

MS

REQ

-MR

MR

MS

ACK

ATU-R

ATU-C

t ATU-R

ATU-C

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Figure 9 ATM Cell format according to the ATM Forum.

GFC: General Flow ControlVPI: Virtual Path IdentifierVCI: Virtual Channel IdentifierPT: Payload TypeCL: Cell Loss PriorityHEC: Header Error Control

123456···

53

GFC VPIVPI

VCI

PT CLHEC

Payload

VPIVPI

VCI

PT CLHEC

Payload

UNI Format NNI Format

byte 123456···

53

CS-PDU

SAR-PDU

ATM-PDU

ATM-PDU

ATM-PDU

ATM-PDU

AAL-SAP

PL-SAP

AAL

ATM

Physical

ATM-SAP

AAL-SAP

SAR-PDU

SAR-PDU

SAR-PDU

ATM-SAP

PacketsContinuous

48 bytes

53 bytes

Convergence

Segmentation& reassembly

ATM cells

n bytes

ATM-PDU

ATM-PDU

ATM-PDU

sublayer

Data

Figure 10 Protocol Data Unit (PDU) exchange between ATM layers.

User DataStream

Higher layers

Layer

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Figure 11 AAL2 format.

CPS: Packet Header (3 bytes)

STF: Start Field (1 byte)

CID: Channel Identifier (0 not allowed)LI: Indicates the length of the CPS-SDUUUI: Indications between end users

OSF Indicates the offset where the next CPS packet startsSN: Sequence number (varies between 0 and 1)P: Parity Bit

Padding the payload of an ATM cell with zeros if no channel has information available to send

CPS-SDU

Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4

CID

CPS-SDU CPS-SDU

ATM Cell PayloadHeader

ATM Cell PayloadHeader

CID=x CID=y CID=x CID=xm, n, o, p, ...

m+3, n+3,....

48

53

Size (bytes)

LI UUI HEC0 7 13 18 23 HEC: Header Control Error

CPS-SDU

OSF SN0

Pbits 6 7

CPS-PDU CPS-PDU CPS-PDUCPS-PDU

ATM Cell PayloadHeader

bits

Figure 12 AAL5 format.

PAD: Complements the PDU up to forming a multiple integer of 48 bytes.UU: Allows for transparent data transmission between AAL5 extremes.CPI: Aligns the PDU in 64 bitsLI: Data sizeCRC: G(x) = x32+ x26+ x23+ x22+ x16+ x12+ x11+ x10+ x8 +x7+ x5+ x4 + x2+ x + 1 (Calculated for the entire PDU)

User data CPI LI CRC

1 to 65,535 4

ATM header

CS-PDU:

SAR-PDU:

PAD

BOM EOM

UU

1 2 0-47

. . .COM

PTI=xx0 PTI=xx0 PTI= xx1

PT payloadpayload

1

48

bytes

. . .

PT payloadPT

ATM

PHY

xDSL

xDSL

DSLAM (xTU-C)

d Cc

a Ab B

dC c

aAbB

ATM link

Figure 13 Multiplexing ATM in the DSLAM.

xTU-R

xTU-R

Local LoopNetworkTermination

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Figure 14 PPP encapsulation.

Address

PaddingFCS (cont. if 32 bit)

0 318 16

Flag

Control

FCS

Flag

PPP packet

Padding

Protocol0 318 16bit

Encapsulated Protocol

Protocol: 0001h - Padding

C023h - PAPFlag: 7Eh

C223h - CHAP

0021h - IPC021h - LCP

Address: FFhControl: 03h

PPP encapsulation PPP frame structure

Figure 15 IP Format.

Version Type of service Total lengthIHLIdentification Flags Fragment offset

Time to live Protocol Header ChecksumSource Address

Destination AddressOptions (+padding)Data (variable size)

bit 0 314 8 1916

20 bytes20 bytes

Figure 16 Higher protocols.

IP

TCP

BGP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMPTelnet

UDP

ICMP OSPF

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TrendCommunications

[email protected]

Americas: +1 256 461 0790

España:

UK:

Deutschland:

France:India:

93 300 33 13

01628 524977

089 32 3009-0

01 69 35 54 7022 8597 463/4

web:mail:

Trend Communications Ltd.Knaves Beech EstateLoudwater, High WycombeBuckinghamshire HP10 9QZ UK

More information in:Installation and Maintenance of SDH/SONET,

2003 (c) Artech House, ISBN:1580535259 ATM, XDSL, and Synchronization Networks.

ADSL test ADSL testing ADSL tester ADSL installation ADSL maintenance ADSL pocket guide ADSL reference ADSL solutionSHDSL test SHDSL testing SHDSL installation SHDSL maintenance SHDSL pocket guide SHDSL reference SHDSL solutions

AcronymsAAL ATM Adaption Layer LI Length IndicatorACK Acknowledge LLC Logical Link ControlADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line MAC Media Access ControlAEX A(S) extension byte; byte inserted in the

transmitted ADSL frame structureNAT Network Address Translation

ASx Any one of the simplex bearer channels (0 -3) NSP Network Service ProviderATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode OSPF Open Shortest Path FirstATU-C ADSL Termination Unit Central PAD Padding ATU-R ADSL Termination Unit - Remote PAP Password Authentication ProtocolBGP Border Gateway Protocol PAT Port Address Translation.BOM Begin of message PDH Plesiochronous Digital HierarchyCHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol PDU Protocol Data UnitCOM Continuation of Message POTS Plain Old Telephone ServiceCPI Common Part Indicator PPP Point to Point ProtocolCRC Cyclic Redundancy Check PT Payload TypeDMM Digital Multi-Meter PVC Permanent Virtual CircuitDSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer RADSL Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber LineEOM End of Message SAP Service Access PointFCS Frame Check Sequence SAR Segmentation and ReassemblyFEC Forward Error Correction SDH Synchronous Digital HierarchyFR Frame relay SDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber LineFTP File Transfer Protocol SHDSL Symmetrical High Bit Digital subscriber LineHDSL High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line SMTP Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolHEC Header Error Control SNMP Simple Network Management ProtocolHTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol STF Start FieldICMP Internet Control Message Protocol TCP Transmission Control ProtocolIP Internet Protocol TDR Time Domain ReflectometerISDN Integrated Services Digital Network UDP Universal Datagram ProtocolISP Internet Service Provider UU User-to-User indicationL2TP Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol VCI Virtual Channel IdentifierLCP Link Control Protocol VPI Virtual Path IdentifierLEX L9S) Extension byte; byte inserted in the

transmitted frame structure