487

Index

Achiral , 175 Actuators , 173 Aggregates , 196–197, 199, 202, 215,

221, 231, 241, 250 Algae , 183 Amide , 157 Analytical applications , 28 Animal models , 210, 216 Antiballistic vests , 187 Antibiotics , 183 Antibody , 201, 228, 232, 234 Anticancer , 196, 203, 208, 212, 216,

225, 228–229, 232–234 Anticorrosion , 183 Antigenotoxic effect , 207–208, 245 Antimicrobial , 174, 183 Antineoplastic , 196, 201, 226, 240 Antioxidant , 202–203, 205, 208–211,

213, 215, 217 Apoptosis , 196, 198–199, 205, 207,

216, 223, 225, 230, 237, 240–243, 245

Application of Surface-Modified Graphene , 70

Aquatic ecosystems , 248–249

Arc-discharge , 177 Armchair , 175 Ash fill ,

cemented, 419, 424, 427, 439, 440, 442- 445, 455, 470

uncemented , 419, 424, 425, 446 Ash pond , 419, 420, 422,

432, 446

Bacteria , 198–199, 224–225, 230, 249–250

Bacterial , 183 Barnacles , 183 Batteries , 174, 185 Bearing capacity , 419, 453, 456–457,

459–462, 470 Bioaccumulation , 248, 250 Biocide , 183 Biofouling , 183 Biomolecules , 222, 232, 238–239, 243 Biosensor , 90–91, 94

CNT , 100–104 enzyme , 94, 95, 104, 110–112,

115, 117–119 graphene , 105

Biosensors , 173174184, 223, 234 Bottom ash , 420, 422, 427,

431–432, 454 Breast cancer , 203, 206, 211–212,

215, 226, 229, 244 Bundles , 177, 178, 179

C60 , 193–203, 205–206, 208, 217, 232, 245–248

C60(OH)24 , 197, 202, 207–218, 244–247

Carbon , 4 Carbon Allotropes ,

carbon nanotubes , 129, 133, 135, 139, 158, 165

fullerenes , 129, 133, 135–136 graphene , 129–130, 133–136,

147, 148, 152–156, 165

Ashutosh Tiwari and S.K. Shukla (eds.) Advanced Carbon Materials and Technology, (487–492) 2014 © Scrivener Publishing LLC

488 Index

Carbon cryogel thin fi lms , 475 atomic force microscopy , 481 FTIR analysis , 477 Raman analysis , 478 scanning electron

microscopy , 482 structural properties , 475

Carbon nanomaterials , 129, 135, 152, 156–160, 165

Carbon nanomaterials, CNMs , 193, 232, 246, 248

Carbon nano-objects , carbon nanotubes , 276–310

homeotropic alignment, 297spectral & mechaniucal

properties, 307thin fi lm polarization, 303

fullerenes , 276–310 graphene oxides , 276–310 laser-matter interaction , 276–310 quantum dots , 276–310 shungites , 276–310

Carbon nanotubes , 5, 88, 90, 93, 99, 333

adsortion , 99 as adsorbents , 325 characterization , 322 composite , 312 conductivity , 90 photocatalytic activity , 324 pesticedes , 111–117 properties , 89 MWCNT , 89–90, 102, 104, 113 sensor , 100–102 structure , 89–91 SWCNT , 89–90, 105

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) , 173–187

Carbon unburned , 420, 423, 428, 431

Carboxylic acids , 178 Carcinoma cells , 197, 203–204, 206,

241, 243

Catalyst , 129–130, 133, 135–137, 139, 142, 144–145, 150–153, 155, 158, 160–165

Catalysts , 178186 Cathodic production , 183 Cell adhesion , 223–224, 235, 240 Cenosphere , 379, 382, 383, 388, 389,

390, 392–399, 402, 404, 405, 411, 412

Characterization , 419–420, 426 Chemical analysis , 427 Chemical modifi cation , 173–174 Chemical vapour deposition

(CVD) , 177 Chemisorption , 132 Chiral , 175 Chiral angle , 175, 177 Chiral vectors , 177 Closed-cell foam , 380–382, 387 CNFs , 130, 137, 141, 143–147, 153,

155, 159, 160, 163, 165 CNT , 193, 230–238, 242–243,

248, 250 Coal ash , 419–427, 432, 434,

436–437, 439, 448–448, 453, 455, 459, 462–463, 470

Coatings , 174, 182–184 Collapse , 419–420, 446–453, 470 Compaction , 419, 429–436,

448, 450–452, 458, 463–468, 470

Composites , 179, 180, 181, 182 Compressibility , 437 Condensation-Assisted

Reaction , 50 Conducting fi lms , 183 Conductivity , 173–174,, Conductors , 187 Covalent Surface Modifi cation , 39 Crystallinity , 177 CVD , 142, 147, 159, Cycloaddition-Assisted

Reaction , 57

Index 489

Cytotoxicity , 200, 203–204, 206, 213, 223–224, 226–228, 232, 240, 241, 246

Defect Chemistry , 178 Defrosting , 183 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) , 185 Deposition , 183 Devices , 184 Disintegrated melt deposition , 352 Dispersion , 179 Displays , 183–184 DMSO , 213–214, 218 DNA , 199, 201, 207, 222, 225,

229–230, 233–234, 238–246, 250 Doped , 183 Doxorubicin , 203–204, 210–213, 216,

218, 227–229, 232–233, 245 Drug Delivery System , 73 Durability , 182

Electroactive Shape memory , 181 Electrochemical , 185 Electrochemical Capacitors , 186 Electrodes ,, 185–186

Au , 94, 103, 105, 119 carbon , 94, 98 CNT , 94 glassy carbon , 95 Pt , 94, 98

Electroless and Electrodeposition Techniques , 343

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) , 179

Electromagnetic Shields , 173–174, 179

Electrophile-Assisted Reaction , 46 Electrostatic , 179 Energy Storages , 185 Engineering characteristics , 421,

427, 439 Environment , 193, 202, 236, 238,

247–250

Environmental Protection Agency , 97, 104

Enzyme , activity , 110, 111, 115, 121, 122 immobilization , 94, 95,

104 -110 inhibition , 118

Fabrication , 179, 185 Fibre composites , 180 Filters , 179 Flame retardant , 182 Flexible , 183–184 Floating Method , 177, 178 Flow Sensor , 184 Fluid Environment , 185 Fly ash , 379, 382, 383, 409, Fracture , 179 Frames , 180 Free radical , 199, 203–204, 206, 208,

210, 214, 246 Friction stir processing , 351 Fucntional Group , 178 Fuel cell , 130–131 Fuel Cells , 185–186 Fuel Lines , 179 Fullerenes , 4, 193–194, 196,

198–199, 201–202, 205–208, 210, 216, 232, 246, 249–250

Fullerenol , 193–194, 196–198, 201–218, 244–247

Functionalization , 317, 319, 19, 179 covalent , 318 defect , 318 noncovalent , 320 sidewall , 318, 319

Fungal , 183

Gd@C82(OH)22 , 198, 216–217 Gene expression , 239, 245 Genotoxicity , 194, 238–246 Gradation , 419, 427, 431–32,

434, 447

490 Index

Graphene , 11,, 173–175, 193–194, 219–242, 251

adsortion , 99 pesticides , 117 properties , 91–93, 99 sensor , 94, 100, 106 structure , 92

Graphene oxide , 219–223, 225–227, 241

Graphene sheets , 219, 221–222, 224, 227, 231, 241

Graphite , 174, 175, 185, 186

Halogented , 182 Harmonic Distortion , 184 Heart , 211, 237–238 Heavy Metals , 97–103 Helmets , 182 Hexagonal lattice , 175 Hexagons , 175 Hollow particle , 379–382, 384–388,

393, 394, 401, 402, 407, 411 Homogenous dispersion , 179 Hulls , 180 Hybrid , 179, 182 Hybridized , 173 Hydrogen Cycle , 131 Hydrogen storage , 28, 130–133

In situ Polymerization , 179 In vitro experiments , 197, 225, 240,

242, 244 In vivo experiments ,

rats , 197, 210–212, 215, 218, 242 Indium tin oxide (ITO) , 183 Infi ltration method , 389–393 Interfacial interaction , 180 Internal combustion engines , 131 Ionic fucntionalization , 179 Ions , 182

Lightweight , 380 Lipid peroxidation , 205–206, 209,

211–212, 218, 239

Liquefaction , 419–420, 446–448, 470 Liquid metallurgy , 349 Liver , 197, 205–206, 211, 214,

216–218, 226–227, 238, 243, 245 Loudspeaker , 184 Lubricants , 73 Macrophage , 203, 215, 223,

236–237, 242–243

Magnesium Hydride , 129–130, 138, Magnet free loud speaker , 184 Melt Mixing , 179, 181 Metal Hydride , 130, 132, 165 Metallic , 177 MIC , 199, 233 Microarchitectures , 178 Microbiological effect , 224 Microelectronics , 179 Micronuclei , 207, 239, 242–246 Modulus , 381, 386, 387, 399, 400,

402, 407, 412 Molecular level mixing , 350 Multi functional coatings , 182 Multi wall carbon nanotubes

(MWCNTs) , 174, 183, 186 MWCNT , 139, 141–142, 151, 153,

159–161, 163 MWNT , 231, 233, 235–237, 242–243,

248, 250

Nanocarrier , 225, 228, 229, 240 Nanocomposites , 181, Nanodrug , 193, 196 Nanofl uids , 74 Nanomaterials , 193, 207, 216, 219,

223, 238–240, 246, 248–249 Nanomedicine , 194, 196, 216 Nanoparticles , 99–110, 198, 207,

216–217, 220, 222, 225, 227, 233, 239, 241–242, 246–250

Nanosheets , 225, 230 Nanotubes , 193–194, 230–238,

242, 248 Neuroprotective effect , 196, 199

Index 491

Non-covalent , 178 Non-covalent Surface

Modifi cation , 60 Nucleation site , 178 Nucleophile-Assisted Reaction , 40

Open-cell foam , 380–381 Organic light emitting diode

(OLED) , 184 Oxidative stress , 198–199, 203–204,

206, 210–212, 215, 217, 224–225, 230, 239, 241–242, 245, 250

Oxygen species , 198–199, 204, 206, 216, 223, 230, 237, 247

Paints , 183 Particle agglomeration , 221, 223,

226, 244–245, 250 PEGylated , 220, 226–229, 233,

238, 240 Penetration resistance , 419, 454 Percolation network , 179 Pesticides , 96, 110–120 Phenol , 96, 103–110 Photoinitiator , 179 Photovoltaics , 183 Physisorption , 132 Plastic stress , 399, 401, 407 Plastics , 179, 182 Plateau stress , 399, 408 Polymer , 95, 100, 179–180

Chitosan , 106 Electropolymerization , 96, 102 Nafi on , 100–102, 105, 118 PPy , 97

Polymer Composites , 71, 173, 179

Polymer matrices , 179 Polyurethane (PU) , 181 Powder Metallurgy , 339 Powders , 179 Precursor , 179, 181 Pristine , 181 Purifi cation , 178

Quantum dots , 219, 233

Radical scavenging , 199, 209, 214–215

Radioprotective effect , 199, 210 Rechargeable batteries , 174 Reduced graphene oxide, rGO ,

219, 221, 223–225, 230, 241 Relative density , 419, 438–439, 443,

447–448, 455, 461- 462, 467, 470

Relative dilatancy , 419, 438, 441, 459, 461–463, 470

Renewable energy , 131 RNA , 229, 240 ROS , 198–199, 204–206, 210, 213,

216, 224, 226, 230, 237, 239, 242–244, 246

RQD , 419, 439, 442–445, 470

Saturated ash , 438, 452, 468–469 Saturation , 419, 434 Screen Printing , 183 Seeding method , 177 Semiconductor , 177 Sensor , 90, 91, 100–121

CNT , 95–102 electrochemical , 94, 95–121 graphene , 100–121

Sensors , 72, 184 Settlement , 419–420, 437, 445–448,

453, 455–460, 463–470 Shear strength , 429, 438 Single wall carbon nanotubes

(SWCNTs) , 174, 177, 184 Slot-die , 183 Sodium Alanate , 148 Solution casting , 179 Sonicated , 178 Sp2 , 173–174, 178 Spiral symmetry , 175 Spray forming , 346 Spraying , 183 Stainless steel , 182 Stiffness , 176, 179, 183

492 Index

Stir mixing , 388–390, 392, 393 Strain , 181 Strength , 176, 179, 183 Strengthening mechanisms , 361 Stretchable , 184 Supercapacitor , 75 Supercapacitors , 173–174 Surface modifi cation , 178 Surface resistivity , 183 Surface topology , 186 Surface-Modifi ed Graphene from

GO , 39 Surfactants , 179 SWCNT , 139–140, 155, 159, 161, Syntactic foam , 379–383, 385–388,

391–396, 398–405, 407–412 Synthesis methods , 380, 382, 388,

391, 392, 398, 411

Targeted killing , 25 Targeting , 221, 227–229, 233–244 Tensile modulus , 177 Tensile strength , 177 Thin fi lm heater , 183 Thin fi lm transistors (TFT) , 184 Touch screen devices , 183 Toughness , 176

Toxicity , 194, 197, 203, 205, 208, 210–213, 216–218, 223–228, 230, 233, 236–238, 240–243, 246–250

Transition metals , 182 Transparency , 183–184 Transparent conductors , 183 Tumor , 201, 208, 214–217, 227–228,

233, 235, 243

Utilization , 421, 426, 470 UV irradiation , 179

Van der walls attraction , 179 Vehicle armor , 182

Wear rate , 403–406, 407, 408 Wistar rats , 210, 218 World Health Organization

(WHO) , 103

Yield strength , 399, 401, 402, 407, 412

Yield stress , 181 Young's modulus , 181

Zia Zag , 175–176