ADVANCED MEN & MATERIAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN UNDERGROUND COAL MINESBy: Rohit Kumar Singh 113MN0492

Causewise break-up of Indian coal mines accidents(1989-1999)

Source: https://faculty.franklin.uga.edu/amandal/sites/faculty.franklin.uga.edu.amandal/files/Fatal_accidents_in_Indian_Coal_Mines.pdf

Cause of mine accidents and fatalities per million manshifts in Indian and South-African nomenclature(1989-1997)

Source: https://faculty.franklin.uga.edu/amandal/sites/faculty.franklin.uga.edu.amandal/files/Fatal_accidents_in_Indian_Coal_Mines.pdf

Frequency of mining industry fatalities, by major event group, age 16 years and over, 2004-2008

EVENT FREQUENCY PERCENTTransportation 326 37.8

Contact with objects/equipment 291 33.8Fires and explosions 96 11.1

Exposure to harmful environments 78 9.0All other events 71 8.2

Total 862 100.0Source: U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics

Choice of transportation system depends on various factors:

Access to mineral deposit Geographical and environmental conditions in the mines Productivity of a mine Which transport system will be profitable for mines Safety of workers working How easily a failure in the system can be rectified and

starts working again Mining method being used

Transportation system in underground mines can be broadly classified into two categories:-

Transportation system for men and equipment

Transportation system for ores/coal, etc.

Image Source : Google Images

Transport system for men and equipment

For persons, equipment and materialTravelling time is less

Maximum carrying load depends on installation

Automatic and Manual

VerticalShafts Generally

inclined at 16 to 18 degree from horizontal

Often used for belt conveyor transport

Large machines can be transported without dismantling

Inclines

Image Source : Google Images

Transport system for men and equipment

Fast transport

Over large distances

Efficiency and speed depends on the standard of roadway grading and installation of trackUsed in mines with drift

Track System To take

men and equipment into mines

Safest way of transportation

If track fails then rail stops working

Man-rider trains

Image Source : Google Images

Transport system for men and equipment

For persons, equipment and materialTravelling time is less and fastest

Runs on electricity

Being used at very few places

Mono Rails

For men transportation inside mines

Works on battery usually

Easy way to roam in bigger and larger mines for inspection

Electric vehicle

s

Image Source : Google Images

Rubber tired vehicles are flexible

Caterpillar track vehicles for special purpose. Usually 2 or 4 seaters e.g RTV1140

RTV’s

Transport system for ore and waste materials

For ores and coals

Loads, hauls, dumps

Run on electricity and diesel. Can be remote controlled too.

Works at face

LHD

For ores and coals

Works at face

Manually operated and can be remote controlled too

SDL

Image Source : Google Images

Transport system for ore and waste materials

Fast transport

Over large distance

Safer and can work continuously.Less maintenance is required

Conveyor belt

To transport slurry, ventilation etc.

Uses a motor pump and pipes.

Hydraulic and mine

pumps

Image Source : Google Images

Transport system for ore and waste materials

Two shafts available, one for men and other for coal

Require pulley, wire ropes and other safety systems.

SHAFT Fast and

easy.

Require motors, wire ropes, railway tracks etc.Different haulages have different speeds, benefits etc.

Mine cars

Image Source : Google Images

Transport system for ore and waste materials

For materials and coalsRailway tracks needed

Fast way of transportation

Stops working if track problems

Mine Rails

Rubber tyred vehicles

Usually for transportation from face to shafts If galleries are spacious soil has good grip. e.g RTV900xt

RTV’S

Image Source : Google Images

Future of transport system in minesIn order to • Minimize input cost• Improve production• Improve safety• Sustainable miningSeveral research and developments are being done by severalMining industries.

Image Source : Google Images

Future of transport system in minesFew concept projects on which people are working are:

• Airships: Used to transport personnel and equipment to remote areas where there is no road and electricity. It will reduce the input cost significantly and help companies to start earning profit at an early stage. It can be used for asteroid mining too.

• Mining bots: Used at severe and dangerous conditions so that worker’s safety is not neglected and extraction can be done efficiently. E.g. in very deep mines where daily transportation of workers will take time.

Image Source : Google Images

Importance of transportation system in mines• To have access to mine deposits.• To continue the mining activity.• To extract ores from mines.• To increase the production of ores.• To make a mine earn profit.• To transport man power safely.• To transport equipment and materials properly.• To reduce the number of accidents due to transportation system

BIBLIOGRAPHYhttp://www.geovia.com/blog/future-mining-equipment-transportationhttp://www2.liikennevirasto.fi/julkaisut/pdf3/ls_2013-02_transport_needs_web.pdfhttp://www.infomine.com/library/publications/docs/InternationalMining/Budniok2010.pdfhttp://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch8en/conc8en/ch8c2en.htmlElements of mining technology, Vol-3 by Deshmukh D.Jhttp://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c05/e6-37-06-07.pdfhttp://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/cwc/transportation-fatalities-in-the-mining-sector-20042008.pdf

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