Aegina Kolonna in the Middle Bronze Age

BCH Supplément 52

BCHSupplément

52

é c o l e f r a n ç a i s e d ´ a t h è n e s

ME

SO

HE

LL

AD

IKA

ΜΕ

ΣΟ

ΕΛ

ΛΑ

ΔΙΚ

Α

À l’époque où s’épanouit en Crète la civilisation des premiers palais minoens (première moitié du iie millénaire av. n.è.), la Grèce continentale traverse une période généralement considérée comme une phase de stagnation, voire de régression : l’Helladique Moyen. La relative austérité de la culture matérielle et le caractère apparemment rudimentaire des structures sociales mésohelladiques expliquent sans doute le peu d’intérêt longtemps suscité par cette période. Or, les recherches récentes, s’appuyant sur une documentation qui s’est beaucoup accrue au cours des dernières décennies, mais aussi sur le réexamen des données anciennes, tendent à corriger cette image : l’Helladique Moyen apparaît aujourd’hui comme une période de profonds changements d'ordre social, politique et culturel qui conduisirent peu à peu à l’émergence de la civilisation mycénienne. Il a donc paru nécessaire de faire le point en organisant le premier colloque international sur l’Helladique Moyen. Le volume des actes, qui réunit près d’une centaine de contributions sur divers aspects de la culture mésohelladique, constitue ainsi le premier ouvrage entièrement consacré à l’une des périodes les plus mal connues de la protohistoire égéenne.

During the first half of the 2nd millennium BC, as the first palaces appear in Crete and the Minoan civilisation is flourishing, the Greek mainland goes through what is considered a period of stagnation, if not decline and social regression: the Middle Helladic period. The Middle Bronze Age in the Greek mainland has received very little attention, perhaps because of the relative austerity of the material culture and the absence of overt social differentiation. However, a wealth of research over the past several decades, that derives from both recent discoveries and the re-examination of older data, requires us to revise this picture. In fact, it is nowadays suggested that the Middle Helladic period witnessed profound cultural, social and political transformations which laid the basis for the emergence of the Mycenaean civilisation. It was therefore deemed necessary to reassess develop-ments during the period by organising the first international conference dedicated exclusively to the Middle Helladic period. The Proceedings of the conference, which brings together about one hundred contributions on different aspects of Middle Helladic culture, is the first publication to throw light on an obscure and neglected period of Aegean prehistory.

Bulletin de CorrespondanCe Hellénique, suppléments

47. Études d’archéologie délienne, par Philippe Bruneau. Recueil d’articles rassemblés et indexés par Jean-Charles Moretti, 2006.

48. La sculpture des Cyclades à l’époque archaïque. Histoire des ateliers, rayonnement des styles. Actes du colloque international organisé par l’éphorie des antiquités préhistoriques et classiques des

Cyclades et l’École française d’Athènes (Athènes, 7-9 septembre 1998). Édités par Yannos Kourayos et Francis Prost, 2008.

49. La sculpture byzantine viie – xiie siècles. Actes du colloque international organisé par la 2e éphorie des antiquités byzantines et l’École française

d’Athènes (Athènes, 6-8 septembre 2000). Édités par Charalambos Pennas et Catherine Vanderheyde, 2008.

50. La gigantomachie de Pergame ou l’image du monde, par Françoise-Hélène Massa-Pairault, 2007.

51. ASMOSIA VII Actes du Viie colloque international de l’ASMOSIA organisé par l’École française d’Athènes, le National

Center for Scientific Research « DEMOKRITOS », la 18e éphorie des antiquités préhistoriques et classiques (Kavala) et l’Institut of Geology and Mineral Exploration (Thasos 15-20 septembre 2003). Études réunies par Yannis Maniatis, 2009.

B U L L E T I N D E C O R R E S P O N D A N C E H E L L É N I Q U E

L a G r è c e c o n t i n e n t a l e a u B r o n z e M o y e nΗ ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα στη Μέση εποχή του ΧαλκούThe Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age

Édités par Anna PhiliPPa-Touchais, Gilles Touchais, Sofia VouTsaki et James WrighT

Actes du colloque international organisé par l’École française d’Athènes, en collaboration avec l’American School of Classical Studies at Athens

et le Netherlands Institute in Athens, Athènes, 8-12 mars 2006

M E S O H E L L A D I K AΜ Ε Σ Ο Ε Λ Λ Α Δ Ι Κ Α

000A_BCH Suppl. 52_pages de titreΒΑΤ2 3/9/10 11:15 AM PageI

000A_BCH Suppl. 52_pages de titreΒΑΤ2 3/9/10 11:15 AM PageII

MESOHELLADIKAM E ™ O E § § A ¢ I K A

000A_BCH Suppl. 52_pages de titreΒΑΤ2 3/9/10 11:15 AM PageIII

É C O L E F R A N Ç A I S E D ’ A T H È N E S

Directeur des publications : Dominique MulliezAdjointe aux publications : Catherine Aubert

Révision des normes : Béatrice DetournayPhotogravure, impression et reliure : Break’inConception graphique de la couverture : EFA, Guillaume Fuchs

Dépositaire : De Boccard Édition-Diffusion – 11, rue de Médicis, F – 75006 Paris, www.deboccard.com

Ouvrage publié avec le concours de l’INSTAP (Institut for Aegean Prehistory), Philadelphie, USA

© École française d’Athènes, 2010 – 6 Didotou, GR – 106 80 Athènes, www.efa.gr

ISBN 978-2-86958-210-1

Reproduction et traduction, même partielles, interdites sans l’autorisation de l’éditeur pour tous pays, y compris les États-Unis.

000A_BCH Suppl. 52_pages de titreΒΑΤ2 3/9/10 11:15 AM PageIV

MESOHELLADIKAM E ™ O E § § A ¢ I K A

La Grèce continentale au Bronze MoyenΗ ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα στη Μέση εποχή του ΧαλκούThe Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age

Actes du colloque international organisé par l’École française d’Athènes, en collaboration avec l’American School of Classical Studies at Athenset le Netherlands Institute in Athens, Athènes, 8-12 mars 2006

Édités par Anna PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, Gilles TOUCHAIS, Sofia VOUTSAKI et James WRIGHT

B U L L E T I N D E C O R R E S P O N D A N C E H E L L É N I Q U E

000A_BCH Suppl. 52_pages de titreΒΒΒ2 17/9/10 2:20 PM PageV

Une partie des congressistes devant le Cotsen Hall (photo Ph. Touchais)

000A_BCH Suppl. 52_pages de titreΒΑΤ2 3/9/10 11:15 AM PageVI

PRÉFACE

Allocution de bienvenue du Directeur de l’École française d’Athènes

L'étude du matériel des fouilles de l'habitat mésohelladique de la colline de l'Aspis étant en coursd'achèvement, les responsables du programme, Gilles Touchais et Anna Philippa-Touchais, ontsouhaité orienter la recherche de deux manières : en entreprenant l'étude globale des vestigesarchitecturaux de l'habitat mis au jour depuis les premières fouilles de Vollgraff et en mettant à profitcette étude pour une mise en valeur du site, mais aussi en inscrivant cette recherche dans uneinterrogation plus large sur l'Helladique Moyen. Cela impliquait de faire le point sur l'une des périodesles plus mal connues de la protohistoire égéenne en essayant de réunir, au niveau international, leschercheurs que le hasard des découvertes ou un choix délibéré avaient conduits à travailler sur cettepériode. On pouvait ainsi espérer dresser un bilan entièrement renouvelé par les données desnombreuses fouilles et prospections menées au cours des trente dernières années.C'est à cet objectif que répond le colloque Mesohelladika. La Grèce continentale au BronzeMoyen, dont l'École française d'Athènes a eu l' initiative. Pour permettre son organisation, elle s'estassuré le concours de l'École américaine et de l'Institut néerlandais et je remercie très chaleureusementmes collègues Stephen Tracy et Gert Jan Wijngaarden d'avoir accepté le principe de cette association.En répondant positivement à notre invitation, les très nombreux chercheurs présents, venusd'Australie, d'Autriche, des États-Unis, de Finlande, de France, de Grande-Bretagne, de Grèce,d'Italie, des Pays-Bas et de Suède ont témoigné de leur intérêt pour la thématique centrale du colloque :procéder à une réévaluation de l'Helladique Moyen. - À tous, je souhaite la bienvenue et de fructueuxtravaux.Je remercie tous ceux qui, dans chacune des trois Écoles concernées, ont permis l'organisation de cettemanifestation. J'adresse des remerciements tout particuliers à Gilles Touchais, qui m' a soumis ce projetdès 2003, et à Anna Philippa-Touchais, dont la présence à Athènes a permis de régler les mille et unequestions que ne manque pas de soulever une manifestation de cette ampleur.

Dominique MULLIEZ

BCH Suppl. 52

00B_BCH Suppl 52_Preface_BAT 12/9/2010 06:03 µµ Page 1

Wellcome address of the Director of the Netherlands Institute in Athens

Dear colleagues and friends, ladies and gentlemen,Some time ago, Dr Sofia Voutsaki persuaded me to support this conference. On the occasion sheemphasized that the Middle Bronze Age of the Greek mainland had been neglected of late and thatit was in serious need of attention. Taking a look at the impressive conference program, I could onlyacknowledge Sofia’s claims: obviously many scholars felt a similar need to discuss Middle HelladicGreece.For several of the archaeological programs of the Netherlands Institute in Athens, the MiddleBronze Age is of importance. This is true for the excavations at Geraki in Lakonia, for the surveysin Thessaly, Boeotia and Zakynthos, as well as for the analytical program on the Argolid. I am con-fident that the Mesohelladika conference will contribute to a better understanding of the materialsdealt with in these programs.I am very pleased that this conference is a joint venture of three foreign archaeological institutes inGreece. International academic events are increasingly more difficult and costly to organize and coop-eration in this respect is, in my view, beneficial to all. I would like to thank warmly my colleaguesDominique Mulliez and Stephen Tracy for the fruitful cooperation and for the hospitality. I also con-gratulate the organizers with the impressive program and I wish all participants an enjoyable andfruitful conference.

Gert Jan VAN WIJNGAARDEN

Wellcome address of the Director of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens

On behalf of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens welcome to this international confer-ence Mesohelladika. It is wonderful to have such a large crowd on hand this evening. The program ofthe conference is diverse and rich; I think we will all learn much from our colleagues over the next fourdays. I know that we all are looking forward to it. The American School of Classical Studies is proudto cooperate with the Netherlands Institute and with the French School at Athens in hosting this con-ference. I want to congratulate and to thank the organizing committee and to single out Dr. AnnaPhilippa-Touchais, the person on the ground here in Athens, for all her hard work. Thank you all again and welcome.

Stephen TRACY

BCH Suppl. 52

00B_BCH Suppl 52_Preface_BAT 12/9/2010 06:03 µµ Page 2

INTRODUCTION

L’Helladique Moyen, période qui correspond, en gros, à la première moitié du IIe millénaireavant notre ère, s’intercale entre deux phases de prospérité économique et d’accomplisse-ment culturel majeurs pour la Grèce continentale : le Bronze Ancien, d’une part, qui a vunaître et se développer, au cours du IIIe millénaire, des communautés proto-urbaines déjàfortement organisées, ouvertes sur le reste du monde égéen, et l’époque mycénienne del’autre, qui, dans la seconde moitié du IIe millénaire, portera à son apogée le système pala-tial et étendra son influence bien au-delà des rives de la mer Égée. C’est pourquoil’Helladique Moyen est toujours apparu en retrait par rapport à ces deux grands moments,dans une vision purement négative que reflètent bien les termes de stagnation, de recul,d’isolement le plus souvent utilisés pour caractériser cette période. En outre, la compa-raison avec l’essor que connaît, à la même époque, la Crète protopalatiale, tourne elle aussiau désavantage de la Grèce continentale et renforce cette impression négative, qui n’est sansdoute pas étrangère au relatif désintérêt dont l’Helladique Moyen a pâti jusqu’à présentdans la recherche sur les civilisations égéennes.Il apparaît cependant aujourd’hui, à la lumière des recherches récentes, que l’HelladiqueMoyen n’est pas cette longue période d’atonie si souvent décrite. Des indices de plus enplus nombreux suggèrent qu’elle a au contraire été marquée par de profonds changementsd’ordre social, politique et culturel, qui conduisirent progressivement à la formation desentités politiques protomycéniennes et, plus tard, des royaumes mycéniens. C’est pourquoiil nous a semblé que le moment était venu de rassembler la documentation la plus largepossible sur cette période encore mal connue – ou plutôt méconnue. Le meilleur moyenétait de faire se rencontrer tous les collègues qui avaient accumulé de nouvelles données aucours des dernières décennies, mais aussi ceux qui tentaient d’interpréter celles dont ondisposait. C’est ainsi qu’est née l’idée de ce colloque – le premier à être consacré exclusi-vement à l’Helladique Moyen – et que furent définis ses principaux objectifs : d’une part,dresser un bilan de nos connaissances sur la période, en ne négligeant aucun domaine dela recherche ; d’autre part, explorer les mécanismes qui sont à l’origine des changements

BCH Suppl. 52

000D_BCH Suppl 52_Introd_BAT 26/8/2010 09:02 πμ Page 3

constatés et tenter d’apprécier leur dynamique. On suggéra donc plusieurs axes de ré-flexion : la topographie et l’habitat (réseaux d’occupation humaine, organisation spatiale) ;les pratiques rituelles et funéraires ; les problèmes chronologiques (séquences céramiques,synchronismes, datations absolues) ; l’économie et l’exploitation des ressources naturelles(agriculture et élevage, techniques et productions artisanales, alimentation) ; les problèmesdémographiques et sanitaires ; les contacts, les échanges et les influences culturelles ; l’évo-lution des structures socio-politiques. L’intuition que le sujet était « mûr » et qu’une vision moins négative de l’HelladiqueMoyen avait commencé de prévaloir parmi les spécialistes du monde égéen a été confir-mée bien au-delà de nos espérances. Car même dans nos prévisions les plus optimistes,nous étions loin d’imaginer que notre initiative rencontrerait un tel écho. En effet, prèsde 130 chercheurs ont répondu à notre invitation, plus de 80 d’entre eux proposant deprésenter une communication et plus d’une quarantaine de réaliser un poster.Finalement, sur les 69 communications présentées à Athènes, 63 sont éditées dans le pré-sent volume1, et 28 posters sur 292.Ce projet n’aurait pu être mené à bien sans le soutien financier et logistique, mais aussiscientifique et moral, des trois institutions qui en ont assuré directement l’organisation :l’École française d’Athènes, l’American School of Classical Studies at Athens et leNetherlands Institute in Athens, dont nous tenons à remercier les directeurs respectifs,Dominique Mulliez, Stephen V. Tracy et Gert Jan van Wijngarten, pour les moyens maté-riels et humains qu’ils ont généreusement mis à notre disposition. L’Institute of AegeanPrehistory de Philadelphie a également répondu, avec sa libéralité coutumière, à nosdemandes de subvention, aussi bien pour l’organisation du colloque lui-même que pour

4 INTRODUCTION

BCH Suppl. 52

1. Massimo Cultraro, qui n’avait pu participer au colloque, a envoyé le texte de sa communication, mais lestextes suivants n’ont pas été remis : Antikleia Agrafioti, « Les industries lithiques du Bronze Moyen et l’enjeudes éléments de faucille» ; Polyxeni Arachoviti, « ∞ÂÚÈÓfi, ¤Ó·˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÙË˜ ª¤ÛË˜ ∂Ô¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡ ÛÙËÓÔÙÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎ‹ £ÂÛÛ·Ï›· » ; Ioanna Galanaki, « Lefkandi Phases 2-6 : Some Observations on the Commu-nication Networks and Communication Processes during the Middle Helladic Period » ; Chrysanthi Gallou,« “In the Dark Heart of Maleas”. The Transition from the Middle Helladic to the Early Mycenaean Period inthe Southeastern Peloponnese » ; Olga Kyriazi, « ª·ÚÙ˘Ú›Â˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎ‹ §ÔÎÚ›‰· Û¯ÂÙÈÎ¿ ÌÂ ÙËÌÂÙ·‚·ÙÈÎ‹ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô ·fi ÙË ª¤ÛË ÛÙËÓ ⁄ÛÙÂÚË ∂Ô¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡: ÂÓÂÚÁ‹ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙÈ˜ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎ¤˜·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ‹ ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈıÒÚÈÔ ÙˆÓ ÂÍÂÏÈÎÙÈÎÒÓ ‰ÈÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ; » ; Elena Kountouri, « ¶ÚÔÌ˘ÎËÓ·˚Î‹ £‹‚· : Ù·‰Â‰ÔÌ¤Ó· ·fi ÙÈ˜ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÂ˜ ¤ÚÂ˘ÓÂ˜ » ; Michael Lindblom, « The Middle Helladic Settlement at Mastos inthe Berbati Valley » ; Adamantia Vassilogamvrou, « ∏ ÎÂÚ·ÌÈÎ‹ ÙË˜ ª∂ πππ-À∂ π Ê¿ÛË˜ ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË∫·Ù·ÚÚ·¯È¿ ¢˘ÙÈÎ‹˜ ∞¯·˝·˜ ».

2. Il manque celui d’Olga Philaniotou, « Naxos in the Middle Bronze Age. New Evidence for Habitation ». Pourla publication, nous avons choisi d’intégrer les posters aux unités thématiques auxquels ils se rapportent enles mêlant aux communications, plutôt que de les regrouper dans une section séparée comme cela se fait sou-vent.


la publication des actes : nous exprimons ici toute notre reconnaissance à son comitéscientifique ainsi qu’à Karen Velluci, directrice des programmes de subvention, en quinous avons toujours trouvé une interlocutrice efficace et attentionnée. Parmi les institu-tions françaises, le Centre national de la recherche scientifique et l’université Paris 1 –Panthéon-Sorbonne ont apporté une contribution appréciable au financement du col-loque. De leur côté, le Service culturel de la Ville d’Athènes (¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ıËÓ·›ˆÓ,¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfi˜ OÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜) et l’office du Tourisme hellénique (∂ÏÏËÓÈÎfi˜ OÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ΔÔ˘ÚÈÛÌÔ‡, ÀÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô˘ ΔÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎ‹˜ ∞Ó¿Ù˘ÍË˜) ont soutenu la manifestation en met-tant gracieusement à notre disposition 150 exemplaires de deux luxueuses brochures surAthènes, l’Attique et ses monuments. Plusieurs participants au colloque ont par ailleursbénéficié de l’hospitalité offerte par les Instituts danois et suédois, ainsi que par lesÉcoles britannique et italienne, que nous remercions sincèrement de leur concours. C’estune dette particulière que nous avons envers Bob Bridges, secrétaire général de l’Écoleaméricaine, qui, pendant les trois jours où le colloque s’est tenu au Cotsen Hall, n’aménagé ni son temps ni sa peine pour assurer le bon déroulement des séances etrésoudre tous les problèmes techniques, sans se départir jamais de son sourire.Nous remercions également pour leur précieux concours à l’organisation et au bon fonc-tionnement du colloque Maria Tsimboukaki, qui a géré le secrétariat avec un dévoue-ment et une efficacité dignes d’éloge, Stratos Balis et Tomek Hertig (site Internet), EleniGerontakou et Catherine Pantazis (travaux de secrétariat), Philippe Touchais (photosd’ambiance), ainsi que les volontaires étudiants post-diplôme de l’universités d’Athènes,dont le zèle et la bonne humeur communicative ont largement contribué à l’ambiancechaleureuse qui a régné tout au long de cette rencontre : Giorgos Charitos, GiorgosChoulis, Nikolas Dimakis, Dimitris Kloukinas, Akathi Maria Kovaiou, Anna Loukidou,Stefania Michalopoulou, Konstantina Nikolopoulou, Evangelia Polyzou et Eva Roussaki. C’est d’autre part à Orestis Kakavakis, doctorant à l’université d’Athènes, que l’on doitla traduction grecque des résumés qui figurent dans le présent volume. Nous sommes particulièrement reconnaissants à Catherine Aubert, responsable du servi-ce des publications de l’EFA, pour le soin qu’elle a apporté à l’édition des actes de cecolloque, et à Vélissarios Anagnostopoulos, auteur de l’affiche. Cet ouvrage témoignera durablement du remarquable travail accompli ces dernièresannées par une communauté de chercheurs qui, last but not least, mérite elle aussi toutenotre gratitude – une communauté qui a hélas été endeuillée, depuis le colloque, par ladisparition prématurée de deux de ses membres : Maria Oikonomakou et Angeliki Pilali,dont nous tenons à saluer ici la mémoire.

Les éditeurs

INTRODUCTION 5

BCH Suppl. 52



ABRÉVIATIONS

PÉRIODIQUES ET SÉRIES

Les abréviations utilisées sont celles de l’American Journal of Archaeology (voir AJA 111 [2007], p. 14-34, ou le site

internet www.ajaonline.org) auxquelles on ajoutera :

AEMTh ΔÔ ∞Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ŒÚÁÔ ÛÙË ª·ÎÂ‰ÔÓ›· Î·È £Ú¿ÎË

BCH Chron. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, «Chronique des fouilles et découvertes

archéologiques en Grèce »

MONOGRAPHIES

Ägäische Frühzeit II.2 E. ALRAM-STERN, Die ägäische Frühzeit, 2. Serie. Forschungsbericht 1975-2003,2. Band, Teil 1 : Die Frühbronzezeit in Griechenland mit Ausnahme von Kreta,Wien (2004).

Agora XIII S. A. IMMERWAHR, The Athenian Agora, XIII. The Neolithic and Bronze Ages,Princeton (1971).

Alt-Ägina III.1 H. WALTER, F. FELTEN, Alt-Ägina. III, 1. Die vorgeschichtliche Stadt. Befesti-gungen, Häuser, Funde, Mainz (1981).

Alt-Ägina IV.2 H. B. SIEDENTOPF, Alt-Ägina IV, 2. Mattbemalte Keramik der MittlerenBronzezeit, Mainz (1991).

Alt-Ägina IV.3 I. KILIAN-DIRLMEIER, Alt-Ägina IV, 3. Das mittelbronzezeitliche Schachtgrab vonÄgina, Mainz (1997).

Argissa III E. HANSCHMANN, V. MILOJCIC, Die deutschen Ausgrabungen auf der Argissa-Magula in Thessalien, III. Die frühe und beginnende mittlere Bronzezeit, Bonn(1976).

Argissa IV E. HANSCHMANN, Die deutschen Ausgrabungen auf der Argissa-Magula in Thes-salien, IV. Die Mittlere Bronzezeit, Bonn (1981).

BCH Suppl. 52

008_BCH Suppl 52_Abrev_BAT 26/8/2010 09:20 πμ Page 7

Argos et l’Argolide A. PARIENTE, G. TOUCHAIS (éds), ), ÕÚÁÔ˜ Î·È ∞ÚÁÔÏ›‰·. ΔÔÔÁÚ·Ê›· Î·ÈÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌ›· / Argos et l’Argolide. Topographie et urbanisme. Actes de la Tableronde internationale, Athènes-Argos, 28/4-1/5/1990, Recherches franco-helléniques3, Athènes (1998).

Asine I O. FRÖDIN, A. W. PERSSON, Asine, Results of the Swedish Excavations, 1922-1930, Stockholm (1938).

Asine II (1, 2) S. DIETZ, Asine II. Results of the Excavations East of the Acropolis 1970-1974, 1.General Stratigraphical Analysis and Architectural Remains (1982) ; 2. The MiddleHelladic Cemetery. The Middle Helladic and Early Mycenaean Deposits, Stock-holm (1980).

Asine III R. HÄGG, G. C. NORDQUIST, B. WELLS (éds), Asine III. Supplementary Studieson the Swedish Excavations 1922-1930, Stockholm (1996).

Autochthon A. DAKOURI-HILD, S. SHERRATT (éds), Autochthon, Papers Presented toO. T. P. K. Dickinson on the Occasion of his Retirement, Oxford (2005).

Ayios Stephanos W. D. TAYLOUR, R. JANKO (eds), Ayios Stephanos. Excavations at a Bronze Ageand Medieval Settlement in Southern Laconia, BSA Suppl. 44 (2008).

BUCK R. J. BUCK, « Middle Helladic Mattpainted Pottery », Hesperia 33 (1964),p. 231-313.

CAVANAGH & MEE, Private Place W. CAVANAGH, C. MEE, A Private Place: Death in Prehistoric Greece,Private Place SIMA 125, Jonsered (1998).

Celebrations R. HÄGG, G. NORDQUIST (éds), Celebrations of Death and Divinity in the BronzeAge Argolid. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium at the Swedish In-stitute in Athens, 11-13 June 1988, Stockholm (1990).

DIETZ, Argolid S. DIETZ, The Argolid at the Transition to the Mycenaean Age. Studies in theChronology and Cultural Development in the Shaft Grave Period, Copenhagen(1991).

Emporia R. LAFFINEUR, E. GRECO (éds), EMPORIA. Aegeans in the Central and EasternMediterranean. Proceedings of the 10th International Aegean Conference / 10e Ren-contre égéenne internationale, Athens, Italian School of Archaeology, 14-18 April2004, Aegaeum 25, Liège (2005).

Eutresis H. GOLDMAN, Excavations at Eutresis in Boeotia, Cambridge, Mass. (1931).

FORSÉN, Twilight J. FORSÉN, The Twilight of the Early Helladics. A Study of the Disturbances inEast-central and Southern Greece towards the End of the Early Bronze Age, SIMA-PB 116, Jonsered (1992).

Gazetteer R. HOPE-SIMPSON, O. T. P. K. DICKINSON, A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilisation inthe Bronze Age, 1. The Mainland and the Islands. SIMA 52, Göteborg (1979).

Habitat égéen P. DARCQUE, R. TREUIL (éds), L’habitat égéen préhistorique. Actes de la Tableronde internationale organisée par le CNRS, l’université de Paris I et l’Écolefrançaise d’Athènes (Athènes, 23-25 juin 1987), BCH Suppl. 19, Athènes(1990).

Horizon N. J. BRODIE, J. DOOLE, G. GAVALAS, C. RENFREW (éds), OÚ›˙ˆÓ. A Colloquiumon the Prehistory of the Cyclades, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research,

8 ABRÉVIATIONS

BCH Suppl. 52


University of Cambridge, 25-28 March 2004 (2008).

KARO G. KARO, Die Schachtgräber von Mykenai, München (1930-1933).

Keos V J. L. DAVIS, Keos V. Ayia Irini : Period V, Mainz (1986).

Keos VII J. C. OVERBECK, Keos VII. Ayia Irini : Period IV. Part 1 : The Stratigraphy andthe Find Deposits, Mainz (1989).

Kiapha Thiti II.2 J. MARAN, Kiapha Thiti. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen II.2 (2. Jt. v. Chr. :Keramik und Kleinfunde), MarbWPr 1990, Marburg (1992).

Kirrha L. DOR, J. JANNORAY, H. & M. VAN EFFENTERRE, Kirrha. Étude de préhistoirephocidienne, Paris (1960).

Korakou C. W. BLEGEN, Korakou, a Prehistoric Settlement near Corinth, Boston-NewYork (1921).

Kythera J. N. COLDSTREAM, G. L. HUXLEY (éds), Kythera. Excavations and Studies,London (1972).

Lerna II J. L. ANGEL, Lerna, a Preclassical Site in the Argolid, II. The People of Lerna(1971).

Lerna III J. B. RUTTER, Lerna, a Preclassical Site in the Argolid, III. The Pottery of Lerna IV(1995).

Meletemata Ph. P. BETANCOURT, V. KARAGEORGHIS, R. LAFFINEUR, W. D. NIEMEIER (éds),MELETEMATA. Studies in Aegean Archaeology Presented to Malcolm H. WienerAs he Enters his 65th Year, Aegaeum 20, Liège-Austin (1999).

Metron K. FOSTER, R. LAFFINEUR (éds), METRON. Measuring the Aegean Bronze Age.Proceedings of the 9th International Aegean Conference / 9e Rencontre égéenne in-ternationale, New Haven, Yale University, 18-21 April 2002, Aegaeum 24,Liège-Austin (2003).

MH Pottery F. FELTEN, W. GAUSS, R. SMETANA (éds), Middle Helladic Pottery and Synchro-& Synchronisms nisms. Proceedings of the International Workshop, Salzburg, October 30th to Nov-

ember 2nd, 2004, Wien (2007).

Minoan Thalassocracy R. HÄGG, N. MARINATOS (éds), The Minoan Thalassocracy : Myth and Reality.Proceedings of the Third International Symposium at the Swedish Institute inAthens, 31 May-5 June 1982, Stockholm (1984).

MYLONAS, ¢NE G. E. MYLONAS, Δe ‰˘ÙÈÎeÓ ÓÂÎÚÔÙ·ÊÂÖÔÓ ÙÉ˜ \EÏÂ˘Û›ÓÔ˜, \AıÉÓ·È (1975).

MYLONAS, TKB G. E. MYLONAS, O Ù·ÊÈÎe˜ Î‡ÎÏÔ˜ μ ÙáÓ ª˘ÎËÓáÓ, \AıÉÓ·È (1973).

Nichoria I G. RAPP, S. ASCHENBRENNER (éds), Excavations at Nichoria in Southwest Greece,I. Site, Environs and Techniques, Minneapolis (1978).

Nichoria II W. MCDONALD, N. WILKIE (éds), Excavations at Nichoria in Southwest Greece,II. The Bronze Age Occupation, Minneapolis (1992).

NORDQUIST, MH Village G. C. NORDQUIST, A Middle Helladic Village. Asine in the Argolid, Acta Universi-tatis Upsaliensis, Boreas 16, Uppsala (1987).

Origins O. T. P. K. DICKINSON, The Origins of Mycenaean Civilisation, SIMA 49, Göte-borg (1977).

ABRÉVIATIONS 9

BCH Suppl. 52


Palace of Nestor III C. W. BLEGEN, M. RAWSON, W. TAYLOUR, W. P. DONOVAN, The Palace of Nestorat Pylos in Western Messenia, III. Acropolis and Lower Town. Tholoi and GraveCircle, Chamber Tombs, Discoveries Outside the Citadel, Princeton (1973).

PELON, TTCF O. PELON, Tholoi, tumuli et cercles funéraires, BEFAR 229, Paris (1976).

Pevkakia III J. MARAN, Die deutschen Ausgrabungen auf der Pevkakia-Magula in Thessalien,III. Die mittlere Bronzezeit, Bonn (1992).

PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, A. PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, « Aperçu des céramiques mésohelladiques à décor Céramique Aspis I peint de l’Aspis d’Argos, I. La céramique à peinture mate », BCH 126

(2002), p. 1-40.

PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, A. PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, « Aperçu des céramiques mésohelladiques à décorCéramique Aspis II peint de l’Aspis d’Argos, II. La céramique à peinture lustrée », BCH 127

(2003), p. 1-47.

Polemos R. LAFFINEUR (éd.), POLEMOS. Le contexte guerrier en Égée à l’Âge du Bronze.Actes de la 7e Rencontre égéenne internationale, université de Liège, 14-17 avril1998, Aegaeum 19, Liège (1999).

Politeia R. LAFFINEUR, W.-D. NIEMEIER (éds), POLITEIA. Society and State in theAegean Bronze Age. Proceedings of the 5th International Aegean Conference /5e Rencontre égéenne internationale, University of Heidelberg, Archäologisches In-stitut 10-13 April 1994, Aegaeum 12, Liège-Austin (1995).

Potnia R. LAFFINEUR, R. HÄGG (éds), POTNIA. Deities and Religion in the AegeanBronze Age, Proceedings of the 8th International Aegean Conference / 8e Rencontreégéenne internationale, Göteborg University, 12-15 April 2000, Aegaeum 22,Liège-Austin (2001).

Pr. Eleusis G. E. MYLONAS, « ¶ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈÎc \EÏÂ˘Û›˜ », in K. KOUROUNIOTIS (éd.),\EÏÂ˘ÛÈÓÈ·Î¿ Aã (1932), p. 1-172.

Pr. Thessaly A. J. B. WACE, M. S. THOMPSON, Prehistoric Thessaly, Cambridge (1912).

Prosymna C. W. BLEGEN, Prosymna. The Helladic Settlement Preceding the Argive Her-aeum, Cambridge (1937).

RUTTER, Ayios Stephanos J. B. & S. H. RUTTER, The Transition to Mycenaean. A Stratified MH II toLH II A Pottery Sequence from Ayios Stephanos in Lakonia, Los Angeles (1976).

RUTTER, Review II J. B. RUTTER, « Review of Aegean Prehistory, II. The Prepalatial BronzeAge of the Southern and Central Greek Mainland », AJA 97 (1993), p. 745-797, reprinted in T. CULLEN (éd.), Aegean Prehistory: A Review, AJA Suppl. 1(2001), p. 95-147, with « Addendum : 1993-1999 », p. 148-155.

TAW Thera and the Aegean World, London. I (1978), Ch. DOUMAS (éd.) ; II (1980),Ch. DOUMAS (éd.) ; III (1990), D. HARDY et al. (éds).

TEXNH R. LAFFINEUR, Ph. P. BETANCOURT (éds), TEXNH. Craftsmen, Craftswomenand Craftsmanship in the Aegean Bronze Age. Proceedings of the 6th InternationalAegean Conference / 6e Rencontre égéenne internationale, Philadelphia, Temple Uni-versity, 18-21 April 1996, Aegaeum 16, Liège (1997).

Thanatos R. LAFFINEUR (éd.), THANATOS. Les coutumes funéraires en Égée à l’Âge duBronze. Actes du colloque de Liège, 21-23 avril 1986, Aegaeum 1, Liège (1987).

10 ABRÉVIATIONS

BCH Suppl. 52


Transition R. LAFFINEUR (éd.), TRANSITION. Le monde égéen du Bronze Moyen au BronzeRécent. Actes de la 2e Rencontre égéenne internationale de l’université de Liège (18-20 avril 1988), Aegaeum 3, Liège (1989).

VALMIN, SME N. VALMIN, The Swedish Messenia Expedition, Lund (1938).

Wace & Blegen C. ZERNER, P. ZERNER, J. WINDER (éds), Proceedings of the International Con-ference Wace and Blegen. Pottery as Evidence for Trade in the Aegean Bronze Age1939-1989, Held at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Athens, De-cember 2-3, 1989, Amsterdam (1993).

ZERNER, Beginning C. W. ZERNER, The Beginning of the Middle Helladic Period at Lerna, PhD thesis,University of Cincinnati, Ann Arbor (1978).

ZERNER, MH Pottery I C. ZERNER, « Middle Helladic and Late Helladic I Pottery from Lerna »,Hydra 2 (1986), p. 58-74.

ZERNER, MH Pottery II C. ZERNER, « Middle Helladic and Late Helladic I Pottery from Lerna, II :Shapes », Hydra 4 (1988), p. 1-10.

ZERNER, Perspectives C. ZERNER, « New Perspectives on Trade in the Middle and Early Late Hel-ladic Periods on the Mainland », in Wace & Blegen, p. 39-56.

SUBDIVISIONS CHRONOLOGIQUES

English

EB(A), MB(A), LB(A) Early Bronze (Age), Middle Bronze (Age), Late Bronze (Age)

EC, MC, LC Early Cycladic, Middle Cycladic, Late Cycladic

EH, MH, LH Early Helladic, Middle Helladic, Late Helladic

EIA Early Iron Age

EM, MM, LM Early Minoan, Middle Minoan, Late Minoan

Français

BA, BM, BR Bronze Ancien, Bronze Moyen, Bronze Récent

CA, CM, CR Cycladique Ancien, Cycladique Moyen, Cycladique Récent

HA, HM, HR Helladique Ancien, Helladique Moyen, Helladique Récent

MA, MM, MR Minoen Ancien, Minoen Moyen, Minoen Récent

EÏÏËÓÈÎ¿

¶∂, ª∂, À∂ ¶ÚˆÙÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜, ªÂÛÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜, ÀÛÙÂÚÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜

¶∂Ã, ª∂Ã, À∂Ã ¶ÚÒÈÌË ∂Ô¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡, ª¤ÛË ∂Ô¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡, ⁄ÛÙÂÚË ∂Ô¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡

¶M, MK, YK ¶ÚˆÙÈÎ˘ÎÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜, MÂÛÔÎ˘ÎÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜, YÛÙÂÚÔÎ˘ÎÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜

¶Ã, ªÃ, ÀÃ ¶ÚˆÙÔ¯·ÏÎfi˜, ªÂÛÔ¯·ÏÎfi˜, ÀÛÙÂÚÔ¯·ÏÎfi˜

¶ÚÒÈÌË Ã·ÏÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·, ª¤ÛË Ã·ÏÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·, ⁄ÛÙÂÚË Ã·ÏÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·

ABRÉVIATIONS 11

BCH Suppl. 52



Aegina Kolonna in the Middle Bronze Age*

Walter GAUSS and Rudolfine SMETANA

BCH Suppl. 52

RÉSUMÉ Kolonna d’Égine au Bronze Moyen

Au début du BM les importations et la technologie minoennes font leur première apparition àKolonna, tandis que la production céramique connaît des changements majeurs, dont témoignentles débuts de la céramique à peinture mate d’Égine. C’est aussi à cette époque que fut fondé lenoyau primitif du complexe dit du Grand Bâtiment, qui avait très probablement une fonctionadministrative et résidentielle. Ce bâtiment, d’une superficie comprise entre 230 et 680 m2, futagrandi à l’époque de la tombe à fosse d’Égine et demeura en usage jusqu’au début du BR. Unefosse à l’intérieur du complexe a livré deux objets cylindriques en terre cuite, décorés de figureshumaines, animales et de spirales. Ces deux objets sont uniques, non seulement à Kolonna, maisdans toute la Grèce continentale. Ils pourraient suggérer des pratiques administratives etbureaucratiques, qui, à cette époque, ne sont guère connues qu’en Crète et dans des contréesbeaucoup plus lointaines. Le complexe du Grand Bâtiment, la tombe à fosse, le trésor d’Égine,le riche matériel céramique à la fois local et importé, les deux objets en terre cuite, tout cela metune fois de plus en évidence la place exceptionnelle, voire unique, qu’occupe le site de Kolonnad’Égine au BM.

ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ Η Κολόνα της Αίγινας κατά τη Μέση Εποχή του Χαλκού

™ÙÈ˜ ·Ú¯¤˜ ÙË˜ ª∂Ã ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙËÓ ∫ÔÏfiÓ· ÌÈÓˆÈÎ¤˜ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ¤˜ Î·È ÌÈÓˆÈÎ‹ÙÂ¯ÓÔÏÔÁ›·, ÂÓÒ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎ¤˜ ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÙÔÌ¤· ÙË˜ ÎÂÚ·ÌÈÎ‹˜ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜,fiÔ˘ ··ÓÙ¿ ÁÈ· ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿ Ë Î·ÙËÁÔÚ›· Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ ˜ ·ÈÁÈÓ›ÙÈÎË ·Ì·˘Úfi¯ÚˆÌË ÁÚ·Ù‹ÎÂÚ·ÌÈÎ‹. ΔfiÙÂ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒıËÎÂ Î·È Ô ˘Ú‹Ó·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÔÓÔÌ·˙fiÌÂÓÔ˘ ªÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ∫ÙËÚÈ·ÎÔ‡™˘ÁÎÚÔÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Î·Ù¿ ¿Û·Ó Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ· ˘‹ÚÍÂ ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈÎfi Î¤ÓÙÚÔ Î·È Ì¤Á·ÚÔ. ∞˘ÙfiÙÔ ÎÙ‹ÚÈÔ, Ô˘ Î·Ù·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ·fi 230 ¤ˆ˜ 680 Ù.Ì., ÂÂÎÙ¿ıËÎÂ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô ÙÔ˘·ÈÁÈÓ›ÙÈÎÔ˘ Ï·ÎÎÔÂÈ‰Ô‡˜ Ù¿ÊÔ˘ Î·È ‹Ù·Ó ÛÂ ¯Ú‹ÛË Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÈ˜ ·Ú¯¤˜ ÙË˜ À∂Ã. ŒÓ·˜ Ï¿ÎÎÔ˜ ÂÓÙfi˜ÙÔ˘ ÎÙËÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·¤ÊÂÚÂ ‰‡Ô ‹ÏÈÓ· Î˘ÏÈÓ‰ÚÈÎ¿ ·ÓÙÈÎÂ›ÌÂÓ· ‰È·ÎÔÛÌËÌ¤Ó· ÌÂ·ÓıÚÒÈÓÂ˜ Î·È ˙ˆÈÎ¤˜ ÌÔÚÊ¤˜ Î·È ÌÂ ÛÂ›ÚÂ˜. ∫·È Ù· ‰‡Ô ·ÓÙÈÎÂ›ÌÂÓ· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎ¿Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙËÓ ∞›ÁÈÓ·, ·ÏÏ¿ ÛÂ fiÏË ÙËÓ ËÂÈÚˆÙÈÎ‹ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·. ∞˘Ù¿ ›Ûˆ˜ ˘Ô‰ËÏÒÓÔ˘Ó‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈÎ¤˜ Î·È ÁÚ·ÊÂÈÔÎÚ·ÙÈÎ¤˜ Ú·ÎÙÈÎ¤˜, ·Ó¿ÏÔÁÂ˜ ·˘ÙÒÓ Ô˘ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ÂÎÂ›ÓË ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ ÛÙËÌÈÓˆÈÎ‹ ∫Ú‹ÙË Î·È ÛÂ ¿ÏÏÂ˜ ÈÔ ·ÔÌ·ÎÚ˘ÛÌ¤ÓÂ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜. ΔÔ ªÂÁ¿ÏÔ ∫ÙËÚÈ·Îfi ™˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÌ·,Ô Ï·ÎÎÔÂÈ‰‹˜ Ù¿ÊÔ˜, Ô ıËÛ·˘Úfi˜ ÙË˜ ∞›ÁÈÓ·˜, ÙÔ ÏÔ‡ÛÈÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÂÓÙfiÈ·˜ Î·È ÂÈÛËÁÌ¤ÓË˜ ÎÂÚ·ÌÈÎ‹˜Î·È Ù· ‰‡Ô ‹ÏÈÓ· Î˘ÏÈÓ‰ÚÈÎ¿ ·ÓÙÈÎÂ›ÌÂÓ· ˘ÔÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙Ô˘Ó ÁÈ· ¿ÏÏË Ì›· ÊÔÚ¿ ÙË ÌÂÁ¿ÏË – Î·ÈÈı·ÓÒ˜ ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎ‹ – ÛËÌ·Û›· ÙË˜ ı¤ÛË˜ «∫ÔÏfiÓ·» ÛÙËÓ ∞›ÁÈÓ· Î·Ù¿ ÙË ª∂Ã.

113_BCH Suppl 52_GaussSmet_BAT_113_BCH Suppl 52_GaussSmet_EP1 26/8/10 12:52 PM Page165

The following paper aims to highlight our most important new research and excavationwork at Kolonna since the year 2000.1 Based within the international project ‘ Synchroni-sation of the Eastern Mediterranean’, and the Austrian excavations at Kolonna, our workhas focused on the Middle Bronze Age history of the site. In order to clarify the MiddleBronze Age stratigraphic sequence at Kolonna a new excavation was started in the year2002 in the centre of the prehistoric city (Fig. 1, C).2 In order to learn more about life atKolonna in prehistoric times a special research project was initiated by us and generouslyfunded by INSTAP. The project is entitled ‘Aegina Kolonna. Subsistence and More’ andsome of the most important results achieved so far are dealt with in a series of paperswithin the proceedings of the Mesohelladika conference.3

166 Walter GAUSS and Rudolfine SMETANA

BCH Suppl. 52

* The authors want to thank all those who have supported the Aegina SCIEM 2000 project, particularly FlorensFelten and Manfred Bietak, representing the Aegina excavations and the SCIEM 2000 project. FriedrichKrinzinger and Georg Ladstätter, directors of the Austrian Archaeological Institute at Vienna and at Athens,respectively, have generously supported the research of one of the authors (WG) as well. The authors havefurther benefited from information helpfully shared in discussions with Mary Dabney, Erik Hallager, Evan-gelia Kiriatzi, Olga Krzyszkowska, Michael Lindblom, Ingo Pini, Jeremy Rutter and Jim Wright.

The following special abbreviations will be used:

GAUSS 2006 = W. GAUSS, “Minos auf Ägina – Beobachtungen zu den Beziehungen Äginas zu Kreta”, in E. CZERNY,I. HEIN, H. HUNGER et al. (eds.), Timelines. Studies in Honour of Manfred Bietak, vol. 2, p. 437-448.

GAUSS, SMETANA 2004 = W. GAUSS, R. SMETANA, “Bericht zur Keramik und Stratigraphie der Frühbronzezeit IIIaus Ägina Kolonna”, in Ägäische Frühzeit II.2, p. 1104-1113.

GAUSS, SMETANA 2007A = W. GAUSS, R. SMETANA, “Early and Middle Bronze Age Stratigraphy and Pottery fromAegina Kolonna”, in M. BIETAK, E. CZERNY (eds.), The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediter-ranean in the Second Millennium B.C. III. Proceedings of the SCIEM 2000 – 2nd EuroConference, Vienna, 28th ofMay – 1st of June 2003, p. 451-478.

GAUSS, SMETANA 2007B = W. GAUSS, R. SMETANA, “Aegina Kolonna. The Stratigraphic Sequence of the MiddleBronze Age”, in MH Pottery & Synchronisms, p. 57-80.

1. GAUSS 2006, p. 437, n. 2. For the newly found jewellery hoard at Kolonna see C. REINHOLDT (2004, supra,n. 1), and his forthcoming publication within the Aegina series.

2. O. DICKINSON, in this volume (supra, p. 17-18). – The unique importance of Aegina Kolonna has also beenstressed recently by RUTTER, Review II (1993), p. 775-781; 777, fig. 12.

3. For recent excavation reports see: F. FELTEN et al., “Ägina-Kolonna 2002. Vorbericht über die Grabungen desInstituts für Klassische Archäologie der Universität Salzburg”, ÖJh 72 (2003), p. 41-65; F. FELTEN et al.,“Ägina-Kolonna 2003. Vorbericht über die Grabungen des Instituts für Klassische Archäologie der UniversitätSalzburg”, ÖJh 73 (2004), p. 97-128; F. FELTEN et al., “Ägina-Kolonna 2004. Vorbericht über die Grabungendes Fachbereichs Altertumswissenschaften/Klassische und Frühägäische Archäologie der UniversitätSalzburg”, ÖJh 74 (2005), p. 7-37; F. FELTEN et al., “Ägina-Kolonna 2005. Vorbericht über die Grabungen desFachbereichs Altertumswissenschaften/Klassische und Frühägäische Archäologie der Universität Salzburg”,ÖJh 75 (2006), p. 9-38.


Regarding the final stages of the EH III period and the transition to the Middle BronzeAge, the Kolonna VI and VII settlement phases, we achieved interesting new results.Houses with curved walls have been found at various places throughout the site and itseems as if apsidal buildings were only erected in the final stages of the EH III period andthe transition to the Middle Bronze Age.4 A pottery complex excavated a few years agomay illustrate what latest EH III pottery at Kolonna looks like (Figs. 2, 3).5 Apart fromtypical EH III shapes such as Bass bowls, new shapes like the beaked jug (Fig. 2) and thenarrow-necked jug (Fig. 3) characterise the final stages of EH III. Both vessels areAeginetan by macroscopic and/or petrographic inspection and reflect at Kolonna influencesfrom the Cyclades for the first time since the end of the EH II period. We therefore thinkthat the final stages of the EH III period should be linked with the so called Phylakopi Iculture.6

The pottery attributed to the transition to the Middle Bronze Age shows close similaritieswith the transitional Early to Middle Helladic pottery at the site of Lerna in the Argolid.7

At Kolonna grey pottery is more frequently found than before and most open vessels arenow solidly painted with a dark paint and sometimes heavily burnished.8 The shoulder

AEGINA KOLONNA IN THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE 167

BCH Suppl. 52

For recent reports on prehistoric pottery research see: GAUSS 2006; id., “Aegina Kolonna in the Bronze Age”,BICS 50 (2007), p. 205-206; id., “Ägina Kolonna in frühmykenischer Zeit”, in E. ALRAM-STERN,G. NIGHTINGALE (eds.), Keimelion. Elitenbildung und elitärer Konsum von der mykenischen Palastzeit bis zur home-rischen Epoche. Akten des internationalen Kongresses vom 3. bis 5. Februar 2005 in Salzburg (2007), p. 163-172;W. GAUSS, R. SMETANA, “ The Early Helladic III Pottery from Aegina Kolonna”, in M. BIETAK (ed.), TheSynchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. II. Proceedings of theSCIEM 2000 – EuroConference, Haindorf 2nd of May – 7th of May 2001 (2003), p. 471-486; GAUSS, SMETANA

2004, 2007A, 2007B; W. GAUSS, R. SMETANA, “Aegina and the Cyclades in the Bronze Age”, in Horizon, p. 325-338.

For further most recent studies concerning EBA Aegina see: L. BERGER, “Neue Ergebnisse zur FH II-Keramikaus der prähistorischen Innenstadt”, in Ägäische Frühzeit II.2, p. 1093-1103; C. REINHOLDT, “Der früh-bronzezeitliche Schmuck-Hortfund von Kap Kolonna / Ägina”, ibid., p. 1113-1119.

4. Other important areas of prehistoric investigations at Kolonna are: Fig. 1, A: Prehistoric Fortification Wall:Alt-Ägina III.1; Fig. 1, B: so called Inner City: F. FELTEN, S. HILLER, “Ausgrabungen in der vorgeschichtlichenInnenstadt von Ägina-Kolonna (Alt-Ägina)”, ÖJh Beiblatt 65 (1996), p. 29-112; eid., “Forschungen zur Früh-bronzezeit auf Ägina-Kolonna 1993-2002”, in Ägäische Frühzeit II.2, p. 1090-1092; Fig. 1, D and F: Exten-sions of the Prehistoric City: W. WOHLMAYR, “Aegina Kolonna”, in MH Pottery & Synchronisms, p. 45-55;Fig. 1, E: Shaft Grave: Alt-Ägina IV.3.

5. See in this volume the contributions of F. KANZ, G. FORSTENPOINTER, A. GALIK, with their collaborators respec-tively, infra, p. 479-487, 733-742, 743-751.

6. F. FELTEN, S. HILLER (2004, supra, n. 1), p. 1092; GAUSS, SMETANA 2004, p. 1109-1112; W. GAUSS, R. SMETANA,in Horizon, p. 325-338.

7. See also GAUSS, SMETANA 2004, p. 1109-1112, pl. 11, 2-5; 12-13; GAUSS, SMETANA 2007A, p. 4-5, fig. 8-12;GAUSS, SMETANA 2007B, p. 60.

8. See also GAUSS, SMETANA 2004, p. 1111-1112; GAUSS, SMETANA 2007B, p. 60.


zone and the interior side of the rim of Bass bowls are now often decorated with horizontalgrooves or are thickened and pronounced; both features are not found in earlier potteryphases.9 Clear potters’ marks make their first appearance on locally produced pottery.10

Typical are also large and small bowls with an incurving rim, either unpainted or solidlypainted.11 So-called Lustrous Decorated pottery and non Aeginetan Matt-Painted potteryappear for the very first time, though in small quantities.12 Cycladic imports are presentbut also only in small quantities.13 So far absent is the typical Aeginetan Matt-Paintedpottery and Minoan imports.14

The first appearance of Aeginetan Matt-Painted pottery and its range of motifs within thisinitial stage is still not well understood. However, major changes not only in pottery pro-duction happen within the first initial stages of the Middle Bronze Age, most likely withinthe Kolonna VIII settlement phase. Minoan pottery and technology reach the site for thefirst time15 and the nucleus of the so-called Large Building Complex was founded then, ifnot even slightly earlier. So far at least three major architectural phases of this building, aswell as a number of minor changes, can be differentiated (Fig. 4). The first phase uses ex-tremely large undressed blocks, indicating perhaps an upper storey. The second phase ischaracterised by a substantial raising of some floor levels. In the third phase a wall madeof smaller stones was abutted against the inner face of the original wall. Fig. 4 shows apreliminary reconstruction of the Large Building Complex based on the excavation and re-search results until 2006. The grey areas represent public space, streets and paths and thedark green area the massive fortifications of the innermost settlement. The plan and or-ganisation of the Large Building Complex are under study right now. Unfortunately theClassical, Hellenistic and late Roman building activity and the pre-World War II excava-tions disturbed larger parts of the complex and therefore make a reconstruction difficult.The original building is most likely even larger than shown, but more excavation work andresearch is needed to clarify its precise extension. In the following phases the building wasextended and measures so far as can be determined almost 30 m in north-south direction.The extension towards the north resulted in the blocking of an old street that now had tobe redirected. The extension to the south was partly cleared in the 2006 excavation season.An approximately east-west orientated street marks the southern limit of the building. The


BCH Suppl. 52

9. Lerna: ZERNER, Beginning, p. 191. – Aegina Kolonna: GAUSS, SMETANA 2007A and 2007B.

10. GAUSS, SMETANA 2007A, p. 5, fig. 15: 1-6; fig. 16: 1-6.

11. Ibid., p. 5.

12. Ibid., p. 5, fig. 15: 4; fig. 16: 4.

13. Ibid., p. 5, fig. 16: 7-9; fig. 17: 7-9.

14. Ibid., p. 5, fig. 15: 10-11; fig. 16: 10-11.

15. Ibid., p. 5.


street connects the southern gate of the fortification wall with the innermost part of the set-tlement.16 Many questions concerning the building complex still need to be answered andwe hope that our ongoing research will result in a better understanding of its plan and or-ganisation.17 Depending on how it is reconstructed, the Large Building Complex coveredan area between 230 and 680 m2. Even the smallest reconstruction, representing the initialphase, covers an area that is almost four times larger than the average Middle Bronze Agehouse at Kolonna (ca. 60 m2). The largest so far reconstructed extension occupies an areaten times larger. The impressive size of the Large Building Complex is furthermore demon-strated by a comparison with other large-scale Middle Bronze Age buildings: The “MansionI” at the Menelaion site is approximately 520 m2 large and therefore a bit smaller than thelargest reconstruction at Kolonna. Even buildings such as House D at Asine (ca. 190 m2)are not as large as the smallest reconstruction of the Kolonna building.18

Associated with the Large Building Complex enormous amounts of pottery and animalbones have been found. Some of the materials published by Gerhard Forstenpointner andhis collaborators in this volume were found there, including a lion bone. The pottery com-prises imported Minoan pottery as well as local on Aegina produced pottery of Minoantype,19 traditional Aeginetan Matt-Painted and solidly painted pottery,20 and imports fromthe Cycladic islands.21 We associate the second stage of the Large Building Complex withthe Kolonna IX settlement phase that is dated to the advanced Middle Bronze Age.22 Thisis also the time when the settlement extended towards the east and the Aeginetan shaftgrave was built in front of the easternmost fortification walls.23

The final use of the Large Building Complex is now dated to the Late Helladic I period.Associated with this late use an important pottery deposit of LH I date was found.24 Themost diagnostic feature amongst others is perhaps the first appearance of MainlandBichrome painted pottery.25 It is also most interesting to note that the layers superseding


BCH Suppl. 52

16. Ibid., p. 5.

17. For more detailed information and further references on Minoan influence at Aegina Kolonna see also GAUSS

2006.

18. Alt-Ägina III.1, p. 80-82, fig. 56-58 (for the so-called Südstraße within the Kolonna IX settlement phase).

19. One of the so far unsolved questions concerns the entrance(s); so far we do not know whether or not the LargeBuilding Complex was accessed from the street at its southern end.

20. R. BARBER, “ The Origins of the Mycenaean Palace”, in J. M. SANDARS (ed.), ºÈÏÔÏ¿ÎˆÓ. Lakonian Studies inHonour of Hector Catling (1992), p. 11-13.

21. GAUSS 2006, p. 439, fig. 4, 5-10; GAUSS, SMETANA 2007B, p. 63-64, fig. 8.

22. GAUSS 2006, p. 439, fig. 4, 11-12; GAUSS, SMETANA 2007B, p. 63, fig. 8-9.

23. GAUSS 2006, p. 439, fig. 4, 1-4; GAUSS, SMETANA 2007B, p. 64, fig. 9.

24. On the Kolonna IX pottery and chronology see also Pevkakia III, p. 327-328.

25. Alt-Ägina III.1, p. 72-82; IV.3, p. 66.


the LH I deposit produced the first attested pumice fragment from the Theran VolcanicDestruction.26 However, one has to keep in mind that the uppermost layers are slightlycontaminated by the late Classical building activity.As to the absolute chronology we hope that a series of C14 dates from short-lived samplesnow under analysis at the VERA laboratory in Vienna will provide us with reliable dateson the entire Middle Bronze Age and early Late Bronze Age stratified sequence at Kolonnaand will contribute to the general questions of absolute chronology in the central Aegean.27

The 2005 excavations within the limits of the Large Building Complex brought to lighthigh quality imported and locally produced pottery lying on a floor horizon. Unfortunatelythe pre-World War II excavations partly dug this area, but what was left unexcavated isstill astonishing (Figs. 5-6). Almost complete or largely mendable Minoan imports andlocal Aeginetan pottery of Minoan type were found.28 Amongst the traditional Aeginetanpottery a Matt-Painted miniature barrel jar with a potmark and a large Bass bowl with in-cised decoration are worth mentioning, as well as fragments of amphorae or jugs decoratedwith segmented circles.29 The pattern of the latter is also found on three Matt-Painted am-phorae in the shaft grave of Aegina Kolonna.30 The most important find, however, wasdetected in a pit, again partly dug by the earlier excavators. It contained masses of ad-vanced and late Middle Bronze Age pottery and two cylindrical clay objects decorated withfigural motives (Figs. 7-8).31 Both are of local Aeginetan clay according to macroscopic in-spection. The first object (Fig. 7) is almost complete and its decoration is carved deeplyinto the clay and therefore may be called a cylinder seal. It shows a seated human with anextended arm. A scorpion with a raised tail and a stylised spiral are also visible in front ofthe seated person. The second clay object (Fig. 8) is again a cylinder but with a positiverelief decoration. At least three seated persons with raised arms, as well as two scorpions,a large and a small one, and two caprids are visible. Both clay objects are so far uniquefinds at Kolonna and one wonders if and wherefrom the objects and the motives might


BCH Suppl. 52

26. GAUSS, SMETANA 2007B, p. 65, fig. 12.

27. Ibid., p. 65, fig. 12 (Q6/18-6, -13). See also ibid., n. 70 on the importance of the so-called Mainland Poly-chrome pottery.

28. M. BICHLER et al., “Zur Identifikation von Bimssteinfunden aus Grabungen in Tel Megadim und AeginaKolonna”, in E. CZERNY et al. (eds.), Timelines. Studies in Honour of Manfred Bietak (2006), p. 253-260.

29. For most recent data for the volcanic destruction at Thera see: S. W. MANNING et al., “Chronology for theAegean Late Bronze Age 1700–1400 B.C.”, Science 312 (2006), p. 565-569; W. L. FRIEDRICH et al., “SantoriniEruption Radiocarbon Dated to 1627–1600 B.C.”, Science 312 (2006), p. 548.

30. GAUSS, SMETANA 2007B, p. 63-64, fig. 9 (Q3/181-5, Q3/195-5, Q3/198-1); F. FELTEN et al. 2006 (supra, n. 1),p. 34, fig. 34.

31. F. FELTEN et al. 2006 (supra, n. 1), p. 35, fig. 36.


have been inspired.32 It is difficult to imagine that the Aeginetan pattern painted potterywas the primary source, as it is mainly decorated with geometric motives apart from a veryfew exceptions.33 Furthermore cylinder seals are generally not frequently found in the Cen-tral Aegean area,34 and clay as raw material is hardly used for them; so far only one cylinderseal of clay has been detected by us.35

Decorated cylindrical clay objects, the use of positive relief, and the entire iconographicalcomposition are without close parallel in the Minoan and Mycenaean seal iconography.36

Single motives such as the spiral, however, are known in Aegean iconography.37 Scorpionsare less common and may point towards a Near-Eastern influence.38

These objects may point our understanding towards a kind of administration and bureau-cracy, so far only known from Minoan Crete or further east and once more stress theimportant role of Aegina as perhaps “the first state in the Aegean outside Crete”.39

Conclusion

During the final stages of the EH III period at Kolonna curved, apsidal structures maketheir first appearance and Cycladic influence and Cycladic imports appear for the first timesince the end of the EH II period. The transition to the Middle Bronze is characterised bya number of distinct features in pottery production including the beginning of pot-markingthe locally produced vessels.At the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age Minoan imports and Minoan technology reachKolonna and major changes in the local pottery production happen, particularly the firstappearance of Aeginetan matt painted pottery. In the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age


BCH Suppl. 52

32. Alt-Ägina IV.3, p. 66, cat. no. 19.

33. Cf. Alt-Ägina IV.2 for motives of Matt-Painted pottery.34. The two cylindrical objects will be dealt with extensively in another paper by the authors.

35. See for example Alt-Ägina IV.2, pl. 14: 75; pl. 35-37: 158; pl. 38: 162; pl. 97: 597-598; pl. 103: 651-652;pl. 108: 694.

36. I. PINI, “Kypro-ägäische Rollsiegel. Ein Beitrag zur Definition und Ursprung der Gruppe”, JdI 95 (1980),p. 103, n. 99, lists 13 cylinder seals ranging in date between EM II/III and MM III. In n. 100 Pini lists cylinderseals of late LBA date, found in Crete and on the mainland; on p. 107 n. 111, he lists further seals andsealings of Cyrpiote origin. – For cylinder seals see also O. KRZYSZKOWSKA, Aegean Seals. An Introduction, BICSSuppl. 85 (2005), p. 302-304. – For Mitanni cylinder seals of the “Common Style” found in Greece see: I. PINI,“Mitanni-Rollsiegel des Common Style aus Griechenland”, PZ 58 (1983), p. 114-126, and O. KRZYSZKOWSKA

(supra), p. 302 with n. 120.

37. E. PORADA, “Appendix I: Seals”, in P. DIKAIOS, Enkomi II: Excavations 1948-1958 (1971), p. 798, cat. no. 15.

38. The authors express their thanks for information helpfully shared by M. Dabney, E. Hallager,O. Krzyszkowska and I. Pini.

39. On the importance of the spiral in the Aegean see most recently S. HILLER, “ The Spiral as a Sign of Sover-eignty and Power”, in Autochthon, p. 259-270.


also the nucleus of the so called Large Building Complex, the probable administrativecentre and mansion of Kolonna, was founded. The building existed until the LH I/II periodand a number of building phases can be discerned throughout its lifetime. The so far re-constructed plan covers an area between 230 and 680 m2, a size not reached by far by anyother contemporary building at the site. Within it the appearance of high quality pottery(local and imported) and Aeginetan locally produced Minoan type pottery emphasize theimportance of the Large Building Complex and of the entire site. In a pit associated withthe building two cylindrical clay objects, one a seal and the other an object adorned in pos-itive relief, are made of local clay, and decorated with humans, animals and spirals.40 Bothobjects are unique finds not only at Kolonna but also on the Greek mainland. The LargeBuilding Complex, the shaft grave, the Aegina treasure, the rich ceramic finds of locallyproduced and imported pottery, the seal and the stamp emphasise once again the majorand perhaps unique importance of Aegina Kolonna in the Middle Bronze Age, and weagree with Oliver Dickinson and others that Aegina Kolonna is different from all other set-tlements.41


BCH Suppl. 52

40. For scorpions and their connection to the Mitanni glyptic see I. PINI (supra, n. 36), p. 92, n. 5.

41. W.-D. NIEMEIER, “Aegina, First Aegean State outside Crete?”, in Politeia, p. 73-80; O. DICKINSON in this volume(supra, p. 17-18, 25-26).

Fig. 1. – Aegina Kolonna. Schematic plan.



BCH Suppl. 52

Fig. 2-3. – Late EH III pottery from Kolonna (Ceramic Phase F).Fig. 4. – Schematic reconstruction of the Large Building Complex.

2 3

4



BCH Suppl. 52

Fig. 5-6. – Minoan and Aeginetan pottery from the new excavation area.Fig. 7-8. – Cylindrical clay objects with positive and negative relief.

5 6

7 8


CONCLUSION

The major question at issue in this conference is: “Have we made progress in our knowledgeof mainland Greece during the Middle Bronze Age?” The answer is indisputably yes, evenif there remain many avenues for further research. Oliver Dickinson opened the conferenceby expressing his hope that we would learn much new about this phase of Greek prehistory,broaden our horizons, and ask new questions. The subsequent four days of papers rangedover many areas and themes and it is clear from listening to them that we have succeededin informing each other in ways that make for a much more nuanced understanding ofthis period than we had before we arrived.This progress has been made in three different respects. First is geographical. Regions whichhad been largely unknown and under-appreciated such as Elis, Achaia, Aetolia, Phthiotis-Lokris, Thessaly, and the Spercheios Valley, are now understood to be important and excitingareas for research. Important settlements which were not known in enough detail are muchclearer thanks to reports given here. For examples we can point to Thebes, Dimini andKirrha, among many others. Second is chronological. We are now at a point where, especiallythanks to the patient and careful work of all of our colleagues in the Archaeological Service,we can provide an archaeological definition of MH I and MH II, at least within restrictedregions ; and this is not limited to the study of ceramics but also leads to an emerging under-standing of the organization of settlement and to indications of the directions of interactionamong different regions. Third is thematic. Of the approximately 70 communications, lessthan a dozen focused on ceramics (although this subject was often recognized as a componentof other papers) and just slightly fewer focused on burials and funerary customs. Yet if the

BCH Suppl. 52

800_BCH Suppl. 52_Conclusion_BAT 12/9/10 6:33 PM Page1037

conference had taken place 10 or 15 years before, without doubt many more papers wouldhave addressed these themes, because at that time they monopolized our interests.This signifies, without any disrespect for these subjects, how scholarly interest has matured.Henceforth many other important subjects, such as lithics, architecture and settlement,economy, subsistence and modes of life, and social structure will drive our research.A number of presentations here have illustrated also the importance of attention to highlydetailed and scientific applications that have the potential to revise fundamentally our tra-ditional view of Middle Helladic societies. All these new and enlarged themes are owed toa transformation in the approaches Aegean archaeologists take to their fields of study, andwe can take pride that our international community cooperates not only in research butalso in training and that our host country of Greece continues to welcome new approachesand new ideas in the study of its past.The attention to the geographic spread of Middle Helladic cultures and the variety of inter-connections among different regions of Greece bears further comment. We are especiallygrateful to the participants for presenting much important new material, for bringing to lightold material that was insufficiently known, and for focusing on the interpretation of evidenceat many levels. As already noted, we have come to appreciate much better, thanks to thereports presented here, the vitality and viability of different regions. The papers have openedour eyes to settlement around the Saronic Gulf, throughout Attika, in Lokris and Thessaly,throughout the Corinthian Gulf and its opening to the West, in the southwesternPeloponnesos, in relationship to the Cycladic islands and those of the northeast Aegean, andof course in relation to Crete.Of special notice are the reports that show the strong relations among Thessaly, Lokris, andPhokis and their relationship to the Corinthian Gulf. Discussion of settlements along theCorinthian Gulf show how they are interconnected, thus emphasizing its important role asa corridor connecting the Saronic Region at the east with Western Greece. From there, fol-lowing on several reports, we are reminded that during the Middle Bronze Age knowledgeof the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian coasts was increased and even that the geography of theWestern Mediterranean was within the ken of these peoples. When we look eastwards intothe Aegean, several reports make clear the fundamental importance for mainlanders of con-nections to the islands, whether looking at local relations with the important offshore islandsof Aegina and Keos or the Cyclades, with their emerging gateway communities that con-trolled access to Crete.Also of interest is the role of Crete during this period. Several of the papers point to Cretaninterest in metals, not least a reason for Cretan interest in the northern and northeasternAegean as more advanced forms of copper and bronze metallurgy begin to take hold. Weneed continuously reassess the role of Crete at this time, since as the work at Kythera demon-strates, it is not as straightforward as models of Cretan “colonization” of the Aegean hadpreviously led scholars to believe.

BCH Suppl. 52

1038 CONCLUSION


The outstanding work of our colleagues in the Archaeological Service deserves further notice.Without their reports on new discoveries, their restudy of old material that commands ourattention, and their assessment of the details of stratigraphy, ceramic development, and evi-dence of interconnections, this conference would not have succeeded. What has been pro-vided to the conferees as a result of these reports is nothing less than a rewriting of theMiddle Helladic as a cultural period. In connection with this work, the many papers whichreevaluated different aspects of Middle Helladic culture and its social practices, provide uswith a picture of a culture that is distinctly Middle Helladic, yet remains one without a strongcenter. In this regard the mosaic of regional and local forms that come into view is especiallytantalizing as a picture of what we know was to come in the Late Bronze Age. Middle HelladicGreece is not merely an appendage of Early Helladic nor only a prelude to the Mycenaeans.It was a vigorous and dynamic interregional cultural phenomenon that established socialand economic relations in a fashion that was different from the small centralized politiesof the Early Bronze Age. At a time when new connections were forged and older onesreestablished, it was a new beginning, but hardly the one of stagnant cultural practices andan immobilized and impoverished population that most of us have been taught. There aremany lessons for us to draw from the proceedings and we hope that they will bring to awider public the interest and excitement shown by the participants at the conference.

The editors

BCH Suppl. 52

CONCLUSION 1039



TABLE DES MATIÈRES

Préface, par Dominique MULLIEZ, Directeur de l’EFA, ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1Stephen V. TRACY, Directeur de l’ASCSA et ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2Gert Jan VAN WIJNGARTEN, Directeur du NIA ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3Liste des abréviations ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

Conférence inaugurale, par Oliver DICKINSON : The “Third World” of the Aegean? Middle Helladic GreeceRevisited ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

I. ΤOPOGRAPHIE ET HABITAT

Katie DEMAKOPOULOU and Nicoletta DIVARI-VALAKOU, The Middle Helladic Settlement on the Acropolisof Midea ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31-44

Άλκηστη ΠΑΠΑΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ, Οι ανασκαφές στο Νοσοκομείο του Άργους ................................................................................. 45-56

Kim SHELTON, Living and Dying in and around Middle Helladic Mycenae ................................................................................................ 57-65

Eleni KONSOLAKI-YIANNOPOULOU, The Middle Helladic Establishment at Megali Magoula, Galatas(Troezenia) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 67-76

Joost CROUWEL, Middle Helladic Occupation at Geraki, Laconia ....................................................................................................................................... 77-86

Eλένη ZΑΒΒΟΎ, Eυρήματα της μεσοελλαδικής και της πρώιμης μυκηναϊκής εποχής από τηΣπάρτη και τη Λακωνία ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 87-99

Jack L. DAVIS and Sharon R. STOCKER, Early Helladic and Middle Helladic Pylos : The PetropoulosTrenches and Pre-Mycenaean Remains on the Englianos Ridge ...................................................................................................................................... 101-106

Jörg RAMBACH, Πρόσφατες έρευνες σε μεσοελλαδικές θέσεις της δυτικής Πελοποννήσου ..................... 107-119Søren DIETZ and Maria STAVROPOULOU-GATSI, Pagona and the Transition from Middle Helladic to Myce-naean in Northwestern Peloponnese ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 121-128

Lena PAPAZOGLOU-MANIOUDAKI, The Middle Helladic and Late Helladic I Periods at Aigion in Achaia ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 129-141

Eva ALRAM-STERN, Aigeira and the Beginning of the Middle Helladic Period in Achaia .......................................... 143-150

Michaela ZAVADIL, The Peloponnese in the Middle Bronze Age : An Overview ......................................................................... 151-163

Walter GAUSS and Rudolfine SMETANA, Aegina Kolonna in the Middle Bronze Age ..................................................... 165-174

Naya SGOURITSA, Lazarides on Aegina: Another Prehistoric Site (poster) .......................................................................................... 175-180

Γιάννος Γ. ΛΩΛΟΣ, Σκλάβος: ένα μεσοελλαδικό ορόσημο στη νότια ακτή της Σαλαμίνος(αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 181-185

BCH Suppl. 52

900_BCH Suppl. 52_Table des mat_BAT 12/9/10 6:38 PM Page1041

Γιάννα ΒΕΝΙΕΡΗ, Νέα στοιχεία για την κατοίκηση στη νότια πλευρά της Ακρόπολης των Αθηνών κατάτη μεσοελλαδική περίοδο: ευρήματα από την ανασκαφήστο οικόπεδο Μακρυγιάννη ............................ 187-198

Όλγα ΚΑΚΑΒΟΓΙΑΝΝΗ και Κερασία ΝΤΟΥΝΗ, Η μεσοελλαδική εποχή στη νοτιοανατολικήΑττική .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 199-210

Konstantinos KALOGEROPOULOS, Middle Helladic Human Activity in Eastern Attica: The Case of Brauron .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 211-221

Jeannette FORSÉN, Aphidna in Attica Revisited ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 223-234

† Μαρία ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΑΚΟΥ, Μεσοελλαδικές θέσεις στη Λαυρεωτική και τη νοτιοανατολική Αττική(αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 235-242

Nikolas PAPADIMITRIOU, Attica in the Middle Helladic Period ......................................................................................................................................... 243-257

Φωτεινή ΣΑΡΑΝΤΗ, Νέοι οικισμοί της Μέσης Εποχής του Χαλκού στην επαρχία Ναυπακτίας(αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 259-267

Sylvie MÜLLER CELKA, L’occupation d’Érétrie (Eubée) à l’Helladique Moyen (poster) ........................................... 269-279

Λιάνα ΠΑΡΛΑΜΑ, Mαρία ΘΕΟΧΑΡΗ, Σταμάτης ΜΠΟΝΑΤΣΟΣ, Xριστίνα PΩΜΑΝΟΥ και Γιάννης MΑΝΟΣ,Παλαμάρι Σκύρου: η πόλη της Mέσης Xαλκοκρατίας (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) .............................. 281-289

Anthi BATZIOU-EFSTATHIOU, Kastraki, a New Bronze Age Settlement in Achaea Phthiotis ............................... 291-300

Βασιλική ΑΔΡΥΜΗ-ΣΙΣΜΑΝΗ, Το Διμήνι στη Μέση Εποχή Χαλκού ....................................................................................................... 301-313

Λεωνίδας Π. ΧΑΤΖΗΑΓΓΕΛΑΚΗΣ, Νεότερα ανασκαφικά δεδομένα της Μέσης Εποχής Χαλκού στοΝομό Καρδίτσας ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 315-329

II. PRATIQUES FUNÉRAIRES ET ANTHROPOLOGIE PHYSIQUE

Anna LAGIA and William CAVANAGH, Burials from Kouphovouno, Sparta, Lakonia ...................................................... 333-346

Eleni MILKA, Burials upon the Ruins of Abandoned Houses in the Middle Helladic Argolid ......................... 347-355

Ελένη ΠΑΛΑΙΟΛΟΓΟΥ, Μεσοελλαδικοί τάφοι από τη Μιδέα .................................................................................................................................. 357-365

Olivier PELON, Les tombes à fosse de Mycènes : rupture ou continuité ? ................................................................................................. 367-376

Vassilis ARAVANTINOS and Kyriaki PSARAKI, The Middle Helladic Cemeteries of Thebes. General Reviewand Remarks in the Light of New Investigations and Finds ................................................................................................................................................... 377-395

Laetitia PHIALON, Funerary Practices in Central Greece from the Middle Helladic into the Early MycenaeanPeriod (poster) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 397-402

Vassilis P. PETRAKIS, Diversity in Form and Practice in Middle Helladic and Early Mycenaean ElaborateTombs: An Approach to Changing Prestige Expression in Changing Times ........................................................................................ 403-416

Maia POMADÈRE, De l’indifférenciation à la discrimination spatiale des sépultures ? Variété des comportementsà l’égard des enfants morts pendant l’HM-HR I ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 417-429

Florian RUPPENSTEIN, Gender and Regional Differences in Middle Helladic Burial Customs.............................. 431-439

Sevi TRIANTAPHYLLOU, Prospects for Reconstructing the Lives of Middle Helladic Populations in the Argolid:Past and Present of Human Bone Studies ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 441-451

BCH Suppl. 52

1042 TABLE DES MATIÈRES


Abi BOUWMAN, Keri BROWN and John PRAG, Middle Helladic Kinship : Families, Faces and DNA atMycenae .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 453-459

Robert ARNOTT and Antonia MORGAN-FORSTER, Health and Disease in Middle Helladic Greece ....... 461-470

Anne INGVARSSON-SUNDSTRÖM, Tooth Counts and Individuals: Health Status in the East Cemetery andBarbouna at Asine as Interpreted from Teeth (poster) ........................................................................................................................................................................ 471-477

Fabian KANZ, Karl GROSSSCHMIDT and Jan KIESSLICH, Subsistence and more in Middle Bronze Age AeginaKolonna : An Anthropology of Newborn Children (poster) ................................................................................................................................................. 479-487

Leda KOVATSI, Dimitra NIKOU, Sofia KOUIDOU-ANDREOU, Sevi TRIANTAPHYLLOU, Carol ZERNER and SofiaVOUTSAKI, Ancient DNA Analysis of Human Remains from Middle Helladic Lerna (poster) ....................... 489-494

III. UNIVERS SYMBOLIQUE ET RITUEL

Evyenia YIANNOULI, Middle Helladic between Minoan and Mycenaean: On the Symbolic Meaning of Offen-sive Instruments ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 497-507

Fritz BLAKOLMER, The Iconography of the Shaft Grave Period as Evidence for a Middle Helladic Traditionof Figurative Arts? ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 509-519

Anthi THEODOROU-MAVROMMATIDI, Defining Ritual Action. A Middle Helladic Pit at the Site of ApolloMaleatas in Epidauros .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 521-533

Helène WHITTAKER, Some Thoughts on Middle Helladic Religious Beliefs and Ritual and their Significancein Relation to Social Structure ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 535-543

Alexandra TRANTA-NIKOLI, Elements of Middle Helladic Religious Tradition and their Survival in Myce-naean Religion (poster) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 545-548

IV. CÉRAMIQUE ET CHRONOLOGIE

Michael B. COSMOPOULOS, The Middle Helladic Stratigraphy of Eleusis .................................................................................................... 551-556

Αικατερίνη ΣΤΑΜΟΥΔH, Η μεσοελλαδική κατοίκηση στο Κάστρο Λαμίας. Κεραμεικές ακολουθίεςκαι ιδιαιτερότητες στην κοιλάδα του Σπερχειού ....................................................................................................................................................................... 557-571

Fanouria DAKORONIA, Delphi-Kirrha-Pefkakia via Spercheios Valley : Matt-Painted Pottery as Sign of Inter-communication ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 573-581

Μαρία-Φωτεινή ΠΑΠΑΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ και Δημήτρης Ν. ΣΑΚΚΑΣ, Μεσοελλαδική κεραμική από τοΑμούρι στην κοιλάδα του Σπερχειού (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ...................................................................................................... 583-590

Ελένη ΦΡΟΥΣΣΟΥ, Η μετάβαση από τη Μέση στην Ύστερη Εποχή Χαλκού στο Νέο ΜοναστήριΦθιώτιδας (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 591-601

Kalliope SARRI, Minyan and Minyanizing Pottery. Myth and Reality about a Middle Helladic Type Fossil ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 603-613

John C. OVERBECK, The Middle Helladic Origin of “Shaft-Grave Polychrome” Ware ..................................................... 615-619

BCH Suppl. 52

TABLE DES MATIÈRES 1043


Iro MATHIOUDAKI, “Mainland Polychrome” Pottery : Definition, Chronology, Typological Correlations ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 621-633

Walter GAUSS, Aegina Kolonna. Pottery Classification and Research Database (poster) .......................................... 635-640

Sofia VOUTSAKI, Albert NIJBOER and Carol ZERNER, Radiocarbon Analysis and Middle Helladic Lerna (poster) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 641-647

V. PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGIE ET ÉCONOMIE

Δέσποινα ΣΚΟΡΔΑ, Κίρρα: οι κεραμεικοί κλίβανοι του προϊστορικού οικισμού στη μετάβαση απότη μεσοελλαδική στην υστεροελλαδική εποχή .............................................................................................................................................................................. 651-668

Lindsay SPENCER, The Regional Specialisation of Ceramic Production in the EH III through MH II Period ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 669-681

Evangelia KIRIATZI, “Minoanising” Pottery Traditions in the Southwest Aegean during the Middle BronzeAge: Understanding the Social Context of Technological and Consumption Practice .......................................................... 683-699

Maria KAYAFA, Middle Helladic Metallurgy and Metalworking : Review of the Archaeological and Archaeo-metric Evidence from the Peloponnese ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 701-711

Ιωάννης Δ. ΦΑΠΠΑΣ, Από τη Μέση στην Ύστερη Εποχή Χαλκού: μια οικοτεχνική δραστηριότηταστον Βοιωτικό Ορχομενό .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 713-719

Armelle GARDEISEN, Approche comparative de contextes du Bronze Moyen égéen à travers les données del’archéozoologie ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 721-732

Gerhard FORSTENPOINTNER, Alfred GALIK, Gerald E. WEISSENGRUBER, Stefan ZOHMANN,Ursula THANHEISER and Walter GAUSS, Subsistence and more in Middle Bronze Age Aegina Kolonna :Patterns of Husbandry, Hunting and Agriculture .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 733-742

Alfred GALIK, Stefan ZOHMANN, Gerhard FORSTENPOINTNER, Gerald WEISSENGRUBER and Walter GAUSS,Subsistence and more in Middle Bronze Age Aegina Kolonna : Exploitation of Marine Resources (poster) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 743-751

VI. ORGANISATION ET ÉVOLUTION SOCIALES

John BINTLIFF, The Middle Bronze Age through the Surface Survey Record of the Greek Mainland: Demo-graphic and Sociopolitical Insights ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 755-763

Sofia VOUTSAKI, The Domestic Economy in Middle Helladic Asine ........................................................................................................................ 765-779

Anna PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, Settlement Planning and Social Organisation in Middle Helladic Greece .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 781-801

James C. WRIGHT, Towards a Social Archaeology of Middle Helladic Greece ....................................................................................... 803-815

Louise A. HITCHCOCK and Anne P. CHAPIN, Lacuna in Laconia : Why were there no Middle HelladicPalaces ? (poster) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 817-822

BCH Suppl. 52



VII. RELATIONS EXTÉRIEURES ET INTERACTION

Peggy SOTIRAKOPOULOU, The Cycladic Middle Bronze Age : A “Dark Age” in Aegean Prehistory or a DarkSpot in Archaeological Research ? ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 825-839

Donna May CREGO, Ayia Irini IV: A Distribution Center for the Middle Helladic World ?(poster) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 841-845

Gerald CADOGAN and Katerina KOPAKA, Coping with the Offshore Giant: Middle Helladic Interactions withMiddle Minoan Crete ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 847-858

Luca GIRELLA, MH III and MM III : Ceramic Synchronisms in the Transition to the Late Bronze Age .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 859-873

Aleydis VAN DE MOORTEL, Interconnections between the Western Mesara and the Aegean in the MiddleBronze Age .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 875-884

Tomáš ALUŠÍK, Middle Helladic and Middle Minoan Defensive Architecture: A Comparison(poster) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 885-889

Christos BOULOTIS, Koukonisi (Lemnos), un site portuaire florissant du Bronze Moyen et du début du BronzeRécent dans le Nord de l’Égée .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 891-907

Vassilis P. PETRAKIS and Panagiotis MOUTZOURIDIS, Grey Ware(s) from the Bronze Age Settlement ofKoukonisi on Lemnos : First Presentation (poster) ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 909-917

Massimo CULTRARO, In Death not Separated. Evidence of Middle Bronze Age Intramural Burials at Poliochnion Lemnos ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 919-930

Peter PAVÚK, Minyan or not? The Second Millennium Grey Ware in Western Anatolia and its Relation toMainland Greece ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 931-943

Ιωάννης ΑΣΛΑΝΗΣ, Στοιχεία αρχιτεκτονικής από τη μεσοχαλκή Μακεδονία: τα δεδομένα από τονΆγιο Μάμα Νέας Ολύνθου ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 945-953

Χριστίνα ΖΙΩΤΑ, Η δυτική Μακεδονία στην ύστερη τρίτη και στις αρχές της δεύτερηςχιλιετίας π.Χ. Οι ταφικές πρακτικές και οι κοινωνικές τους διαστάσεις ............................................................................. 955-967

Sevi TRIANTAPHYLLOU, Aspects of Life Histories from the Bronze Age Cemetery at Xeropigado Koiladas,Western Macedonia (poster) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 969-974

Aikaterini PAPANTHIMOU, †Angeliki PILALI and Evanthia PAPADOPOULOU, Archontiko Yiannitson: A Set-tlement in Macedonia during the Late Third and Early Second Millennium B.C. (poster) .................................... 975-980

Λιάνα ΣΤΕΦΑΝΗ και Νίκος ΜΕΡΟΥΣΗΣ, Αναζητώντας τη Μέση Εποχή του Χαλκού στη Μακεδονία.Παλιές και νέες έρευνες στην Ημαθία (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ............................................................................................. 981-986

Ευτυχία ΠΟΥΛΑΚΗ-ΠΑΝΤΕΡΜΑΛΗ, Ελένη ΚΛΙΝΑΚΗ, Σοφία ΚΟΥΛΙΔΟΥ, Ευτέρπη ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ καιΑναστάσιος ΣΥΡΟΣ, Η Μέση και η αρχή της Ύστερης Εποχής Χαλκού στην περιοχή τουΜακεδονικού Ολύμπου (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) .............................................................................................................................................................. 987-993

Kyriaki PSARAKI and Stelios ANDREOU, Regional Processes and Interregional Interactions in NorthernGreece during the Early Second Millennium B.C. (poster) ................................................................................................................................................ 995-1003

BCH Suppl. 52

TABLE DES MATIÈRES 1045


Rozalia CHRISTIDOU, Middle Bronze Age Bone Tools from Sovjan, Southeastern Albania(poster) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1005-1012

Γαρυφαλιά ΜΕΤΑΛΛΗΝΟΥ, Η Μέση Χαλκοκρατία στα άκρα: η περίπτωση της Κέρκυρας ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1013-1023

Christina MERKOURI, MH III/LH I Pottery from Vivara (Gulf of Naples, Italy). A Contribution to theUnderstanding of an Enigmatic Period .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1025-1036

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1037-1039

Tables des matières .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1041-1046

BCH Suppl. 52





Cet ouvrage a été imprimé et reliéen cinq cents exemplaires

par Break In s.a. (société commerciale d’édition)à Athènes (Grèce)

ISBN 978-2-86958-210-1Imprimé en Grèce



Documents

Aegina Kolonna in the Middle Bronze Age