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The Muscular System

عضلی سیستم

EO 003.01 Part 5

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Lesson Overview (insert dari)

1. Function of the Muscular System

2. Muscle tissue

3. How muscles produce movement.

4. Tendons and ligaments

5. Principal muscles.

6. Disorders of the muscular system.

7. In-class assignment

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Function of the Muscular System(Insert Dari)

Permits movement of the human body.

The muscular system is controlled by the nervous system.

Movement is either:

)1( Voluntary )i.e. running( – consciously aware of movement.

)2( Involuntary )i.e. heart muscle contraction( – cannot be moved by conscious thought.

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Where we find muscle tissues in the body (Insert Dari)

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Skeletal Muscle Composition (Insert Dari) Muscles are composed of

muscle bundles, which contains many muscle fibres.

A muscle fibre is a single skeletal muscle cell.

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Muscle bundleInsert Dari

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Skeletal Muscle Cells (Insert Dari)

Each muscle cell contains myofibrils which are composed two types of myofilaments:

Thick )myosin protein( Thin )actin protein(

These components allow for contraction of muscle tissue.

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Muscle Cell )Insert Dari(

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Muscle Tissue Contraction(Insert Dari)

Thick and thin filaments are arranged in alternating rows.

When a muscle contracts the thick and thin filaments move past eachother until their ends are almost touching.

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The Muscular System Movement عضالت سیستم

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Voluntary Muscle Movement (Insert Dari)

When muscle movement is required the brain sends a signal to the muscle causing the muscle fibre to contract.

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Bicep muscle contractingInsert Dari

Will be covered in more detail during the Nervous System lecture.

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Lever Systems and Leverageاهرمی برده بکار شیوه اهرمیو سیستم

• Muscle acts on rigid rod )bone(that moves around a fixed point called a fulcrum

• Resistance is weight of bodypart & perhaps an object

• Effort or load is work doneby muscle contraction

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• ) ثابت ) نکته یک بدور که مینماید عمل عظم میله یک باالی عضلهبنام و مینماید . fulcrumحرکت میگردد یاد اتکاه نقطه یا

یک • هم است ممکن و نموده مقاومت بدن وزن از بخشی مقابل در . باشد هدف

تقلصعضلی • توسط شده انجام کاری حقیقت در فشار یا کوششمیباشد.

میخانیکی • فواید

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Coordination Within Muscle Groupsگروپهایعضلی بین در هماهنگی

Most movement is the result of multiple muscles working together.

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Flexed )insert dari(

Extended )insert dari(

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Tendons and Ligaments(Insert Dari)

Tendon – a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone.

Ligament – fibrous tissue that joins bone to bone.

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Major Muscles of the Human Body(Insert Dari)

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Students are responsible to know these muscles

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Disorders of the Muscular System (Insert Dari)

• Muscle/Tendon/Ligament injuries )strains and tears(

• Muscular atrophy• Rhabdomyolysis

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Muscle/Tendon/Ligament Injuries(Insert Dari)

Strain )pulled muscle( – an injury to a muscle or tendon in which the muscle fibres tear as a result of overstretching.

Sprain – an injury to a ligament in which the fibres tear as a result of overstretching.

Muscle spasm – an involuntary contraction of a muscle. Commonly called a muscle cramp, which brings on sudden pain and contraction of the muscle.

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Atrophy) اتروفى ) الغرى

Wasting away of muscles caused by:

1. disuse

2. severing of the nerve supply

سبب ض به که عضالت شدن ايع الغرى ) آن از استفاده عدم

) مناسب نا استفادۀ@بين ) از الغرى عصبى منبع قطع

) عصب رفتن

پذير نا برگشت ارتباطى انساج در تغير.است

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Rhabdomyolysis(Insert Dari)

• associated with rapid skeletal muscle destruction

• may lead to kidney failure

• symptoms include muscle weakness, stiffness, and pain

• Some medications can cause this to occur.

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Questions? (Insert Dari)

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In-class assignment(insert dari)

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1.What are the three types of muscle cells?

1. ?

2. ?

3. ?

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1. Answer(Insert Dari)

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2. Muscle cells contain myofilaments, what substance are they composed of?

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A( Fats

B( Proteins

C( DNA

D( Water

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2. Muscle cells contain myofilaments, what substance are they composed of?

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A( Fats

B( Proteins

C( DNA

D( Water

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3. Muscle movement is the result of a single muscle moving independent of other muscles, true

or false? (Insert Dari)

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3. Muscle movement is the result of a single muscle acting independent of other muscles, true

or false? (Insert Dari)

Answer: FalseMost movement is the result of multiple muscles working at the

same time.

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4. Which of the following can be defined as rapid muscle destruction?

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A( AtrophyB( Relaxation C( RhabdomylosisD( Contraction

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4. Answer: Which of the following can be defined as rapid muscle destruction?

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A( AtrophyB( HypertrophyC( RhabdomylosisD( Contraction

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5. Identify the following muscles:(Insert Dari)

8. 9.

10.

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5. Answer