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The Urinary Systemبولی سیستم

EO 003.01 Part 10

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Lesson Overviewتدریسی نکات

1. Structure of the Urinary System

2. Anatomy and physiology of the kidney

3. Renal physiology

4. Kidney function and medication dosing

5. Disorders of the urinary system

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ها 2. کلیه فزیولوژی و اناتومی

کلیوی 3. فزیولوژی بر مرور

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عدم - 5. بولی سیستم تشوشات. هیموستاتیک تعادل

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The Urinary Systemبولی سیستم

کلیه راست

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مثانه

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Overview of Kidney Functionsوظایفکلیه مرور

Filters the blood, removing waste products and foreign substances such as medications.

The kidney produces urine which allows the body to excrete these substances.

The kidney can also remove water from the blood allowing it to effect blood volume and blood pressure.

The human body has two kidneys. It is possible to live with just one kidney.

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Blood Flow to and from the Kidney (Insert Dari)

KidneyDari

Inferior vena cavaDari

Descending branch of aortaDari

Blood flows to the kidney via the descending branch of the aorta and renal artery.

Once the blood has been filtered and waste products removed, the blood returns to normal circulation via renal vein and the inferior vena cava.

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Renal VeinDari

Renal ArteryDari

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Kidney Filtration (Insert Dari)

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The outer portion of the kidney is called the cortex and the inner portion the medulla.

Within the medulla the nephrons are found.

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Nephron(Insert Dari)

A nephron is the basic structural and functional component of the kidney.

The nephron reabsorbs what is needed by the body.

What is not needed by the body is excreted in the urine.

The is also how medications are removed by the body.

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Nephron(Insert Dari)

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Urine Pathway(Insert Dari)

کلیه راست

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مثانه

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Urine flows from each kidney, down its ureter to the bladder and to the outside via the urethra.

هردو • از ادرارو حالب به کلیه

شده جاری مثانهطریق از بعدآ و

خارج به به احلیلمیشود اطراح

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Bladder(Insert Dari)

The bladder is the structure responsible for storing the urine prior to it being removed from the body.

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Bladder مثانه

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Urination(Insert Dari)

Urination is the release of urine from the bladder.

Nerve impulses signal the bladder to contract and for the urethral sphincter to relax, opening the urethra and allowing urine to pass.

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Impact of Kidney Function on Medication Dosing(Insert Dari)

Clearance of substances from the blood is important in drug dosing.

If a patient has kidney disease it takes the kidney longer to remove substances from the blood (filtration).

Certain medications will require dose adjustments based on the results of a kidney function test (bloodwork).

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ملی در خون از مواد کلیوی پالزما تصفیه ( دوائی/ های دوز در دقیقه فی لیتر

میباشد مهم

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Disorders of Urinary Systemبولی تشوشاتسیستم

• Urinary tract infections

• Urinary Incontinence

• Renal failure

• Dialysis

بولی • طرق انتانات

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کلیوی • کفایه عدم

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Urinary Tract Infections(Insert Dari)

An infection that occurs in the urinary tract. Most commonly the urethra.

Women are more likely to have urinary tract infections.

Symptoms include painful urination and frequent and urgent need to urinate.

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Urinary Incontinenceبول اقتدار عدم

• Lack of voluntary control over urination

• Stress incontinence in adults

• caused by increases in abdominal pressure that result in leaking of urine from the bladder

• coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising, walking

• injury to the nerves, loss of bladder flexibility, or damage to the sphincter

تبول • فعل ارادی کنترول عدم

نزد • در فشاری بول اقتدار عدمکاهالن

افزایشفشاری • سبب ازتراوش نتیجه در که بطنی

میگردد مثانه از ادرار

عطسه • ، کردن سرفهتمرین ، خندیدن ، زدن

زدن قدم ، کردن

انعطاف • ضیاع ، عصب صدمهشدن مجروح یا مثانه پزیری

معصره

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Renal Failure(Insert Dari)

A condition where the kidneys are unable to adequately remove waste from the blood.

This usually results in a patient needing to receive dialysis therapy (see next slide).

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Dialysis Therapyدیالیز تداوی

• Kidney function is so impaired the blood must be cleansed artificially

• Artificial kidney machine performs hemodialysis (cleaning of the blood).

• directly filters blood because blood flows through tubing surrounded by dialysis solution

• cleansed blood flows back into the body

Note: If a patient is receiving hemodialysis they will require adjustments in their medication dosages by a pharmacist.

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به • باید خون و شده مختل کلیه وظایفشود تصفیه مصنوعی صورت

را • هیمودیالیز کلیه مصنوعی های ماشینمیدهد انجام

فلتر • مستقیم صورت به را خونتیوب طریق از خون زیرا مینماید

دیالیز محلول وسیله به که هایمینماید جریان شده احاطه

به • دوباره شده تصفیه خونمینماید گشت بر عضویت

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Questions? (Insert Dari)

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In-class Assignment(Insert Dari)

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1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

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A) Control blood volume

B) Control blood pressure

C) Remove waster from the blood

D) Provide oxygen to the blood

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1. Answer: Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

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A) Control blood volume

B) Control blood pressure

C) Remove waster from the blood

D) Provide oxygen to the blood

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2. Identify the following structures(Insert Dari)

کلیه راست

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مثانه

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2. Answer:(Insert Dari)

کلیه راست

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مثانه

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3. Which of following is the basic structural and functional component of the kidney?

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A) Neuron

B) Nephron

C) Cortex

D) Medulla

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3. Which of following is the basic structural and functional component of the kidney?

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A) Neuron

B) Nephron

C) Cortex

D) Medulla

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4. Fill in the blank: If a patient has kidney disease it will take _________ to remove a drug from the body, compared

to a patient without kidney disease?(Insert Dari)

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Answer:

4. Fill in the blank: If a patient has kidney disease it will take longer to remove a drug from the body, compared to a

patient without kidney disease?(Insert Dari)

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5. True or False? A urinary tract infection is best defined as loss of control of urination.

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5. Answer: FalseA urinary tract infection is an infection that occurs in the

urinary tract (usually the urethra).

Loss of control of urination is best defined as urinary incontinence.

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