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Africa
South Africa
South Africa
• Location– Lies at the southern tip of Africa– Has seacoasts on two oceans
• The Atlantic Ocean• The Indian Ocean
– The country is larger than TX and CA put together
South Africa
• Cultures clash– Ancestors of most of today’s black South
Africans arrived about 2,00 years ago during the Bantu migration.
– Europeans arrived in RSA about 400 years ago– 1652 Dutch settlers set up a colony at Cape Town
on the southern tip of the continent.• They called themselves the Boers. • Later they became Afrikaners.
– British and French settlers also settled in RSA.– For years black settlers battled with the white
settlers.
South Africa
– By 1800 the white settlers had forced the black settlers off of the best land.
– British and Afrikaners also fought each other for control of RSA.
• Afrikaners created their own states to get away from the British.
– Transval– Orange Free State
• Soon diamonds and gold were found in Transval.• British prospectors pushed Afrikaners off their farms.
• The British and Afrikaners fought over the territory for three years
South Africa
• The British won
• White rule in South Africa– White led government of the new country
passed several laws to keep land and wealth in white hands.
• Natives Land Act of 1913, stated that blacks could live in only 8 percent of the country. The rest of the land belonged to the whites.
• 1948 apartheid system—an Afrikaner word meaning separateness.
South Africa
– Apartheid laws placed every South African into a category based on race.
– It was legal to discriminate on the basis of race.– I separated South Africans into four groups:
» Blacks» Whites» Colored» Asians» Colored were people of mixed race» Asians usually meant people from India.
South Africa
– Coloreds and Asians had few rights.– Blacks had no rights at all.
– The Deadly Struggle against Apartheid
South Africa
• In the 1950s and 60s blacks and whites took to the streets in peaceful protest against Apartheid.
• South African police met them with deadly force. Hundreds were killed. Thousands thrown into jail.
South Africa
• Countries around the world joined in the movement against apartheid.
• Many nations stopped trading with RSA or lending it money.
• 1990s RSA President F. W. de Klerk, pushed through laws that tore down apartheid.
• April 1994 South Africans of all colors elected Nelson Mandela, a black man who had spend 28 years in prison for fighting apartheid.
South Africa
– New Challenges• Under Mandela’s government discrimination by
race ended.• Despite all efforts to the opposite, South Africa
remains a divided society.• Whites still control most of the country’s
largest businesses.
South Africa
• Many whites do not like the changes in South Africa.
• Some whites fear their children’s education will suffer in schools attended by all races.
South Africa
– Building a New Nation• All South Africans are struggling to build the
new South Africa.• Mandela took steps to heal RSA
– Truth and Reconciliation Commission—examines the crimes of the apartheid era
– 1998 the commission issued its final report which condemned acts of murder and torture by both white and black South Africans.
South Africa
– The commission also granted amnesty to some peole who committed crimes.
– It withheld amnesty from others which meant they could face trial.
– June 1999, South Africa held its second election open to all races.
– Mandela’s political party remained in power.