“This very bay shall yet bear me to freedom.”

–FREDERICK DOUGLASS

A F R I C A N -A M E R I C A NA F R I C A N -

A M E R I C A NHeritage

IN ANNAPOLIS & ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY MARYLAND

& THE UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY

IN ANNAPOLIS & ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY MARYLAND

& THE UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY

Howard University, one of the nation’s leading research universities, is dedicated to educating students from diverse backgrounds at the undergraduate, graduate and professional levels. Guided by our extraordinary cadre of faculty, students are immersed in cutting edge scholarship and innovation including nanotechnology, human genome research and atmospheric science as well as the social sciences, arts and humanities.

Since its inception more than 140 years ago, Howard University has been at the forefront of preparing globally competent students for positions of leadership and social responsibility.

2400 Sixth Street, NW • Washington D.C.

202.806.6100 • www.howard.edu

HOWARD UNIVERSITY

“...I felt I should be nowhere else in the world except standing on a pier

in Annapolis—and I was; it was two hundred years to the day after the

Lord Ligonier had landed.”

Waterman, Annapolis City

Dock (right)

St. Mary’s Colored School

(below)

A

Waterman, Waterman, Annapolis City Annapolis City

St. Mary’s St. Mary’s St. Mary’s St. Mary’s Colored School

St. Mary’s Colored School

St. Mary’s Colored School

St. Mary’s Colored School

St. Mary’s

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frican Americans have played an integral part in the physical and cultural

landscape of Anne Arundel County, the City of Annapolis, and the U.S. Naval Academy for over 350 years.

We invite you to walk in their footsteps through history. Learn about farmers, artisans, mariners, merchants, resistance leaders, inventors, politicians, and soldiers. Visit sites where enslaved Africans fi rst landed on our shores, and sites where they were sold into bondage. Learn about historic neighborhoods that provided a sense of community, and the churches that formed the heart of those communities. See where African Americans labored, where many raised families, where some managed to escape slavery, and where others changed the course of America’s history.

Many were brought here during colonial times as slaves from West Africa and the Caribbean. Their numbers in Anne Arundel County once exceeded those of European Americans. Their labor created a strong local economy, the rise of a wealthy “planter” class, and America’s early infrastructure.

Enslaved and later free African Americans worked on farms and in towns, at the U.S. Naval Academy, and in the maritime industry. They practiced various trades, set up busi-nesses, built churches, supported schools, created communities, and served in wars. Following emancipation, they fought against persecution and “Jim Crow” laws. In recent times they fought for desegregation and equality in the courts, the classroom, and the workplace.

The African-American story is one of hard-ship, courage, and resilience—rooted in family, spiritual faith, and community.Imagine their lives as you visit historic sites and take engaging tours. Their legacy endures and continues to inspire us all.

Welcome A COMPREHENSIVE TRIP PLANNER There’s so much to see and do in the City…and in the countryside. Spend a day…or spend a week!

MAPS AND FACTSLearn what there is to see…and how to get there—on foot, by bus, or by car.

PLAN THE DETAILS OF YOUR VISIT HEREReview contact information and additional resources. Visit kintehaley.org/aframsites.html for more information and web links.

Inside this brochure you’ll fi nd...

—ALEX HALEYRoots

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Roots:Adventures for Genealogy Lovers

New Beginnings:Communities after the Civil War

History, Gardens, & Nature Trails

Plantations and Maritime Villages

Urban Living–Historic Annapolis

By Land, By Air, By Sea

Food for the Table and the Soul

Behind the Scenes and on the Front Lines of War and Politics

A Day at the Beach

Nine Great One-Day Heritage Discovery Packages of Things to See and Do

New Beginnings:Communities after the Civil War

History, Gardens, & Nature Trails

Plantations and Maritime Villages

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—CAROLINE HAMMONDfugitive slave, Anne Arundel County

Murphy Fine Arts Center• James E. Lewis Museum of the Arts

• Music and Theatre Performances• MSU Band Performances• MSU Choir Performances

MurphyFineArtsCenter.org 443.885.3030

Key to African-American Attractions

Archaeology

Boating

Cemetery

Church

Driving Tour

Swimming

Walking Tour

Water Views

Wheelchair Accessible

Food Services

Historic Home

Memorial/Plaques

Museum

On-Site Tour

Park/Nature Trails

Public Rest Room

Research Center

School

Slave Sale Site

E

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xplore, discover, and experience the

rich history and legacy of African Americans in Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, and the U.S. Naval Academy. Select from a diverse menu of discovery packages or create your own plan. This trip planner guide will help get you started on an exciting journey into the past.

Spend a day, Spend a week

“Twenty-fi ve slaves on his farm...all lived in small huts with

the exception of several of the household help who ate and slept

in the manor house.”

—CAROLINE HAMMONDfugitive slave, Anne Arundel County

Shaded portion of map represents Four Rivers: The Heritage Area of Annapolis, London Town and South County. Refer to FourRiversHeritage.org. For more general information on Annapolis & Anne Arundel County, plan to stop at the Visitors Center at 26 West St., Annapolis, Maryland, VisitAnnapolis.org, or call 410-280-0445.

Note: Some of these sites are not open to the general public. Please respect the privacy of private residents. Information on public access can be provided from those sites where a pub-lic number is listed. Please confi rm times and locations via phone or website prior to visiting.

Shaded portion of map represents

Content researched, written, and funded by the Kunta Kinte-Alex Haley Foundation. The US Naval Academy content researched and written by Commander Jim Jackson, US Navy (Ret.) and by the Kunta Kinte-Alex Haley Foundation. Earlier versions of the African-American Heritage Guide were financed in part with State funds from the Maryland Heritage Areas Authority and the Annapolis & Anne Arundel County hotel tax. Distribution by The Annapolis & Anne Arundel County Conference & Visitors Bureau, Four Rivers: The Heritage Area of Annapolis, London Town & South County, and the Kunta Kinte-Alex Haley Foundation.

Photos in this guide are courtesy of: Phillip & Rachel Brown Collection, AAACCVB, AA County Office of Planning & Zoning, Independence Publishing Inc., Vincent O. Leggett, Phillip L. Brown, & Charles H. Bohl. Portrait of Frederick Douglass: Special Collections (Mary A. Dodge Collection, MSASC-564). Tonging Oyster Boats at City Dock w/African American Waterman: Special Collections (Thomas Baden Collection). Alex Haley: William A. Haley Collection. Also Deborah Greene; Dwight Blackshear; and Janice Hayes-Williams Collections. Jim Holliday portrait: Dee Levister. MLK Statue: Anne Arundel Community College. B&A Trail: Ranger Matthew George. Thurgood Marshall: Thurgood Marshall BWI Airport. US Naval Academy photos by Commander Jim Jackson. 2012 Version: 6

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Roots: Adventures for Genealogy Lovers Kunta

Kinte-Alex Haley

MemorialKUNTA KINTE-ALEX HALEY MEMORIAL Annapolis City Dock • 410-956-9090 The Memorial consists of a four-piece sculpture grouping of Alex Haley reading to three children of diverse ethnicities, a Story Wall, and a Compass Rose. Haley, the father of the popular genealogy movement and author of the Pulitzer prize-winning novel Roots, traced his ancestry to Kunta Kinte, an enslaved African brought to Annapolis in 1767 aboard the ship, the Lord Ligonier.

MARYLAND STATE ARCHIVES350 Rowe Boulevard, Annapolis • 410-260-6400 Photo ID Required Located 2 miles from the City Dock, the Archives houses records from 1634 to the present. Here is where Alex Haley discovered his family connection to Annapolis. African-American records include manumissions, certifi cates of freedom, court papers, an 1831 census of free blacks, chattel records, runaway dockets, slave statistics, newspapers, military records (including U.S. Colored Troops muster roles), bounty rolls, U.S. Census records for Maryland, and church records. Call for hours.

MARYLAND STATE LAW LIBRARY GENEALOGY COLLECTION 361 Rowe Boulevard, Robert C. Murphy Courts of Appeal Building, Annapolis • 410-260-1430Photo ID Required Established in 1827, the Law Library houses a Local History and Genealogy Collection, which complements material available at the State Archives. Holdings include Maryland census schedules, Baltimore Sun newspapers (1837 to date), county histories, family genealogies, research guides, rare books, early maps and more.Open to the public.

KUNTA KINTE–ALEX HALEY RESOURCE CENTER 135 Stepneys Lane, Sojourner Douglass College, Edgewater • 410-956-9090 Genealogical Research Center with access to online genealogy databases and specialty collections in African, African-American, and local history. Open 9am-9pm, Mon.-Thurs. and 9am-4pm Fri. and Sat. when college is in session.

KUETHE LIBRARYHistorical and Genealogical Research Center 5 Crain Highway, SE, Glen Burnie • 410-760-9679 This library includes the holdings of both the Ann Arundell County Historical Society and the Anne Arundel Genealogical Society. Holdings of most interest to descendants of slaves doing research on local former owner-families. Nominal fee for non-members.

ANNAPOLISINNER WEST STREET AFRICAN-AMERICAN HERITAGE WALKING TOUR (See map page 13)

A ST. ANNE’S CEMETERY, on Northwest and Calvert Streets, was the only public burial ground in Annapolis from the late 18th until the mid-19th centu-ries; established when burial space at St. Anne’s Church on Church Circle in Annapolis reached capacity; John Maynard, members of the Butler and Bishop families, and other early African-American families are buried here.

B STANTON SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY CENTER, 92 West Washington Street, 410-295-5519, listed on National Register of Historic Places, opened in the 19th century. Today this former African-American school is a community center. It’s located in the African-American neighborhood of Clay Street, formerly “Brick Street,” site of a colonial brickyard owned by slaveholder Edward Dorsey. Dorsey bricks were used to build the early State House and other colonial Annapolis structures. Freedom Grove, just beyond the neighborhood at Adams Park Learning Center, honors local past 20th Century presidents of the NAACP.

C LOEWS HOTEL SITE,126 West Street, was once the Greyhound bus station in Annapolis. A plaque at the hotel honors the fi ve Annapolitans who led a November 1960 sit-in to desegregate the station’s restaurant.

D ASBURY UNITED METHODIST CHURCH, 87 West Street, 410-268-9500, site of Annapolis’ oldest African-American congregation. The church sits on land purchased in 1803 from Smith Price, a free black. A meeting house was built here in 1804 by the First African Methodist Episcopal Church congre-gation members, who changed their name and allegiance to Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church in 1838. The Presiding Elder from 1838 to 1863 was Rev. Henry Price, son of Smith Price. Asbury has a History Room that includes early records.

E BANNEKER-DOUGLASS MUSEUM, 84 Franklin Street, 410-216-6180, offi cial Maryland repository of African-American culture, was originally the Mt. Moriah African Methodist Episcopal Church, built by blacks in 1876. The Museum, dedicated in 1984, was named after Benjamin Banneker, a Maryland native known as the “fi rst African-American man of science,” and Frederick Douglass, born a Maryland slave, who later became a leader of the abolitionist movement. Has library on site.

-7--7- Camp Parole

Frederick Douglass House

(“Twin Oaks”)

H istorically signifi cant African-American communities grew in and around Annapolis as enslaved people became free. Parole and Eastport workers served the nearby City,

the U.S. Naval Academy, or the maritime industry; Highland Beach provided a haven for African-American intellectuals and artists from around the Nation.

New Beginnings: Communities after the Civil War

ANNAPOLIS NATIONAL (VETERANS), BREWER HILL, & ST. MARY’S CEMETERIES These cemeteries are just west of Westgate Circle on West Street in Annapolis. Annapolis National, estab-lished in 1862, contains remains of African-American soldiers and sailors who served in the Civil War, the Spanish American War, the Korean confl ict, and World Wars I and II. Many are former slaves and free blacks who fought in the U.S. Colored Troops during the Civil War. Brewer Hill sits on land purchased in 1864 by two local African-American churches. This site was once known as a potters fi eld for City slaves, criminals, and smallpox victims. Here lies memorials to Henry Davis, last man lynched in Maryland, and John Snowden, sentenced to death for a murder he may not have committed. St. Mary’s Cemetery, established in the 19th century, is the burial site for many of this area’s Catholics, including a small community of African Americans.

PAROLE COMMUNITY Named for “Camp Parole,” a prisoner-exchange camp during the Civil War that grew to include six hospital buildings, numerous barracks, and many other buildings. An African-American “boom town” around the Camp grew into a permanent settlement for returning African-American veterans and their families. The area later became known for tomato canning. Today, Parole retains its cultural identity. A Parole Heritage Area Tour highlights several early structures in the community, including Mt. Olive AME Church (1866) on Hicks Street, and the Parole Community Health Center on Drew Street.

ARIS T. ALLEN MEMORIAL This memorial, at the intersection of Aris T. Allen Boulevard and Chinquapin Round Road in Parole, honors the late Dr. Allen, a noted physician and member of the Maryland State Legislature for many years. He was the fi rst African American to chair the State Republican party.

QUIET WATERS PARK600 Quiet Waters Park Road • 410-222-1777Off Hillsmere Drive at the Forest Drive/Bay Ridge Rd. intersection, this 336-acre county park along the South River offers trails, boat rentals, picnic facilities, a gallery and eatery, and more. Patented in 1652, the property had been farmed for 300 years; African Americans once worked this land. Closed on Tuesdays.

HIGHLAND BEACH FREDERICK DOUGLASS MUSEUM & CULTURAL CENTER3200 Wayman Avenue, Highland Beach 410-267-6960 Founded in 1893 as an African-American summer beach community by Frederick Douglass’ son Charles, a veteran Civil War offi cer, Highland Beach is the fi rst chartered African-American township in the state of Maryland. It is America’s oldest black resort community. It has hosted many famous visitors, including retired Buffalo Soldier offi cers. Booker T. Washington had a vacation home here. Frederick Douglass’ summer cottage, “Twin Oaks” houses the Museum & Cultural Center (open by appointment).

EASTPORTThis old neighborhood across Spa Creek from historic Annapolis had been farmland in colonial times. Incorporated as a subdivision in 1868, Eastport became home to African Americans and European immigrants who worked in and around the City as laborers, watermen, tradesmen, and boat builders. A walking tour with markers highlights the history of the African-American community, as does the Annapolis Maritime Museum’s exhibits (410-295-0104). See the former three-room Eastport Colored School (corner of Third Street and Chester Avenue) now home of the Seafarers Yacht Club, an organization of African-American boaters. Dine at one of the many restaurants along the water.

COMMANDER

Black Stars to Gold Stripes.TM

S P E A K E R & E X H I B I T S E R I E S

JIM JACKSON U.S. NAVY (Ret.)

www.blacknavyadmirals.comjjackson@aacc.edu ‧ 410-757-4143

Commander Jim Jackson

has a story to tell about

African-American heroes

who bridged a great

divide between what

was…and what was pos-

sible. His story is about

African Americans. But

his message is universal.

Speaker & Exhibit Series

Women Astronauts & Admirals•

NASA’s Black Astronauts•

The Navy’s Black Admirals•

The Black Experience at • the U.S. Naval Academy

Experience the rich history and legacy of African-American heritage in

Annapolis and the Chesapeake Bay. Explore www.VisitAnnapolis.org/TripIdeas

for more information.

®

African_American Guide2.indd 1 8/31/11 10:13:58 AM

-9--9-

London Town Public House

Slave Cabin,Contees Wharf Road

Tenant House, Ivy Neck Farm

H ead south of Annapolis for the day to explore a “lost” merchant town, former slave sites, archaeology digs,

and nature trails. African-American history abounds!

History, Gardens, and Nature Trails

“I do not know my mother or father… I was called ‘Gingerbread’ by the Revells. They reared me until I reached the age of nine or 10.

Mr. Revell died in 1861 or 62. The sheriff and men came from Annapolis…I was…sold…to a slave trader to be shipped to Georgia.”

—JAMES WIGGINSfugitive slave

SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER (SERC)647 Contees Wharf Road, off Muddy Creek Road443-482-2200 SERC provides research and education programs for teachers, children, and the general public. Situated on property formerly part of Ivy Neck, Java, and Contee farms, it offers nature trails, picnic facilities, and programs focused on the Chesapeake Bay. It has tenant houses, one dating to slavery days, and an African-American burial site from the 1800s, listed with Maryland Historical Trust. SERC interprets slave life on its Java History Trail. Open weekdays.

HISTORIC LONDON TOWN AND GARDENS839 Londontown Road, Edgewater • 410-222-1919 Discover the remnants of a colonial merchant town c.1693 on the South River and walk among the scenic gardens. This “lost town” was a major port of call in the 1730s for ships taking tobacco to Britain and bringing African slaves, indentured workers, and convicts to Maryland. The grave of a six-year-old child discovered under the fl oorboards of a long-vanished building c.1730, is believed to be that of an African slave. In 1760 the slave ship Jenny arrived at London Town with slaves from Angola. While on the high seas, the ship survived an attack by a French privateer because Jenny’s captain armed the slaves who then helped saved the ship. Ironically, upon reaching London Town, these same slaves were sold. Restored as a National Historic Landmark, the mansion, gardens, and newly recreated buildings are open for tours.

CORETTA SCOTT KING MEMORIAL GARDEN135 Stepneys Lane, Edgewater, at Annapolis/Southern Maryland Campus of Sojourner-Douglass College • 410-956-8339Designed by Douglass Richard and dedicated in 2011, this memorial is the only one in Maryland to honor the late Mrs. King. The garden’s pergola and central water fountain pay tribute to the “First Lady” of the 20th century Civil Rights Movement. Open to the public daily.

Coretta Scott King Memorial Garden

d

Cumberstone Rd.

To Annapolis

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Beach

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Churchton

Rt. 214 to DC

Southern Anne Arundel County

Driving Tour

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HERITAGE SITES ALONG THE WAY

1 Hope Memorial UM Church, 3672 Muddy Creek Road, African-American antebellum-era church.

Contees Wharf Road2 , (gravel) off Muddy Creek Road, site of Contee farm tenant house (right) and “big house” (left), remains of Java plantation house (left).

Cumberstone Road3 , winding picturesque road, off Muddy Creek Road. Antebellum farms, some with slave and tenant quarters (not visible from the road) still exist.

Tulip Hill4 , 18th century Georgian Mansion built by Samuel Galloway, planter and slave trader (no public access).

Chews Memorial UM Church5 , 492 Owensville Rd off Muddy Creek Rd. Established c.1843 on land given by Nathaniel Chew (white farmer), as a church for African Americans.

Quaker Burial Ground6 , corner of Muddy Creek and Galesville Road, c.1650s, birth of Quakerism in Maryland; Quakers later advocated abolition of slavery.

Historic Town of Galesville7 (see separate description, next page)

Shady Side8 , an old watermen’s community, once called “the great swamp,” received its current name in 1886. Many African Americans became watermen.

Shady Side & Churchton Schools 9 (now Lula G. Scott School and Community Center), 6243 Shady Side Road. Built c.1921 as Rosenwald Schools. The Churchton structure was moved to the current site.

Capt. Salem Avery House Museum10 , 1418 East-West Shady Side Rd., 410-867-2901. Collection of pictures, artifacts, family histories, other information about local African Americans.

Historic Village at Herrington Harbour 11

North, Deale. Relocated authentic historic rural buildings, including an African-American meeting house (c.1905), one-room schoolhouse for African Americans, and slave cabin (pending). Site of former slave auctions, according to oral history. Route 2, Solomons Island Road, scenic drive through “horse country” that once had tobacco plantations and farms.

12 St. James Parish, 5757 Solomons Is. Rd. Founded 1663, current church built in 1765; congre-gation included South County “planters”.

plantations and Maritime Villages

Loch Eden13 , Nutwell Sudley Rd. The big house on a hill is the former Nutwell family farm. Oral family history tells of a “slave trench” (parts still visible) dug by slaves who used it at night to escape to Tracy’s Creek (no public access).

Bachelors Choice14 , site of a 19th century tenant house of same construction as slave cabins. An unmarked cemetery lies near the house (no public access).

Roedown Farm15 , Wayson Rd. off Harwood Rd. Birthplace of slave William Parker, Underground Railroad worker and hero of the “Christiana Resistance” in Pennsylvania . Offi cial site on National Park Service “Network to Freedom” (no public access).

All Hallows Parish16 , 3604 Solomons Is. Rd. Has records of slave burials.

SOUTH COUNTY SCENIC DRIVING TOURTravel by car to enjoy a scenic 2-hour drive through the country. Take Rt. 2 south from Annapolis. This driving tour loop encompasses winding roads, antebellum farms and plantations, tenant houses, churches, and cemeteries. Make it a day by stopping to explore historic Galesville.

Roedown Farm, Wayson Road

All Hallow’s Church

Nutwell School, for

African-American children

Galesville Rosenwald SchoolGalesville Rosenwald SchoolGalesville Rosenwald School

Roedown Farm, Wayson Road

Roedown Farm, Wayson Road

Roedown Farm, Wayson Road

Roedown Farm, Wayson Road

Roedown Farm, Wayson Road

Roedown Farm, Wayson Road

All Hallow’s ChurchAll Hallow’s ChurchAll Hallow’s ChurchAll Hallow’s ChurchAll Hallow’s ChurchAll Hallow’s Church

Nutwell School, for

Nutwell School, for

African-American children

African-American childrenNutwell School, for

Nutwell School, for

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HISTORIC GALESVILLEExplore this quaint waterside village settled 350 years ago. It features historic homes and buildings, a museum, good food, and a waterfront setting.

Henry Wilson House, Galesville Rd. Freed slave Henry Wilson bought land and built a house c. 1865. Today, part of the land is an athletic fi eld and former home of the Galesville Hot Sox baseball team, which consisted of African-American players.

Galesville Heritage Museum, 988 Main St. Has information on African-American families. (410-867-9499)

Galesville Rosenwald School, 916 W. Benning Rd., built c. 1929. (Now Community Center).

The West Benning Community dates back to the 1870s; many residents worked at the Woodfi eld Oyster Company in the early 20th century. Today the community has been preserved and is called Tenthouse Creek Village.

EDUCATION AND THE ROSENWALD SCHOOLS Slaves often were prevented from learning to read and write, although many taught them-selves. Few free blacks got a formal education before the Civil War. After the War, Maryland mandated free public schools for all children. When local residents balked at educating non-whites, African Americans raised funds to help build and staff their own schools. Between 1920-1932, 15 “Rosenwald Schools” were built in Anne Arundel County with grants from Julius Rosenwald, owner of Sears, Roebuck & Co. Six survive today: Freetown; Queenstown; Galesville; Shady Side & Churchton (two combined into the Lula G. Scott School and Community Center); and Ralph Bunche Community Center on Mill Swamp Road in Edgewater.

“I was born in Anne Arundel County… My mother and sister were sold and

taken to New Orleans, leaving four brothers and myself behind.”

—LEN BLACKSouth County slave

T

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ake a day to walk the town, refl ect on its history, and savor a meal at one of its many restaurants.

African Americans have lived in Annapolis, the County seat, and colonial and state capital, for over three centuries. From the 1700s through today, one-third or more of the city’s population has been African American. Initially, most were slaves. However, by 1850, an equal number of free blacks and slaves lived here.

In colonial times most urban slaves were women, girls, and young boys. They slept in a kitchen, loft, attic, or nearby outbuilding, and did household work such as cooking, washing, spinning and sewing, baking, and brewing. A smaller number of enslaved men were servants and drivers; men also worked as sawyers, carpenters, artisans, blacksmiths, rope makers, and maritime tradesmen.

The city’s enslaved African Americans had more autonomy than plantation slaves, but little privacy and could be on call 24 hours a day. Slave marriages were not legally recognized, making families vulnerable to separation.

A growing number of free African Americans in the 19th century changed the character of Annapolis – establishing their own businesses, neighborhoods, and churches, often buying freedom for enslaved loved ones. Their historic churches and neighborhoods survive as vital elements of the City’s heritage. Many of their descendants still live here today.

Annapolis’ African-American story continues to unfold with new research.

Urban Living – Historic AnnapolisWALKING TOURBegin your walk at the Market House. Follow the numbers on the map.

Kunta Kinte-Alex Haley Memorial1 , at the Market House and the City Dock memorializes the contributions of the late Alex Haley, author of Roots and The Autobiography of Malcolm X. Next to the Market House, read about the Memorial and stand at the Compass Rose’s center to orient yourself in the direction of your ancestral home; cross the street to the Dock and view the statues of Haley reading to three children. At this harbor his African ancestor Kunta Kinte allegedly arrived aboard the Lord Ligonier and was sold into slavery in 1767. Here, 48 slave ships unloaded their human cargo in the 20 years before the American Revolution. Walk along Compromise Street and read the Story Wall’s Roots messages.

Newman Street 2 (turn right off Compromise Street) is the former site of St. Mary’s Colored School, c. 1874, run by the School Sisters of Notre Dame, a Catholic teaching order of St. Mary’s Church. A tuition-free school, it was moved after 1949 to Church grounds.

Ridout House3 , 120 Duke of Gloucester Street, built in 1765 by John Ridout, who married Governor Ogle’s daughter. He sold the African cargo of the ship Lord Ligonier into slavery. Adjacent (110-114) Ridout Row townhome was the site of recent archaeology indicating African spiritual practices by 19th century household servants.

Charles Carroll House4 , 107 Duke of Gloucester, on the grounds of St. Mary’s Church. Built c.1723-1735, as the home to several generations of Carrolls including Charles, the only Catholic signer of the Declaration of Independence. He owned 385 slaves, 21 at Carroll House. Recent archaeology reveals evidence of African spiritual practices by household servants.

Upton Scott House5 , 4 Shipwright Street (from St. Mary’s parking lot). Built c. 1763 by Dr. Scott, physi-cian, and uncle by marriage of Francis Scott Key, national Anthem writer, and founder of the American Colonization Society. Scott’s slaves lived in the adjoining small house that was also the kitchen.

Market Street6 , (turn right off Shipwright) location of fi ve frame rowhouses, built between 1885-1890 by William H. Butler, a wealthy African American, born a slave; he sold two lots, 121-123, to the Maryland Colored Baptist Congregation for a church (private homes today).

William H. Butler House7 , 148 Duke of Gloucester Street, near City Hall. A slave freed at age 21, Butler became one of the wealthiest men in Annapolis. He bought this house in 1863 and was elected alderman in 1873, the fi rst former slave and fi rst African American to hold public offi ce in Maryland.

“The color of the skin is in no way

connected with the strength

of the mind or intellectual powers.”

—BENJAMIN BANNEKERPreface to his Almanac, 1796

Urban Living – continued

-13-

“I felt profoundly grateful that I had the opportunity of

representing my race.”

—MATTHEW HENSONArctic Explorer

Inner West Street African-American Heritage Walking Tour (see page 6)

Urban Living Walking Tour (see pages 12, 13, and 15)Maynard-Burgess House8 , 163 Duke of Gloucester, home to two successive African-American families from 1847-1990. Maynard, born free, bought the freedom of his wife in 1840, and later her daughter and his mother-in-law. He purchased the house in 1847, making improvements that tripled its value. After he died in 1876 his descendants used the site as a boarding house until 1914 when it was purchased by Willis Burgess. It remained in the Burgess family until 1990. The house, undergoing restoration, will become a museum of 19th century African-American city life.

Jonas Green House9 , 124 Charles Street, home of Jonas and Catherine Green and their son Frederick, Maryland Gazette newspaper owners (for 94 years). Site of numerous slave sales.

Banneker-Douglass 10

Museum, 84 Franklin Street, site of the original Mt. Moriah A.M.E. Church; listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Offi cial state repository of African-American cultural material. Named for two famous Marylanders: Benjamin Banneker and Frederick Douglass.

Anne Arundel County Courthouse 11

Museum, 7 Church Circle, Learn about precedent setting cases including rights of slaves before the Civil War, and African-American voter rights in the early 1900s.

Henry Price House12 , 232-236 Main Street. Rev. Henry Price, a Methodist lay minister, civic leader, and businessman, lived here. His grandson, Daniel Hale Williams, who performed pioneering heart surgery in 1893, was the fi rst black to head the Freedman’s Hospital in Washington, D.C.

Thurgood Marshall Memorial13 , Lawyers Mall, Maryland State House. Dedicated in 1996, the memorial honors Marshall, a Marylander and the fi rst black Supreme Court Justice; he served on the court for 24 years.

Matthew Henson Plaque14 , Maryland State House. Born of free black sharecroppers in Maryland, Henson is credited with discovering the North Pole with Adm. Robert Perry in 1909.

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Tree15 , Maryland State House grounds. The tree, a Northern Red Oak, was planted on January 12, 1984 in commem-oration of Dr. King’s birthday.

Roger B. Taney Statue16 , Maryland State House. Marylander and U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, known for his infamous opinion in the Dred Scott case, which denied Scott, a former slave, the right to sue in federal court.

Governor Calvert House17 , State Circle. Owned by Gov. Charles Calvert in the 1730s, one of the wealthiest men and largest slaveholders in the colony. In 1734, 30 slaves lived on the property, which is now a hotel.

St. John’s College18 , College Avenue. Once was the site of a gunpowder house that African slaves conspired to capture during an aborted attempt in 1738 to take over Maryland.

Ogle Hall 19 (now USNA Alumni House), 251 College Avenue, built 1739-42. Sold to Benjamin Ogle in 1773; his widow’s estate listed 37 slaves in 1815 at the time of her death.

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Alex Haley

Wiley Bates with his wife Annie and mother Harriet

Former Williams’

Barbershop

Galilean Fisherman Free School

99 East Street

Alex HaleyOn September 29, 1967, the 200th

anniversary of the arrival in this country of his enslaved African ancestor

Kunta Kinte, Alex Haley stood at the Annapolis city dock. He later wrote

his Pulitzer prize-winning book Roots. Working with Phebe Jacobsen at the

nearby Maryland State Archives, Haley found for the fi rst time the genealogical link between his

ancestors in this country and those in Africa. Today Haley is referred to as the father of the popular genealogy movement. Before his

death in 1992, he frequently returned to Annapolis to visit.

Wiley H. BatesBates became an Annapolis alderman in 1897, ran a profi table grocery store on Cathedral Street, built a kindergarten school in the rear of his own house, and was a successful realtor and philanthropist. With only three days of formal schooling, he became the wealthiest African American in Annapolis. The Wiley H. Bates Colored High School and Bates Middle School were named for him.

Urban Living–continued20 Chase-Lloyd House, 22 Maryland Avenue. Built 1769-1774, it housed several generations of Lloyds and their slaves through the 1820s, including Sall Wilks, a favored slave. Frederick Douglass, famous abolitionist, lived as a child on the Lloyd’s plantation.

21 Paca House, 186 Prince George Street, built c.1763-65 by William Paca, signer of the Declaration of Independence. Eight to 10 slaves lived here then. Later, the house was Carvel Hall Hotel, where African-American maitre d’ Marcellus Hall was confi dante to legislators and others for nearly 50 years. The house has since been restored and is open for tours.

22 Brice House, 42 East Street, built by James Brice, 1767-1773, using slave labor. Up to 15 slaves lived here at one time. Archaeology revealed buried caches suggesting African spiritual practices by household servants.

23 Patrick Creagh-John Smith House, 160 Prince George Street. Built c. 1735-47 by Creagh, this was the site of slave auctions in colonial times. Purchased by free blacks John and Lucy Smith c. 1820, who ran a livery stable in back and “Aunt Lucy’s Bake Shop” at Main and Green Streets.

24 Middleton’s Tavern, 24 2 Market Space. Slave auctions occurred here and at many other taverns, including Reynolds Tavern on Church Circle and the Coffee House, 195-199 Main Street.

25 Fleet Street, an African-American neighborhood built in the 1880s as tenements for laborers, watermen, laun-dresses, and domestic workers. Many eventually bought their homes.

26 Galilean Fisherman Free School, 91 East Street. Built in 1868 by African-American Methodist laymen, it was one of the early schools built for African-American children in Anne Arundel County. It closed in the late 1890s.

27 East Street, a mostly African-American community beginning in the mid-1800s, characterized by simple, narrow row houses only two rooms deep. More than a third were rented or owned by African Americans – laborers, carpenters, cobblers, or Naval Academy workers. Born a slave, James Holliday, a Naval Academy servant, bought 97, 99, and 101 East Street.

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1651—First settlement at site of Annapolis

1664—New Maryland law: a white woman who marries an African slave serves the slave’s master for life; children born of such relation-ships are slaves, as are children of enslaved mothers

1695—Slaves are required to carry passes whenever they leave theirplantation

1756-75—Forty-eight ships carrying nearly 2000 slaves clear customs in Annapolis during its Golden Age (‘63-’74), when politics and wealth from tobacco encourage high demand for luxury items

1767—Kunta Kinte (of Roots fame) arrives in Annapolis as part of a cargo of slaves

1783—Slaves in the County outnumber the free white populations

1850—Forty-fi ve percent of the black population in the City of Annapolis is free, 55% slave

1850s—Ben Boardley, born a slave, invents a working steam engine for a sloop-of-war at the U.S. Naval Academy

1664—First legal Act to require that Africans and their descen-dents serve as slaves for life

1681—Indians kill one of Major Welch’s “Negroes” at his South River plantation

1681—Law changes: children born to white mothers and African-American fathers as well as chil-dren born to free African-American women are considered free, but are often bound out as laborers

1738—Sites of St. John’s College and Annapolis State House become targets of an alleged revolt by 200 slaves from Prince George’s County who intend to take over the colony; plan later fails

1760—Fifty captured Africans in the ship Jenny successfully assist the captain in fi ghting off a French privateer sloop. When the ship reaches its destination at London Town, they are sold as slaves

1777—Quakers in Maryland outlaw slavery among their members

1839—Fair Haven resort opens; devel-oped by Weems family to attract passengers to their steamships, which were manned and operated almost entirely by slaves

Time Line of the African — American Experiencein Annapolis & Anne Arundel Countyin Annapolis & Anne Arundel Countyin Annapolis & Anne Arundel County

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Time Line of the African — American Experiencein Annapolis & Anne Arundel County

1851—William Parker, an escaped slave from southern Anne Arundel County, Roedown, becomes a hero of the Christiana Resistance in Pennsylvania

1857—The Dred Scott decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, written by Chief Justice Roger Taney, a Marylander, denies citizen-ship to African Americans, whether enslaved or free

1864—122 County slaves enlist in the U.S. Colored Troops at St. John’s College grounds in Annapolis; 8,718 free blacks and former slaves from Maryland fi ght in the Civil War

1864—Maryland abolishes slavery with a new state constitution–one year before the U.S. 13th Amendment abolishes slavery

1873—William H. Butler becomes the fi rst African- American and fi rst former slave in Maryland elected to public offi ce, serving on the Annapolis City Council, only three years after the 15th Amendment gave African Americans the right to vote

1908—Annapolis law deprives most African Americans the right to vote

1893—Dr. Daniel Hale Williams, grandson of a former Annapolis slave, performs pioneering heart surgery

1893—Highland Beach is founded as a summer resort by African Americans. Soon after, Frederick Douglass designs his summer home, “Twin Oaks,” there

1919—John Snowden, an African American, is the last man hanged for a crime in Annapolis; he was pardoned by Governor Glendening in 2001

1915—Supreme Court declares unconstitutional the 1908 law that disenfranchised Annapolis’ African- Americans, and it reinstates the voting rights of John Anderson, a black Civil War veteran from Annapolis

1949—Wesley A. Brown becomes the fi rst African-American graduate of the Naval Academy; later he rises to rank of Commander

1966—Dr. Aris T. Allen, prominent physician and Annapolitan, is the fi rst African-American delegate elected to the Maryland State Legislature

1960—Five Annapolitans lead a sit-in to desegregate the bus station’s restaurant

1995—Clayton Green, Jr. becomes the fi rst African-American Circuit Court Judge in the County’s 300 year history

2002—Led by Leonard A. Blackshear, a 20 year effort to install a Kunta Kinte-Alex Haley Memorial at Annapolis City Dock success-fully concludes

1967—Thurgood Marshall, a Maryland native, who fought for County teachers, becomes the fi rst African American to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court

2003—Michael Steele, Maryland’s fi rst African-American Lt. Governor, is sworn in at the State House in Annapolis

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B&A Trail Headquarters at Miller’s Station

Portrait Bust of Thurgood Marshall

B&A Park Ranger Station

at Earleigh Heights

By Land, By Air, By Sea

BY LANDB&A Trail Park and Railroad Museum stretches from Jonas Green Park in Annapolis to Dorsey Road in Glen Burnie • 410-222-6084Formerly the route of the Old B&A Short Line Railroad, this 13 mile route includes a 10 foot wide paved bike trail, picnic areas, water fountains, nearby food stations, and a Ranger Station and Railroad Museum. The north end of the trail connects to the BWI Airport Trail for another 11 miles. Many African Americans settled near the railroad stations in Northern Anne Arundel County. Job opportuni-ties included positions as porters, track inspectors, fl agmen, warehouse workers, and more. Clarence Hamilton of Dorsey became the fi rst African-American railroad supervisor in the area.

Beachwood Park (Future Site) 8320 Beachwood Park Road, Pasadena • 410-222-6248In 1948, Rev. Hiram Smith, a Baptist pastor, created an African-American beach and amusement park on the Magothy River. It operated until the early 1960s. Known as a great spot for fi shing, today the property is part of Anne Arundel County’s Parks system. Includes several natural walking trails.

BY AIRBaltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport BWI Airport 21240 • 410-859-7111Born in Baltimore, Maryland on July 2, 1908, Thurgood Marshall was the grandson of a slave. In 1967 he became the first African American elevated to the U.S. Supreme Court. The BWI Observation Gallery and the Thurgood Marshall Tribute exhibit are located on the upper level between Concourses B and C. The historic Benson Hammond House, home of the Ann Arundell County Historical Society, is located on a corner of the airport grounds.

BY SEACurtis Bay U.S . Coast Guard Yard2401 Hawkins Point Road • 410-576-2635Sitting on land which was once partially owned by one of the largest African-American land owners in Mary-land, the Curtis Bay Yard was also the 1999 commis-sioning site of the USCG Cutter Alex Haley (WMEC-39). The cutter was named after author and journalist Alex Haley, the first chief journalist of the Coast Guard, and the first African-American to reach the rank of Chief Petty Officer.

Views from the Magothy RiverBy boat, the entrance to the river is due west of Balti-more Light Station and is marked by a large wooden green beacon. There are a half dozen marinas and boatyards on the Magothy that offer transient slips, restrooms, showers, pump-out facilities, fuel, and restaurants. North Ferry Point and Cape Sable, site of the first alum factory in the U.S. was aided by slave labor, including skilled coopers and blacksmiths.

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Lloyd W. Keaser

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial

Lloyd W. KeaserLloyd W. KeaserLloyd W. KeaserLloyd W. Keaser

Food for the Table and the Soul

THE TABLEKnown as truck farming, produce grown in the northern and western parts of the County was “arabbed” to buyers on the street and sold at stalls in Baltimore markets. Black farms in the late 1800s and early 1900s aver-aged twenty acres. Today you can visit North and West County farmers’ markets during the growing seasons.

The Centre at Glen BurnieWednesdays, 9am–noon

Piney Orchard Community & Visitors Center In Odenton on Wednesdays, 2pm–6:30pm

Severna Park at Jones Station Road & Rt. 2Saturdays, 8am–Noon

“I say, Watermelon! Watermelon!

Got ‘em red to the rind!”

“Strawwwwwberrieeeees make rain rotten.

Rank Rotten Fish!”

THE SOULMount Zion United Methodist Church 8178 Artic Road, Pasadena • 410-255-4602 Hall’s United Methodist Church 7780 Solley Road, Glen Burnie • 410-360-1242In 1878, Freetown worshipers from these two “sister churches” attended a “Bush Meeting” at an assembly held opposite Nabbs Creek and Solly Road. Freetown, established in the 1840s by free blacks, became one of the largest popula-tion centers of free blacks outside of Annapolis during the 1800s. The Freetown School, (the present day community center) built in the 1920s, still survives and numbers among the handful of historic Rosenwald Schools in Anne Arundel County.

St. John United Methodist Church6019 Belle Grove Road, Pumphrey • 410-636-2578Founded in 1853 as Holly Run Mission, the church was originally a one-room church with a dirt floor and wooden benches. It was constructed by blacks who became tired of worshipping at a white church.

Lloyd W. Keaser Community Center5757 Belle Grove Road, Pumphrey • 410-789-2715Named for a hometown hero, this former elemen-tary school, now serves as a community center in honor of Lloyd W. Keaser. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, Keaser won a 1976 Olympics silver medal for wrestling. He shares his experiences through inspirational speaking.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. MemorialAnne Arundel Community College, Arnold• 410-777-2222 • Dr. King’s memorial sits on a well-maintained terrace overlooking an outdoor amphitheater on the College’s west campus. Five bronze plaques mounted on a stone wall quote some of King’s speeches.

—EARL DORSEYArabber

A diverse religious society of Priests and Brotherswhich has served the African-American

community for over 115 years.

www.josephite.com • 866-346-6727

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WARFrom before the Civil War to the present day, African Americans of this region have played a vital military role. Spend a half-day reliving some of their stories.

U.S. NAVAL ACADEMYU.S. Naval AcademyAnnapolis, Gate 1 • 410-263-6933Founded in 1845. Slaves and free blacks worked in the “Yard” as servants and assistants to offi cers and professors. Inventor and slave-turned-freeman Benjamin Boardley did his scientifi c work at the Academy’s chemistry department between 1856-1862. James Holliday worked as the “confi dential offi ce servant and messenger” for every Superintendent from 1845 until his death in 1882. Free man Moses Lake, popular Academy barber until 1862, died after the Civil War. Darius King, a free black from Pennsylvania, ran the Academy mess hall. In 1949, Wesley Brown became the fi rst African American to graduate from the Academy. Midshipman Lloyd “Butch” Keaser of Pumphrey became the 1976 Olympic silver medalist in wrestling.

U.S. Naval Academy MuseumPreble Hall410-293-2108Exhibits “The New Brigade” and “Without Regard to Gender” salute notable Black graduates Admiral Paul Reason, Marine Corps General Charles Bolden and Rear Admiral Michelle Howard.

Naval Academy CemeteryHospital PointFounded in 1869, the Cemetery includes a section for African-American babies, and another for Chief Stewards (African-American servants of captains or admirals on land and sea). It also includes a monu-ment to Isaac Mayo, a highly regarded and decorated offi cer in the U.S. Navy. Mayo’s 53-year career ended in disgrace in 1861 when he attempted to resign in protest of Abraham Lincoln’s stand on slavery. Mayo, a slave owner, lived in southern Anne Arundel County on the Gresham farm. He was instrumental in locating the Naval Academy in Annapolis.

Armel-Leftwich Visitor CenterSantee Basin, 410-293-8687See periodic displays of African-American history at the U.S. Naval Academy, and learn about available tours of the Academy grounds.

WAR

Behind the Scenes and on the Front Lines of War and politicsand on the Front Lines of War and and on the Front Lines of War and

May 30, 1861, the Gazette reported

Mr. Daniel Hyde went into the

Naval Academy to retrieve one of

his slaves, Sam Folks, who had

taken refuge there. Although the

commander was willing to give

Folks up, a number of soldiers

closed in, threatening to mob

the slave owner, who left empty

handed.

A Soldiers LetterUpton Hill [VA] January 12, 1862

“My Dear Wife, it is with grate joy I take this time to let you know Whare I am. I am now in Safety in the 14th Regiment of Brooklyn. This Day I can Adress you thank god as a free man...Dear you must make your Self content I am free from al the Slavers Lash...I trust the time Will Come When We Shal meet again And if We don’t met on earth We Will Meet in heven...Dear Elizabeth tell Mrs Ownees That I trust that She Will Continue Her kindess to you...I never Shall forgit her kindness to me...I Want you to rite To me Soon as you Can...Kiss Daniel For me.”

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“ A company of Negro soldiers on their way to Baltimore, were obliged to put into Annapolis on account of the ice during the latter part of February. They encamped at St. John’s College. They paraded the streets of Annapolis, and it aroused the military spirit amongst the colored people, who fl ocked to the camp and enlisted. One hundred and twenty went from Annapolis...”excerpt from Gazette, February 1864

–JOHNBOSTON

Charles Carroll of Carrollton House

Maryland State House-21-

B EYOND THE ACADEMY GROUNDSSt. John’s College CampusCollege Avenue, AnnapolisSite of Union troop (including U. S. Colored Troops) encampment during the Civil War. In early 1864, 122 slaves from Annapolis and Anne Arundel County traveled to the site of St. John’s Campus to enlist in the Union Army. Many of these men fought at the Battle of the Crater in Petersburg, Virginia on July 30th of that year.

Annapolis National Cemetery West Street at Westgate Circle, AnnapolisBurial site for military veterans, including U.S. Colored Troop veterans.

Brewer Hill Cemetery West Street adjacent to Annapolis National Cemetery, Annapolis African-American cemetery and burial site of free blacks, former slaves, and U.S. Colored Troop veterans.

Maryland World War II Memorial1920 Ritchie Highway, AnnapolisEtched in granite are the names of 6,454 Marylanders who lost their lives. Scenic views of the Severn River and the U.S. Naval Academy.

POLITICSIn 1695 when Annapolis became the center of government for the Maryland colony, and then later the State of Maryland, it also became the “in town” residential location and gathering point for many of this nation’s founding fathers – such as early colonial governors, the Maryland Signers of the Declaration of Independence, and General George Washington before he became this nation’s fi rst President. Ironically, while these men were striving for freedom, they depended upon the bound labor of slaves to support their activities, both in town and at their country plantations. Slaves, and later free blacks, became the backbone of the City’s operations.

Spend half a day visiting these sites, all of which have guided tours and are within walking distance of one another.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton House107 Duke of Gloucester Street on the grounds of St. Mary’s Church • 410-269-1737The Carroll House, c. 1723-1735, was the home to several generations of Carrolls including Charles, the only Catholic signer of the Declaration of Independence. It was the residence of Moll, a Carroll slave who was born around 1753 and ran away several times. Her presumed lover, a Brice House slave, was murdered after their last attempt to fl ee.

Maryland State House State Circle • 410-974-3400 • Photo ID requiredBuilt c. 1772-79, the State House is the Nation’s oldest state capitol in continuous use. From November 1783 to August 1784, it housed the Continental Congress, and is the only state house ever to have served as the nation’s capitol. Here many of Maryland’s laws related to slavery and the status of free blacks were legislated. In the main entrance hall is a plaque commemorating Matthew Henson, African American and co-discoverer of the North Pole. Outside on the State House grounds sit the statues of Thurgood Marshall, the fi rst black Supreme Court Justice, appointed in 1967, and Roger B. Taney, a U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice known for his infamous 1857 opinion in the Dred Scott case.

Spend half a day

Banneker-Douglass Museum

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Maryland & Washington DC Area

Explore African-American History at HistoricPrinceGeorges.com/AfricanAmerican

William Paca HouseWilliam Paca HouseWilliam Paca HouseWilliam Paca HouseWilliam Paca House

Chase-Lloyd House

Sandy Point FarmhouseSandy Point FarmhouseSandy Point FarmhouseSandy Point FarmhouseSandy Point Farmhouse

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Chase-Lloyd House22 Maryland Avenue • 410-263-2723This house is a Georgian mansion begun in 1769 by Samuel Chase, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. It was later purchased and completed by the Lloyd family. Sall Wilks, a favored house slave of Edward Lloyd IV, was the housekeeper here. Although Sall herself was never free, the Lloyds manumitted three of her daughters, who married members of the city’s free black community. A great-grandson, Daniel Hale Williams, who once lived in Annapolis, was renowned for his early heart surgery performed in Chicago in 1893.

William Paca House and Gardens (Carvel Hall) 186 Prince George Street • 410-267-7619 One of the four Maryland signers of the Declaration of Independence, Governor William Paca built this mansion between 1763 and 1765. Eight to ten slaves lived here during that time. Much later, the house was converted into a hotel named Carvel Hall Hotel, where African-American maitre d’ Marcellus Hall was confi dante to legislators and mentor to youth and midshipmen for nearly 50 years. Hall eventually wrote a guide book to the city and also served on the city’s fi rst Historic District Commission. Governor Tawes honored Hall by naming him “Admiral of the Chesapeake.”

SANDY POINT STATE PARKoff U.S. Routes 50/301 at Exit 32 by the Bay Bridge1-888-432-2267 (entrance fee)

This 786-acre park on the Chesapeake Bay offers recreational activities such as swim-ming, fi shing, crabbing, boating, windsurfi ng, and bird watching. The park includes a sandy beach, hiking trails, boat launch, picnic grounds, playground, and historic landmarks.

Sandy Point Farmhouse William Evans, former slave of this historic farmhouse’s owner, Captain Thomas Mezick, enlisted in the United States Colored Troops to fi ght for the Union during the Civil War. Mezick’s father purchased the farm in 1833. The prior owner, Henry E. Mayer, at the time of his death in 1831, left the farmhouse, a barn, slave quarters, seventeen slaves, a carriage house, stable, wooden granary, and personal inventory worth in excess of $4,000. The farmhouse, while not open to the public, can be viewed from the road.

Behind the Scenes–Continued

A Day at the Beach

Sandy Point Lighthouse Thomas B. Davis, keeper of the Sandy Point Lighthouse, wrote a letter to Judge Hugh Lennox Bond to report that former slaves in the area were being hunted down by bands of people with revolvers and horse whips. The letter was written fi ve days after the Maryland state constitution abolished slavery on November 1, 1864.

1845—James Holliday (offi ce assistant & messenger to 11 different superintendents)and John Dennis (grounds keeper) are employed as Black civilians.Holliday serves until his death in 1882 and Dennis until 1910.

1872—James Conyers is the fi rst Black Midshipman to attend the US Naval Academy.He is nominated by Congressman Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina, the 2nd African American to serve in the US Congress.

1949—Wesley Brown becomes the fi rst African American to graduate from the US Naval Academy. He serves on active duty for twenty years as a Seabee in the Civil Engineering Corps.

1972—Terry Lewis is the fi rst Black coach hired by George Welsh to serve as an assistant football coach. Lewis, a former All- American tackle from Southern University, begins his coaching career after a short stint as a professional football player for New York’s Buffalo Bills team in 1970.

1872—1937Five Black Midshipmen attend the Academy prior to Wesley Brown in 1945, but all suffer severe hazing and abuse from their classmates and fail to graduate.

1880—Black sailors in the Stewards Branch of the Navy, often referred to as messmen, are assigned to work as cooks and waiters in the Midshipman’s massive dormi-tory, Bancroft Hall, until 1975.

1919—Black sailors live onboard the SS Cumberland barracks ship docked at the US Naval Academy in the Severn River. These sailors work as messmen in the Midshipmen’s dining hall until 1946.

1964—Calvin Huey is the fi rst Black Midshipman to play varsity football. Huey —a star half back—plays with Heisman trophy winner Roger Staubach. Staubach helms the team for three seasons, leading the Midshipmen to two victories in the Army-Navy Game and an appearance in 1964 Cotton Bowl Classic.

1966—Thomas Short becomes the fi rst Black Navy Petty Offi cer and musi-cian to join the prestigious US Naval Academy Band. Short is an outstanding tuba player.

United States Naval Academy Time Line of the African — American Experience

1974—Lieutenant Commander Stanley J. Carter, Class of 1965, is the fi rst Black to serve in a key leadership role as a Company Offi cer. He is responsible for teaching military bearing and professional training to a Company of 110 Midshipmen in the 4,000 member Brigade of Midshipmen.

1976—Mason “Chuck” Reddix is the fi rst Black Midshipman to hold the highest student leadership rank of Brigade Commander of his 4,000 fellow Midshipmen. He represents the Brigade at ceremonial func-tions, parades and military formations, and is the head of the Midshipman chain of command.

1966—Dr. Samuel Massie joins the chemistry department faculty, becoming the Academy’s fi rst Black civilian professor. He serves for 30 years before retiring in 1993.

During his tenure he serves as the Department Chairman and wrote Catalyst; the Autobiogrphy of an American Chemist.

United States Naval Academy Time Line of the African — American Experience

1978—Reverend J.C. Williams, a Baptist minister from Benedict College in South Carolina is the Academy’s fi rst Black Navy Chaplain.

1978—Dr. Marlene C. Browne joins the English Department and becomes the Academy’s fi rst African- American female faculty member.

1981—Midshipman Patricia Cole was the Academy’s fi rst Black female cheerleader in 1981. She gradu-ated from the Academy in 1982 and became one of the Navy’s top leaders rising to the rank of Captain and serving as the Commanding Offi cer of a Naval Computer and Communications Station in 2010.

2010—Ricky Dobbs, Class of 2011, is selected as the quarterback and captain of the football team. Dobbs scored a school-record 27 touchdowns and set the NCAA record for single-season rushing touchdowns as a quarterback.

2009—President Obama selects Major General Charles Bolden to serve as the Director of NASA. Bolden graduated from the Academy in 1968. He later becomes the fi rst Black graduate to be selected as a NASA astronaut and fl y on four space shuttle missions.

2009—Byron F. Marchant is selected as President & CEO of the Alumni Association. In 2009 he is responsible for raising millions of dollars to support the Brigade. He is a 1978 graduate and a highly-respected lawyer and businssman.

2010—Retired Admiral J. Paul Reason is honored as a Distinguished Graduate, the Academy’s top award for lifelong service. He is a 1965 graduate and the former Commander in Chief of the US Atlantic Fleet in 1996.

2008—Michelle Howard is the fi rst female graduate to be promoted to Rear Admiral. A 1982 graduate, she becomes the fi rst Black female to command a Navy warship, the USS Rushmore, in 1998.

1980—Janie L. Mines becomes the fi rst Black female Midshipman to graduate. She is in the fi rst class of women to attend the Academy after President Gerald Ford signs a new law in 1976 authorizing women to attend the service academies.

1984—Robert Curbeam graduates from the Academy and goes on to fl y as a NASA astronaut on several space shuttle missions between 1997 and 2006 to the International Space Station.

2006—Bruce E. Grooms serves as Commandant of Midshipmen.Grooms gradu-ated from the Academy in 1980 and went on to command a nuclear-powered submarine.

1981— Rear Admiral Barry Black is the second Black Chaplain to serve at the Academy. He goes on to become Chief of Chaplain and currently serves as the Chaplain of the US Senate.

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Chauvenet HallCharles Bolden (Class of 1968) studied calculus and statistics here in the Division of Mathematics.Bolden went on to become a Marine Corps pilot rising to the rank of Major General. He was also one of the fi rst Black space-shuttle astronauts. President Obama selected Bolden to become the Director of NASA in 2009.

Alumni HallMontel Williams (Class of 1980) served on submarines for eight years as a cryptology expert. As an Emmy Award-winning television talk show host, Montel was also the keynote speaker for the Forrestal Lecture in 1993 at Alumni Hall. The Hall contains a multi-purpose auditorium for functions from basketball games to symphony orchestra performances. The Academy presents its Forrestal Lecture Series here featuring a variety of noted celebrities, politicians, and military fi gures.

Preble HallLillie Mae Chase, a dedicated and valued member of the custodial staff in the Preble Hall Museum and the Naval Academy Chapel, Mrs. Chase was a mentor to Black Midshipmen and offi cers from 1955 until her death in 2001. The Midshipmen she mentored when on to become Navy admirals, Marine Corps generals, and NASA astronauts. The museum contains a collection of more than 50,000 items depicting American Naval history.

Naval Academy ChapelBarry Black, was the second Black Chaplain assigned to the Academy in 1982. He rose to the rank of Rear Admiral. In 2003, he was selected to serve as the Chaplain of the US Senate. Protestant and Catholic services are held in the Chapel, with the Academy Gospel Choir singing at many of the services. The copper dome over the Chapel and the cupola is 200 feet above the main altar area. The Chapel has a seating capacity of 2,500.

Bancroft HallRear Admiral Bruce Grooms, who served as the Commandant of Midshipmen from 2006-2009, was responsible for the military leadership training and discipline of the entire Brigade of 4,000 Midshipmen. He distinguished himself in the fleet as the Commanding Officer of a nuclear-powered submarine. Bancroft Hall is the home of the Midshipmen. It contains nearly 1,700 dorm rooms and almost five miles of corridors.

Chauvenet Hall

African-American Super Stars & US Naval Academy Landmarks

Clarles Bolden

African-American Super Stars & US Naval African-American Super Stars & US Naval Academy Landmarks

African-American Super Stars & US Naval Academy Landmarks

African-American Super Stars & US Naval Academy Landmarks

Chauvenet Hall

Montel Williams

Alumni Hall

Rickover HallRobert L. Curbeam (Class of 1990) returned several years after graduation to teach engineering. He became an astronaut and completed seven space walks during his space shuttle missions to the International Space Station. Rickover Hall houses the Division of Engineering and Weapons.

Michelson HallDr. Samuel Massie was the fi rst Black civilian professor hired to teach at the Academy and did so from 1966-1993. He was named one of the 75 premier chemists of the 20th Century along with Marie Curie and George Washington Carver. Chemistry, physics, and biology courses are taught in Michelson Hall which has extensive state-of-the-art laboratory facilities.

-27--27-

King HallMelvin Williams Sr. served as a steward/messman for 27 years in the Navy. Hundreds of other Black messmen like him served in King Hall, a dining hall that seats the entire 4,000 members of the Brigade of Midshipmen. Black sailors and civilians have served as stewards, waiters, and cooks from the very early days of the Academy in 1845. Although Williams did not serve in King Hall, years later he was instrumental in dedicating a special plaque here to honor the service of Black and Fillipino stewards.

Levy Center and Jewish ChapelLeo Williams is the fi rst Black Academy graduate to be promoted to General in the Marine Corps Reserve. He went on to distinguish himself as a dynamic leader in business and industry as an execu-tive for Ford Motor Company. The Levy Center and Jewish Chapel supports the moral development of Midshipmen in its Character Learning Center.

Macdonough HallVice Admiral Melvin Williams was an outstanding athlete at the Academy and went on to command a nuclear-powered submarine and later the US Second Fleet comprised of over 126 ships and submarines. Macdonough Hall houses an array of athletic facilities including weight rooms, volleyball courts, a gymnastics arena and a pool that serves as the home to the Navy Water Polo team.

Luce HallAdmiral Paul Reason honed his seamanship skills here prior to going on to command the nuclear-powered, guided missile cruiser USS Bainbridge and later leading nearly half of the Navy’s ships as the Commander in Chief of the US Atlantic Fleet in 1999. He was the fi rst Black offi cer in US history to be promoted to 4-stars as one of the Navy’s senior admirals. Luce Hall is home to the Professional Development and Leadership, Ethics, and Law Departments. Midshipmen also study navigation and astronomy here.

Dahlgren HallMatice Wright (Class of 1988) was the fi rst Black woman Naval Flight Offi cer to earn her wings as an aircraft navigator in 1989. Wright was selected by President Bill Clinton to serve as a White House Fellow in 1997. Dahlgren Hall contains a replica of the Wright Brothers B1 glider, the fi rst Naval airplane commissioned in 1911. It hangs from the ceiling of the hall. Dahlgren Hall houses Drydock, which serves pub-type food for Midshipmen and their guests. The Hall is also the site for Academy dances.

Macdonough Hall

Melvin Williams, Sr.

Luce Hall

skills here prior to going on to command the nuclear-

Departments. Midshipmen also study navigation and

Dahlgren Hall

the Wright Brothers B1 glider, the fi rst Naval airplane

Macdonough HallMacdonough Hall

Dahlgren Hall

Matice Wright

King Hall

African-American Super Stars & US Naval Academy Landmarks

Lejeune HallLloyd “Butch” Keaser (Class of 1972) was a two-time All American in wrestling. While serving as a US Marine Corps offi cer he won the Silver Medal in wrestling at the 1976 Olympics in Montreal. Today, he is a dynamic motivational speaker and high school wrestling coach. The Lejeune Physical Education Center houses an Olympic-size pool and is the home of the Navy wrestling team. The Academy Athletic Hall of Fame is also located in Lejeune and features the top athletes in twenty varsity sports.

Ricketts HallVice Admiral Derwood Curtis was an outstanding scholar-athlete as a Midshipman and helped to lead the football team to many victories in the 1970s. He went on to serve as Commander of the Pacifi c Fleet’s Naval Surface Force comprised of over 160 ships. Ricketts Hall houses the Athletic Association headquarters’ offi ces which coordinate 9 women’s and 17 men’s sports programs including sailing, water polo, rowing, football, and basketball.

Halsey Field House

David Robinson (Class of 1987) served in the Civil Engineer Corps. He is considered by many to be the best basketball player in Academy history. He went on to lead the San Antonio Spurs to two national championships and was selected for the National Basketball Association Hall of Fame in 2009. Halsey Field House is an expansive 80,000 sq. ft. facility used for sports and physical training.

Mahan HallRear Admiral Michelle Howard performed in several plays in 1982 as a Midshipman. She went on to become the fi rst Black woman to command a Navy ship, the USS Rushmore in 1998, and the fi rst woman Academy graduate to be promoted to Admiral in 2006. Mahan Hall houses the audito-rium where the Midshipmen theatre group, the Masqueraders, perform.

Worden FieldVice Admiral Anthony Winns (Class of 1978) was one of the fi rst Black musicians to play in the Drum & Bugle Corps. He went on to earn his Navy wings and command an aircraft squadron and the amphibious assault ship USS Essex. Worden Field is the main parade ground for the Brigade. Marching music is provided by the US Naval Academy Band, Midshipmen Drum & Bugle Corps and Scottish Pipes and Drums.

Brown Field HouseLieutenant Commander Wesley Brown (Class of 1949) was the fi rst Black Midshipman to graduate from the Academy. He served for 20 years. He accompanied the Navy football team to the White House to receive the Commander-in-Chief Trophy from President Obama in 2010. The Wesley A. Brown fi eld house was named after him. It supports all aspects of the Academy’s physical education, personal fi tness, and varsity sports programs.

Naval Health Clinic AnnapolisVice Admiral Adam Robinson was a skilled surgeon and dynamic administrator who served on board the aircraft carrier USS Midway. Years later as the Surgeon General of the Navy he oversaw the operation of all Navy medical facilities including the clinic in Annapolis and the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. The Naval Health Clinic provides primary care for Midshipmen, active duty sailors and offi cers assigned to the Academy.

Lloyd “Butch” Keaser

Academy Athletic Hall of Fame

David RobinsonHalsey Field House

in the 1970s. He went on to serve as Commander of in the 1970s. He went on to serve as Commander of

Association headquarters’ offi ces which coordinate 9 women’s and 17 men’s sports programs including sailing, water polo, rowing, football, and basketball.

Halsey Field House (Class of 1987) served in the Civil

Engineer Corps. He is considered by many to be the

Basketball Association Hall of Fame in 2009. Halsey Halsey Field HouseHalsey Field House

Academy Athletic Academy Athletic

David RobinsonDavid Robinson

-28-

Lejeune Hall

African-American Super Stars & US Naval Academy Landmarks

No one knew the inner workings and politics of the Academy’s daily operations better than Mr. James Holliday. Beginning with the US Naval Academy’s opening in 1845, until his death in 1882, Jim served as offi ce assistant and messenger to eleven different Academy superintendents.

Jim was a strikingly handsome man approximately 5”5” tall. He was described as having a brown complexion and a small scar beneath his right eyelid. He was born as a slave in Anne Arundel County. Within three years after receiving his freedom, he was working in the offi ce of Superintendent Franklin Buchanan. His friendly paternal nature endeared him to many a young plebe.

Professors, administrators, and midshipmen all turned to Jim for advice and counsel. Serving as the key gatekeeper for each of the Superintendents, Jim wielded a certain amount of power and authority within the Academy grounds. He was also one of the fi rst offi cials seen by the young boys seeking admission into the Academy. Jim would escort them to the different physical and academic examinations required for acceptance, providing each new candidate with encouragement. The successful candidates regarded Jim as part of the reason for their success as they progressed from youngsters into full-blown offi cers.

On one occasion when Jim was returning on a practice ship from a training cruise with the midshipmen, they witnessed together from aboard the ship Jim’s East Street home being destroyed by fi re. His house was later rebuilt with funds donated by the midshipmen. The rebuilt house was completed the second year of the Civil War while Jim was stationed temporarily in Newport, Rhode Island. The mids took up another collection for Jim to pay for his traveling expenses to Annapolis and back to view the completed house. A letter of safe passage was written by then Superintendent Blake. After the War Years Jim also became active in Annapolis politics, advocating for better education for African Americans. One of his daughters became a local school teacher.

Jim died at the age of 71, having worked 37 years at the Academy. He was buried at St. Anne’s Cemetery on Northwest Street. Today his home still stands and is currently owned by a descendent.

paternal nature endeared him to many a young plebe.

Professors, administrators, and midshipmen all turned to Jim for advice and counsel. Serving as the key gatekeeper for each of the Superintendents, Jim wielded a certain amount of power and authority within the Academy grounds. He was also one of the fi rst offi cials seen by the young boys seeking admission into the Academy. Jim would escort them to the different physical and academic examinations required for acceptance, providing each new candidate with encouragement. The successful candidates regarded Jim as part of the reason for their success as they progressed from youngsters into full-blown offi cers.

On one occasion when Jim was returning on a practice ship from a training cruise with the

James Holliday

99 East Street

Mr. James Beginning with the US Naval Academy’s

served as offi ce assistant and messenger to eleven

Jim was a strikingly handsome man approximately

99 East Street99 East Street

-29-

James Holliday“Confi dant” to the First Eleven Superintendents

“The bearer James Holliday (colored) has been for many years attached

to the U.S. Naval Academy as Messenger to the Superintendent. He

is regularly enrolled in the service of the United States and is now on

leave of absence to go to Annapolis & return to the Academy at Newport

Rhode Island. I commend him most especially to the protection of all

authorities….”

—Y.S. BLAKE SUPIT OF NAVAL ACADEMY Newport, RI 17th June1863

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AFRICAN-AMERICAN HERITAGE

RECORDED WALKING TOUR

410-267-6656History Quest 99 Main Street, Annapolis

ANNAPOLIS MARITIME MUSEUM

410-295-0104133 Bay Shore Drive, Annapolis

ANNAPOLIS & ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY CONFERENCE & VISITORS BUREAU

410-280-044526 West Street, Annapolis

ANNAPOLIS AFRICAN-AMERICAN TOURS

410-268-7600Watermark Tours, Annapolis

BANNEKER-DOUGLASS MUSEUM 410-216-618084 Franklin Street, Annapolis

CAPTAIN SALEM AVERY HOUSE

410-867-4486West Shady Side Road, Shady Side

DISCOVER ANNAPOLIS TROLLEY TOURS

410-626-6000Leaving from Visitors’ Center at 26 West Street & History Quest at 99 Main Street, Annapolis

Area Resources & Tours

FOUR RIVERS: THE HERITAGE AREA OF ANNAPOLIS, LONDON TOWN & SOUTH COUNTY

410-222-180544 Calvert Street, Arundel Center Annapolis

FREDERICK DOUGLASS MUSEUM

410-267-69603200 Wayman Avenue, Highland Beach

GALESVILLE HERITAGE MUSEUM

410-867-9499988 Main Street, Galesville

HISTORIC ANNAPOLIS FOUNDATION

410-267-761918 Pinkney Street, Shiplap House, Annapolis

HISTORIC LONDON TOWN & GARDENS 410-222-1919839 Londontown Road, Edgewater

KUNTA KINTE-ALEX HALEY RESOURCE CENTER

410-956-9090135 Stepneys Lane, Edgewater

MARYLAND OFFICE OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

1-866-MDWelcome401 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore

MARYLAND STATE ARCHIVES/HALL OF RECORDS

410-260-6400350 Rowe Boulevard, Annapolis

MARYLAND STATE HOUSE 410-974-340091 State House Circle, Annapolis

OUR LOCAL LEGACY TOURS,AFRICAN-AMERICAN HERITAGE TOURS

410-590-1325 or 443-854-1315Annapolis

U.S. NAVAL ACADEMY TOURS 410-293-TOURS (8687)Armel-Leftwich Visitor Center, Annapolis

WILEY H. BATES LEGACY CENTER

410-263-1860Annapolis

For additional information and further resources, visit kintehaley.org/aframsites.html

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