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After IndependenceAfter Independence
What happens now?What happens now?
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APK: Activation of Prior KnowledgeWrite at least 2-3 sentences describing a time when…
You finally got your way or something you really wanted for a long time and then did not know what to do with it.
Question of the Day
How were the Founding Fathers able to resolve their differences to form a federal government in the United States of America?
What has happened in America What has happened in America recently? [From 1775-1783]recently? [From 1775-1783]
The United States declared independence from Great The United States declared independence from Great BritainBritain
Great Britain sent troops to take the colonies backGreat Britain sent troops to take the colonies back
The United States created a written plan for their new The United States created a written plan for their new government called the Articles of Confederationgovernment called the Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation proved to weak and The Articles of Confederation proved to weak and ineffectiveineffective
Because they Articles of Confederation were weak the Because they Articles of Confederation were weak the new states had to convene to create a new constitutionnew states had to convene to create a new constitution
To keep you on trackTo keep you on trackTopics Specific details/facts Impacts or effects
Constitutional Convention
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
Federalism
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
Connecticut’s Great Compromise
3/5ths Compromise
Constitutional Convention in PhiladelphiaConstitutional Convention in Philadelphia•Delegates from all 13 former colonies met to share ideas about how best to create a new federal government to replace the flawed Articles of Confederation.
•The convention [meeting] lasted about four [4] months and was intended to write and ratify [pass] a United States Constitution.
•Not everyone was happy with the result but because of their hard work we have a framework of government that has lasted for over 200 years.
After all of the “drama…”After all of the “drama…”
People within the old English American colonies People within the old English American colonies began to “takes sides.”began to “takes sides.”
FactionsFactions developed. developed.
A faction is a group of people who comes together to A faction is a group of people who comes together to organize and get something accomplishedorganize and get something accomplished
The two main factions were:The two main factions were:
FederalistsFederalists-This group wanted create a constitution -This group wanted create a constitution that would unite all 13 colonies under one that would unite all 13 colonies under one governmentgovernment
The Federalists supported the U.S. ConstitutionThe Federalists supported the U.S. Constitution
The Anti-federalists were worried that a national The Anti-federalists were worried that a national government would be just like Great Britain and government would be just like Great Britain and control citizens too much.control citizens too much.
Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists were against the U.S. Constitution were against the U.S. Constitution
The anti-federalists wanted to guarantee personal The anti-federalists wanted to guarantee personal freedoms such as speech and religion freedoms such as speech and religion
FederalismFederalism Federalism-Federalism- Type of Type of
government with government with separate and separate and individual (sovereign individual (sovereign states).states).
However, states However, states must must followfollow a higher a higher (federal) law. (federal) law.
Separation of Powers Separation of Powers Although each of the 13 states Although each of the 13 states
was was sovereignsovereign [power and [power and authority for themselves] the authority for themselves] the state governments were subject state governments were subject to the power of the federal to the power of the federal government.government.
So this meant that in any So this meant that in any disagreement between the disagreement between the Federal/Central/NationalFederal/Central/National governmentgovernment and the and the statesstates……
Who wins?Who wins?
The The FederalFederal government!government!
Remember that this idea was Remember that this idea was Montesquieu’s.Montesquieu’s. Subordinate-inferior, under, responsible to.
FederalistsFederalists The Federalists favored a The Federalists favored a
strong federal/national/central strong federal/national/central government.government.
Small states with fewer Small states with fewer people supported this faction people supported this faction (The Federalists).(The Federalists).
The Federalists wanted The Federalists wanted Americans to approve the Americans to approve the proposed United States proposed United States Constitution.Constitution.
Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists
The Anti-federalists were The Anti-federalists were from larger states and they from larger states and they favored stronger (state) local favored stronger (state) local governments.governments.
The Anti-federalist did not The Anti-federalist did not trust a federal/national/central trust a federal/national/central government because of past government because of past experience of mistreatment experience of mistreatment by England prior to the by England prior to the Revolution.Revolution.
Virginia
Pennsylvania
How can we solve these issues?How can we solve these issues? The The CompromiseCompromise
Each side (Federalists Each side (Federalists versus Anti-Federalists) versus Anti-Federalists) had to give up had to give up something.something.
The problem for the new The problem for the new states:states:
What kind of government What kind of government would they have?would they have?
TheThe Virginia PlanVirginia Plan [large states][large states]
James MadisonJames Madison came up with a came up with a plan of plan of shared powershared power within the within the new federal government.new federal government.
There would be There would be three three (3) (3) branchesbranches [parts] of [parts] of government.government.
Remember that this was Remember that this was Montesquieu’sMontesquieu’s idea idea
A federal/national A federal/national LegislatureLegislature [[LegislativeLegislative]]
To propose, debate and pass lawsTo propose, debate and pass laws
A federal/national A federal/national JudiciaryJudiciary [[JudicialJudicial]]
To interpret laws and hear appeals from To interpret laws and hear appeals from lower courtslower courts
An federal/national An federal/national PresidentPresident [[Executive]Executive] To lead and ensure laws passed by the To lead and ensure laws passed by the
Congress are enforced Congress are enforced
Virginia Plan Virginia Plan [large states][large states]
Executive (president)Executive (president)
Enforces (executes), carries out the Enforces (executes), carries out the laws.laws.
Provides leadershipProvides leadership
Head of StateHead of State
Commander-in-chief of military.Commander-in-chief of military.
Chief DiplomatChief Diplomat
Virginia Plan Virginia Plan [large states][large states]
Judicial BranchJudicial Branch (Supreme (Supreme Court)Court)
Interprets (explains/decides) Interprets (explains/decides) what the laws mean.what the laws mean.
Hear appeals from lower Hear appeals from lower courts.courts.
Settle legal disputes between Settle legal disputes between branches.branches.
Based on what?Based on what?
The U.S. Constitution!The U.S. Constitution!
Virginia Plan Virginia Plan [large states][large states]
As a large state, with thousands of slaves, As a large state, with thousands of slaves, Virginia wanted to have a Virginia wanted to have a CongressCongress [[Legislature BranchLegislature Branch-people who made laws] -people who made laws] that based on that based on the amount of representatives each state the amount of representatives each state had on each state’s population with only had on each state’s population with only one house.one house.
This idea did not make states with smaller This idea did not make states with smaller population happy!population happy!
The New Jersey Plan The New Jersey Plan [Small states][Small states]
In response to the Virginia Plan states with smaller In response to the Virginia Plan states with smaller populations became nervous.populations became nervous.
New Jersey believed larger states would dominate the New Jersey believed larger states would dominate the Congress.Congress.
They believed They believed each state should have equal each state should have equal representationrepresentation..
No one state should be more powerful than another.No one state should be more powerful than another.
Connecticut’s Connecticut’s Great CompromiseGreat Compromise
•The Delegates from Connecticut had an idea to bring all sides together.
•A compromise to blend the ideas of Virginia and New Jersey created a bicameral legislature
•The new Congress would have two [2] separate houses.
•The Senate and the House of Representatives
•The Senate would have equal representation [2 per state]
•The House of Representatives would have membership based on the state’s population [larger states would have more]
The 3/5ths CompromiseThe 3/5ths Compromise Slave states wanted to include slaves in Slave states wanted to include slaves in
their population counts even though their population counts even though slaves were not considered citizens.slaves were not considered citizens.
If allowed, this compromise would boost If allowed, this compromise would boost population count and grant population count and grant more more representativesrepresentatives to slave states in the to slave states in the federal legislature (Congress).federal legislature (Congress).
This compromise could benefit large This compromise could benefit large population states such as Virginia.population states such as Virginia.
This would create more voting power in This would create more voting power in the Congress.the Congress.
States with large slave populations States with large slave populations struck a dealstruck a deal with Northern states and with Northern states and accepted the compromise.accepted the compromise.
For every 5 slaves states were allowed For every 5 slaves states were allowed to count 3 for purposes of population.to count 3 for purposes of population.
The result of the Philadelphia Convention was a ratified federal U.S. Constitution.
All 13 states, except Rhode Island, ratified (passed and accepted) the U.S. Constitution in 1787 and it became the framework of our government.
The document is often a living document because the Framers wrote it with knowledge that it future Americans would have use it."There are several parts of this Constitution which I do not at present approve, but I am not sure I shall never approve them. ... I doubt too whether any other Convention we can obtain, may be able to make a better Constitution. ... It therefore astonishes me, Sir, to find this system approaching so near to perfection as it does; and I think it will astonish our enemies..." --Benjamin Franklin What did Benjamin Franklin mean by this?
Group work: Create posters Group 1 N.J. Plan
Group 2 Virginia Plan
Group 3 The Connecticut Plan a.k.a The Great Compromise
Group 4 The 3/5ths Compromise
Students will assemble into groups and each group will create a poster that will promote one of the above plans or compromises as if they were to present it to the Constitutional Convention to convince people to support it. Include specific details and creative reasons why people should support this plan or compromise.
321 Closure Assignment321 Closure Assignment[Be prepared to discuss this in class when I return][Be prepared to discuss this in class when I return]
3 3 lessons learned from the Constitutional Convention-lessons learned from the Constitutional Convention-
22 things you would ask either side in the Federalist/Anti-Federalist things you would ask either side in the Federalist/Anti-Federalist debate- debate-
1 1 decision you would have handled differently [why?]-decision you would have handled differently [why?]-
Images SourcesImages Sources http://www.americanpresident.org/history/johnadams/biography/http://www.americanpresident.org/history/johnadams/biography/
resources/images/TreatyofParis.image.jpgresources/images/TreatyofParis.image.jpg http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/images/us_map_new.gifhttp://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/images/us_map_new.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/
Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpgTreaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg http://www.scholastic.ca/bookfairs/contact/images/http://www.scholastic.ca/bookfairs/contact/images/
map_of_canada_english.gifmap_of_canada_english.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/
Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.pScene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.pngng
