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Virus & BacteriaAgenda:• Notes: Bacteria• Activity: Human vs. Bacteria • Activity: Summary and Comic Strip• QUIZ: VIRUSES AND BACTERIA!!
Homework:• Small Bacteria Big Trouble Worksheet
due Friday 5/1/2015 for 15 Points
Wednesday/Thursday 4/29-4/30/2015
Bacteria• Bacteria are prokaryotes,
simple and less complex living organisms.
• The bacteria discussed in this unit are organisms that are composed from the kingdom Eubacteria, domain Bacteria and the kingdom Archaebacteria, domain Archaea.
Eukaryotes VS Prokaryotes…What’s the difference?
Q4 WK6 D2
Eukaryotes VS Prokaryotes• Eukaryotes1. Has a nucleus & other
organelles2. Large ribosomes 3. Has a cytoskeleton4. Divides through mitosis
or meiosis5. Asexual or sexual
reproduction6. DNA is linear
• Prokaryotes1. No nucleus or other
organelles2. Small ribosomes3. No cytoskeleton4. Divides through binary
fission5. Asexual ONLY6. DNA is circular
Bacteria VS Virus• Similarities1. Both are microscopic2. Both can evolve to
pathogens3. There are helpful and
harmful viruses and bacteria
• Differences1. Bacteria are much
LARGER than a virus2. Bacteria are living,
viruses are non-living3. Bacteria are treated
through antibiotics, viruses through vaccine
Bacterial shapes1. Bacillus: rod-shaped cell2. Coccus: round, spherical shaped cell3. Spirillum: spiral cell
small bacteria… BIG TROUBLE• HOMEWORK !!!
Good Bacteria Bacteria is known for causing us to feel sick, form diseases and
spoil food…so, what are the benefits of bacteria???
1. Food & Chemical Production: Many processed food are made by bacteria!Example: Swiss cheese, pickles, olives, vinegar and sourdough bread.Example: A bacterium clostridium produces acetone & butanol.
2. Mining & environmental use: Powders containing petroleum-metabolizing bacteria are used in the clean up of oil spills, aiding in carbon and nitrogen cycles
Bad Bacteria • Our bodies are a treasure chest of resources: proteins,
minerals, fats, carbs and vitamins. We need and want these resources, but so does bacteria…
Competition for these resources can result in an illness
Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cause food poisoning.
Helicobacter pylori cause gastritis and ulcers.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea.
Neisseria meningitidis causes meningitis.
Staphylococcus aureus causes a variety of infections in the body, including boils, cellulitis, abscesses, wound infections, toxic shock syndrome, pneumonia, and food poisoning
Streptococcal bacteria cause a variety of infections in the body, including pneumonia, meningitis, ear infections, and strep throat.
Bad bacteria examples
Case# 7222012: The Human Body VS Bacteria
VS
Handout
FYI: 25 top dirtiest things we touch…25. Door knobs 15. Bathtub24. Fridge handle 14. Light switch23. Vending machines 13. Oven mitt22. Parking meters 12. Elevator button21. Crosswalk buttons 11. Mailbox handle20. ATM machine …..19. Remote control18. Toilet seat17. Cell phone16. Inside bathroom stall latch
Q4 WK6 D1
10. Self check out- supermarket 9. Money ($1) 8. Gas pump handle7. Escalator rails6. Keyboards5. Kitchen sink4. Shopping carts3. Drinking fountain2. Playground equipment1. Your mouth
FYI: 25 top dirtiest things we touch…
Virus & BacteriaAgenda:• Activity: Finish Good and Bad
Bacteria Comic Strip• Make up/Correction Day
• GRADEBOOK CLOSES 5/19/2015!!
Homework:Microbe Magic due Monday 5/4/2015
Friday 5/1/2015
Virus & BacteriaAgenda:• Notes: Antibiotics and Resistant
Bacteria• Activity: Unknown World
• GRADEBOOK CLOSES 5/19/2015!!
Homework:No Homework Tonight
Monday 5/4/2015
Antibiotics• Bacteria replicate through binary fissionHow do antibiotics work???
Antibiotics: Chemicals that interfere with the replication process of bacteria
REMEMBER:Vaccines kill viruses
Antibiotics kill bacteria
Development of AntibioticsIn 1928, British bacteriologist Alexander Fleming
noticed bacteria did NOT grow around a fungus found on a petri dishes, the fungus was from the genus Penicillium.
CONCLUSION: The fungus growing in the petri dish secreted a substance killing the bacteria.Alexander Fleming later isolated the substance and named it Penicillin.
TODAY: Penicillin is effective in treating bacterial diseases such as pneumonia.
How do doctors knowwhich antibiotic to use for
a bacterial infection?
Using antibiotics• Antibiotics are made to interfere with a cellular processes,
viruses have NO cellular process.• Antibiotics are NOT effective against viruses.• Antibiotics can be found in nature or chemically imitated. Examples:Garlic, echinacea, Pau D’Arco or Manuka Honey
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria• Over the years, some bacteria has evolved to become
resistant to antibiotics, allowing it to survive, reproduce & pass on their resistant traits.
Antibiotic resistance is a type of mutation; an error in bacterial DNABacteria will multiply VERY rapidly. A bacterial infection can double its population in as little as 20 minutes.
An antibiotic resistant mutation is an advantage, allowing it to quickly spread its population.
Virus & BacteriaAgenda:• Activity: Public Service
Announcement• Due at the end of the hour for 30
Points on your stamp sheet
• GRADEBOOK CLOSES 5/19/2015!!
Homework:No Homework Tonight
Tuesday 5/5/2015
Public Service Announcement• Public service announcement is used to make the public
(people) aware of an issue, outbreak, etc. • Each student will select a bacterial disease to create a
public service announcement poster.
Pg. 447
Disease Pathogen Vector/Reservoir EpidemiologyAnthrax Bacillus anthracis Animals, including Bacterial infection that can be transmitted through processed skins contact or ingested. Rare except in sporadic outbreaks. May be fatal.
Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis Humans, STD Urogenital infections with possible spread to eyes and respiratory tract. Occurs worldwide; increasingly common over past 20 years.
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Human feces, plankton Causes severe diarrhea that can lead to death by dehydration; 50% peak mortality if the disease goes untreated. A major killer in times of crowding and poor sanitation; over 100,000 died in Rwanda in 1994 during a cholera outbreak.
Lyme disease Borrelia bergdorferi Ticks, deer, small rodents Spread through bite of infected tick. Lesion followed by malaise, fever, fatigue, pain, stiff neck, and headache.
Typhus Rickettsia typhi Lice, rat fleas, humans Historically a major killer in times of crowding and poor sanitation; transmitted from human to human through the bite of infected lice and fleas. Typhus has a peak untreated mortality rate of 70%.
Bacterial Disease List
Growing Bacteria Lab
Bio warfare• The deliberate exposure of people to biological toxins or
pathogens such as bacteria or viruses. • These bioweapons are a concern for any gov’t. • Biologists are working on new approaches to recognize
the onset of an attack with a bioweapon, to treat infected people and to slow the spread on any outbreak.
History of Biowarfare• 1340
Attackers hurled dead horses and other animals by catapult at the castle of Thun L'Eveque in Hainault, in what is now northern France. The defenders reported that "the stink and the air were so abominable...they could not long endure" and negotiated a truce.
• 1422At Karlstein in Bohemia, attacking forces launched the decaying cadavers of men killed in battle over the castle walls. They also stockpiled animal manure in the hope of spreading illness. Yet the defense held fast, and the siege was abandoned after five months.
