Aims:Critically explore what these

concepts mean.Objectives:

Explore the best ways of responding to E.D.I

Visible: Race, Gender and Physical attributes

Hidden: Sexual orientation (LGBTs), Ethnicity, Disabilities, Religion, Learning, Class, etc

•Should be part of the caring programme because it is important part of our humanity.

•Necessary as part of holistic approach to our fellow human of diverse background in suffering, health crisis and need.

•Important when assessing and planning care management

•Some policy and good practice drivers:

•NHS Plan (2000)•NSF for the Elderly (2001)•Benchmark Statement (QAAHE, 2001)•Equality Act 2010•Religion or Belief (DoH 2009)•NMC 2008

•Current Research in the School:•Diversity Mapping Project: Nottingham University Nursing Currucula•Diversity Web CT Resources being developed•Diversity issues remain inspirational•Progress is impeded by several factors•Equality means inequality for others•Should minority rights be maintained at the expense of the majority in a democratic culture

•Diversity is addressed from the Social Model and Emancipatory (including Feminists) Perceptives.

•All diversity issues should be addressed, but two aspects will be explored: Ethnic Diversity and Spirituality

Transcultural PerspectiveFormal areas of study and practice in the

cultural beliefs, values and life ways of diverse cultures and in the use of knowledge

to provide culture-specific or culture-universal care to individuals, families and

groups of particular cultures” (Leininger 1997)

Progress is slow in the UK (Possible Reasons):

Lack of knowledge and competenceRacism/Eurocentric approach

Inconsistencies in Government’s Policies (Racialised Immigration Policies)

Media/Political Onslaught on Immigration/Asylum seekers (Facts Vs Myths

– Public Fear over Identity/Boundaries(Narayanasamy & White 2005;

Narayanasamy 2006)

When I am asked if I am a “Real Gypsy” my answer is this: I am flesh

and blood, I feel pain, I feel joy, I love, I hate, cut me I bleed. I am a real human being living in today’s world who happens to be a Gypsy.

Not some stereotype that fits misinformed people’s ideas of what

a Gypsy should be”

(Darlympus & Burke 1996)

The ‘5 Cs’:Caring

CompassionConnection

CommunicationCommitment

Values diversity and differencesConsiders Sensitivity

Offers cultural awarenessConsiders Fairness, Respect and

UnderstandingInclusive, citizenship and entitlement

Enables and empowersCreates opportunities and Access

Soft on RacismEtic perspectives (American import)

Based on imperialismOver simplistic

Rhetorical and hallowFalse consciousness

Moralistic

Sets agenda for Culturally sensitive care

Post modernism supports approach to diversity and differences

Further development required (see Papadapoulos & Lee 2002; Gerrish

et al 1996, McGhee 1993; Narayanasamy & White 2004).

ACCESS MODELA

C

C

E

S

S

ssessment

ommunication

ultural Negotiation & Compromise

stablishing Respect & Rapport

ensitivity

afety

• Leininger, M. (1997) Transcultural Nursing Research to Transform Nursing Education and practice: 40 years, Journal of Nursing Scholarship. Vol 29 (4). Pp 341-348.

• Narayanasamy, A. & White, E. (2005) A review of Transcultural Nursing. Nurse Education Today. Vol 25 (2) pp 102-111