Upload
abel-evans
View
214
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
Chapter 3The Environmental and Occupational Basis of
Stress
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-2
Overview
This chapter Provides an overview of the
environmental and occupational sources of stress
Describes several different kinds of environmental and occupational stress and ways to address and cope with them
Explains these sources of stress using a transactional model
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-3
OutlineOur personal environmentErgonomicsWork-related stressThe NIOSH Model of Job StressA transactional model for
explaining occupational and environmental stress
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-4
Our Personal Environmental
_______ environmental factors (demands or stimuli) that can exert strain on us
__________and ________ factors are potential stressors until we appraise them as threatening or harmful
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-5
Lighting Strain
Four major sources of potential lighting stressInappropriate luminanceReflected lightGlareHigh-contrast lighting
conditions
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-6
Climate
Both hot and cold temperatures can cause strainSedentary work best performed at
70-75 degrees FahrenheitLight physical labor best
performed at 66-72 degrees Fahrenheit
Manual labor best performed at temperatures in the low to mid 60s Fahrenheit
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-7
Air Quality Both outdoor and indoor air
pollution cause strain on lungs and health
Major sources of indoor air pollution Particulates from combustion-based sources Tobacco particulate matter (secondhand
smoke) Construction materials Pesticides Naturally occurring radioactive particles
(radon gas) Build-up of particles associated with
poor ventilation
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-8
Outdoor Air Quality Major sources of outdoor air
pollution Ozone Nitrous oxide Sulfur dioxide Lead Volatile organic compounds Particulate matter Mercury
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-9
Graffiti: Art or Eye Pollution?
Creates visual blight for many Strains the aesthetic sensibilities of
some area residents Some cities support local graffiti
contests
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-10
Noise Pollution
Noise:
Noise is usually defined on the basis of safe decibel levels or community standards
The term “_________ noisiness” acknowledges subjective nature of noise
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-11
Health Effects of Noise
________ loss_______ lossEmotional and mental disorders
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-12
Major Sources of Noise
Machinery, manufacturing Construction, public worksRoads, traffic
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-13
Ergonomics (Human Engineering)
The study of the physical and mental characteristics of people and the tasks they perform for the purpose of designing appropriate living and working environments
Goals are to make activities ____ and enhance people’s well-being, both at ______ and at ______
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-14
Ergonomics in Action: Computer Workstations
Guidelines for design of computer workplaces at home or work
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-15
Work-Related Stress
Job conditions that make work stressful
Interpersonal dynamics that contribute to worker stress
Both have been studied around the world in various countries and economies
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-16
Measuring Occupational Stress
The ________ model of occupational stress combines in a transactional model:Stressful job conditions Individual factorsSituational factors
Very similar to Lazarus and Folkman’s Stress Appraisal Model
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-17
Stressful Job Conditions
The design of tasks Critical decision-making responsibility Excessive complexity and/or difficulty Repetitiveness Simplicity Boredom Lack of personal safety Excessive time urgency
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-18
Other Potential Stressors at Work
Time demandsManagement style Interpersonal relationshipsDiscrimination/unequal
treatmentSexual harassment
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-19
Sexual Harassment Unwelcome sexual advances Requests for sexual favors Verbal or physical contact of a sexual
nature When . . .
Submission made a condition of employment or advancement or basis for decisions about individual
Behavior creates a hostile environment
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-20
Other Stressful Job Conditions
Work role conflicts or ambiguities Career concerns (job insecurity,
lack of advancement opportunity) Physical environmental conditions Individual factors (personality
factors, styles) Situational factors (other factors in
worker’s life such as stress spillover between home and work)
Akira Kaede/Getty Images
3-21
A Transactional Model
The transaction between the individual and the general or work environment is perceived as stressful to the extent that the individual perceives it as threatening, harmful, or beyond his or her ability to cope with it.