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Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera IMDEA Networks / University Carlos III of Madrid [email protected]

Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

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Page 1: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ValeraIMDEA Networks / University Carlos III of [email protected]

Page 2: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

Peer-to-peer Technologies… what is P2P (very brief)?

… why P2P?

… what content?

… how?

Next Generation Networks… IMS & NGN?

… what is NGN/IMS?

… why IMS?

… how?

2

P2P

Does it make sense combining P2P and NGN (IMS) technologies?

How can we do this?

IMS NGN

IPTV

Page 3: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

P2P traffic was 60% and risingISPs identified P2P as a major challenge in network design

It affects the QoS for all users

Mostly, file-sharing: BitTorrent, eDonkey, Kad, Gnutella

4

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

HTTP

P2P

Other

FTP

Email

Source: Cache Logic “P2P in 2005”

Page 4: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

Lately… the HTTP traffic is gaining the share back… in terms of percentage of total traffic (not absolute value)

5

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1993199419951996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042007

HTTP

P2P

Other

FTP

Email

Source: Magid Media Futures survey

Page 5: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

More than a third of the HTTP traffic is video streamingYouTube is the most popular; counts for around 20%That’s about 10% of all Internet traffic

6

45%

5%14%

36%

Web Audio Other Video

45%

5%14%

20%

16%

Web Audio Other YouTube Other Video

Source: Magid Media Futures survey

The (near) future…Internet video, the new broadband “killer” application?More “***Tube” service providers?User generated content and commercial content

Page 6: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

A platform for IP multimedia servicesInitially designed by 3GPP as an evolution of GSM/UMTS

Currently extended to many more access networks

Core of a Next Generation Network (TISPAN)

7

Access Networks

Core Network

Transport Control Functions

IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem

Service Providers

Service Layer

Transport Layer

Other Networks

IMS Gateways

Legacy terminals

3GPPterminals

IMS terminalsTelco

Page 7: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

Media streaming is extremely expensiveVideo streaming applications target a lot of receivers

Streaming servers need a lot of bandwidth and computing power

They may not be able to serve everybody

Existing solutions in the Internet

8

Solution Pros Cons

Client/Server Simple Not scalable

CDN Server not overloaded Complex and costly

IP Multicast Good network utilization Lack of deployment

P2P Availability and cost Utilization, reliability

Page 8: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

P2P looks fine… but:Peers may have an unpredictable behavior

Resources (bandwidth, delay) may not be adequate

We need uplink resources as well

9

Fan-out: 3

Fan-out: 2Fan-out: 2

However, in NGN/IMS:Some peers may be considered stable (e.g. RGW, STB)

Resources are known and reserved

Once reserved, they are guaranteed

Page 9: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

TreesMimic multicast

Each peer selects a parent peer

The content/stream can be divided and sent across several trees

MeshesA peer obtains pieces from any available peer

There is not a strict relationship: child-parent

Instead peers can collaborate in sharing pieces

10

Page 10: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

Packet replication is done by the peers… meaning the same packets traverse same links several times

… but peer uplink bandwidth is (very) limited

… logical neighbors may be many hops away

… peers (i.e. nodes) come and leave as they wish

Multicast overlay topology: treeThe root can be the media server or a client peer

11

Media Server

Level 1Level 1Level 1

Level 2Level 1

Level 2Level 3

Level 4

Level 4

Level 2

Level 2

Level 3

Root

Interior node

Leaf

Page 11: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

P2P media vs. P2P signalingUntil now we discussed P2P in media plane

What is P2P signaling?Discovery of other peers using a P2P protocol

For trees: a structured protocol (DHT) to find a parent

For meshes: an unstructured protocol to find other peers

With P2P signalingThe functionality is distributed

No need of a central entity

12

Page 12: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

Video content may be the new killer app, but…… other services can benefit from P2P too (conferencing, software distribution)

… even video may have different requirements (IPTV ≠ VoD)

Nozzilla Content Distribution Service Provider

Intermediary between the IPTV Service Provider and IMS + transport layer

Makes the content distribution transparent for the IPTV provider

Hides the specifics of the media content to the IMS/transport

13

The Nozzilla service is intended as an adaptation layer between the multimedia content and the mechanism (P2P or otherwise)

used for content distribution

Page 13: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

A distributed IPTV streaming system in an NGNIs a feature offered by the transport provider to the service provider

Can use the spare capacity in the transport network

Spares the service provider of equipment and bandwidth costs

The transport provider will charge the service provider

Problem analysisP2P network made of NGN residential gateways (RGW)

Expected low churn rate (a higher stability than in usual P2P networks)

Traffic quality of service is guaranteed (flow QoS reservation)

RGW can utilize “spare capacity”: capacity that physically exists on the subscriber line, but is not paid for by the customer

P2P traffic is allowed by default in the TP network

TV streaming traffic is reserved with IMS (using SIP signaling)

14

Page 14: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009 15

Transport ProviderP2P streaming enabled

network User-Network Interface

Set-topboxes

Users

Trust Relationship Pays for the services

retaining a %

Pay for data transport and third-party services

Third Party IPTV Service Providers

IMSNozzilla Service

Provider

Service Packager

Telco

Trust Relationship

Page 15: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009 16

IPTV Provider

RGW 1

Nozzilla

Sharing service info

Nozzilla Provider

Access and service info

IPTV

ConnectService access

OK (Overlay info)

P2P

Streaming info

Server-client IPTV streaming

Establish IPTV session

OK (session info)

Page 16: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009 17

IPTV Provider

RGW 1

Nozzilla

Nozzilla Provider

RGW 2

IPTV Nozzilla IPTV

Server-client IPTV streaming

Access and service info

ConnectService access

OK (Overlay info)

P2P

Streaming info

Establish IPTV session

OK (session info)

P2P IPTV streaming

Page 17: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

Initial research: P2P in signaling and mediaNozzilla is similar to SplitStream:

P2P protocol used to create multicast trees for video streaming

Based on Scribe/Pastry

Uses multiple stripe delivery (more robust, supports multiple description coding)

However:Takes into account the uplink resources at any time

Peers with resources are always considered interior nodes

Children can easily identify these peers

Peers re-compute resources whenever something changes18

Page 18: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

For the purposes of this presentationWe have three stripes with a different priority

Use a slice in the hash space to contain nodes that can be interior nodes for each stripe

Use an extra slice to contain nodes that cannot be interior nodes

A peer computes its resources and can become a node in each slice

19

Example: 3 stripes

High priority (HP) Medium priority (MP) Low priority (LP)

Page 19: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

Number of hops needed to join the tree

20

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

100 1000 10000

Nu

mb

er o

f H

op

s

Number of Peers

Res=1

Res=3

Res=5

Res=7

Decreases with increasing the resourcesThe improvement is significant when resources are low

Page 20: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009 21

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

100 1000 10000

Ro

ot

Ch

ildre

n (

%)

Number of Peers

Res=1

Res=3

Res=5

Res=7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

100 1000 10000T

ree

Dep

th

Number of Peers

Res=1

Res=3

Res=5

Res=7

Let’s see if we use P2P or client/server

Probably we don’t want each peer to have 50% resourcesOtherwise, the root load is lower even for 10000 peersTree depth is reasonable, but increases with the resources

Page 21: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

CharacteristicsP2P protocol to create multicast trees for video streaming

Multi-path video delivery (multiple stripes)

Takes into account uplink resources

Changes the geometry of the multicast tree to decrease the root load (enables hybrid topologies)

BehaviorLow joining effort

Low root load for reasonable resources

Lengthier video path, may impact reliability

22

Page 22: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009

P2P content distribution in IMS = P2P in a managed networkDoes it make sense?

Bulk of the Internet traffic: P2P and video

Telcos don’t make money from selling bandwidth

IMS/NG is the right platform for telcos

P2P in the transport layer could be a cost-effective approach

TISPAN began working in this direction (first draft Nov ‘08)

February 3, 2009

23

Page 23: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009 25

Page 24: Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco ...alex.bikfalvi.com/papers/pub/icns2009-slides.pdf · Alex Bikfalvi, Jaime García-Reinoso, Iván Vidal, Francisco Valera

IARIA 5th International Conference on Networking and Services , April 24, 2009 26