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Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated visual cues to assist in vocabulary development. The cards should be used as an instructional tool for teachers and then as a reference for all students. The cards are designed for print use only. Table of Contents Expressions and Operations Real Numbers Absolute Value Order of Operations Expression Variable Coefficient Term Scientific Notation Exponential Form Negative Exponent Zero Exponent Product of Powers Property Power of a Power Property Power of a Product Property Quotient of Powers Property Power of a Quotient Property Polynomial Degree of Polynomial Leading Coefficient Add Polynomials (group like terms) Add Polynomials (align like terms) Subtract Polynomials (group like terms) Subtract Polynomials (align like terms) Multiply Binomials Multiply Polynomials Multiply Binomials (model) Multiply Binomials (graphic organizer) Multiply Binomials (squaring a binomial) Multiply Binomials (sum and difference) Factors of a Monomial Factoring (greatest common factor) Factoring (by grouping) Factoring (perfect square trinomials) Virginia Department of Education 2018Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary

Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

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Page 1: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards

Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated visual cues to assist in vocabulary development The cards should be used as an instructional tool for teachers

and then as a reference for all students The cards are designed for print use only

Table of Contents

Expressions and OperationsReal NumbersAbsolute ValueOrder of OperationsExpressionVariableCoefficientTermScientific NotationExponential FormNegative ExponentZero ExponentProduct of Powers PropertyPower of a Power PropertyPower of a Product PropertyQuotient of Powers PropertyPower of a Quotient PropertyPolynomialDegree of PolynomialLeading CoefficientAdd Polynomials (group like terms)Add Polynomials (align like terms)Subtract Polynomials (group like terms)Subtract Polynomials (align like terms)Multiply BinomialsMultiply PolynomialsMultiply Binomials (model)Multiply Binomials (graphic organizer)Multiply Binomials (squaring a binomial)

Multiply Binomials (sum and difference)Factors of a MonomialFactoring (greatest common factor)Factoring (by grouping)Factoring (perfect square trinomials)Factoring (difference of squares)Difference of Squares (model)Divide Polynomials (monomial divisor)Divide Polynomials (binomial divisor)Square RootCube RootSimplify Numerical Expressions

Containing Square or Cube RootsAdd and Subtract Monomial Radical

ExpressionsProduct Property of RadicalsQuotient Property of Radicals

Equations and InequalitiesZero Product PropertySolutions or RootsZerosx-InterceptsCoordinate PlaneLiteral EquationVertical LineHorizontal LineQuadratic Equation (solve by factoring)Quadratic Equation (solve by graphing)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary

Quadratic Equation (number of real solutions)

InequalityGraph of an InequalityTransitive Property for InequalityAdditionSubtraction Property of

InequalityMultiplication Property of InequalityDivision Property of InequalityLinear Equation (standard form)Linear Equation (slope intercept form)Linear Equation (point-slope form)Equivalent Forms of a Linear EquationSlopeSlope FormulaSlopes of LinesPerpendicular LinesParallel LinesMathematical NotationSystem of Linear Equations (graphing)System of Linear Equations

(substitution)System of Linear Equations (elimination)System of Linear Equations (number of

solutions)Graphing Linear InequalitiesSystem of Linear InequalitiesDependent and Independent VariableDependent and Independent Variable

(application)Graph of a Quadratic EquationVertex of a Quadratic FunctionQuadratic Formula

FunctionsRelations (definition and examples)Function (definition)Functions (examples)DomainRangeFunction NotationParent Functions - Linear QuadraticTransformations of Parent Functions

Translation Reflection Dilation

Linear Functions (transformational graphing)

Translation Dilation (mgt0) Dilationreflection (mlt0)

Quadratic Function (transformational graphing)

Vertical translation Dilation (agt0) Dilationreflection (alt0) Horizontal translation

Multiple Representations of Functions

StatisticsDirect VariationInverse VariationScatterplotPositive Linear RelationshipNegative Linear RelationshipNo Linear RelationshipCurve of Best Fit (linear)Curve of Best Fit (quadratic)Outlier Data (graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary

Real NumbersThe set of all rational and irrational

numbers

Natural Numbers 1 2 3 4 hellip

Whole Numbers 0 1 2 3 4 hellip

Integers hellip -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 hellip

Rational Numbers

the set of all numbers that can be written as the ratio of two integers

with a non-zero denominator (eg 23

5 -5 03 radic16 137 )

Irrational Numbersthe set of all nonrepeating nonterminating decimals

(eg radic7 π -23223222322223hellip)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 1

Absolute Value

|5| = 5 |-5| = 5

The distance between a numberand zero

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 2

5 units 5 units

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Order of Operations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 3

Grouping Symbols

Exponents an

MultiplicationDivision

Left to Right

AdditionSubtraction

Left to Right

( ) radic

|| [ ]

ExpressionA representation of a quantity that may contain numbers variables or

operation symbolsx

-radic26

34 + 2m

ax2 + bx + c

3(y + 39)2 ndash 89

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 4

Variable

2(y + radic3)

9 + x = 208

d = 7c - 5

A = r 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 5

Coefficient

(-4) + 2x

-7y radic5

23 ab ndash 1

2

πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 6

Term3x + 2y ndash 8

3 terms

-5x2 ndash x

2 terms

23ab

1 term

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 7

Scientific Notationa x 10n

1 le |a | lt 10 and n is an integer

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 8

ExamplesStandard Notation Scientific Notation

17500000 175 x 107

-84623 -84623 x 104

00000026 26 x 10-6

-0080029 -80029 x 10-2

(43 x 105) (2 x 10-2) (43 x 2) (105 x 10-2) =86 x 105+(-2) = 86 x 103

66times106

2times103

662times 106

103 =33times106minus3=33times103

Exponential Form

an = a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ hellip a0

Examples

2 2 2 = 2∙ ∙ 3 = 8

n ∙ n ∙ n ∙ n = n4 3 3 3 x x = 3∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 3x2 =

27x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 9

basen factors

exponent

Negative Exponent

a-n = 1an a 0

Examples

4-2 = 142 = 1

16

x4

y-2 = x4

1y2 = x4

1∙ y

2

1 = x4 y2

(2 ndash a)-2 = 1(2 ndash a )2 ane2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 10

Zero Exponenta0 = 1 a 0

Examples

(-5)0 = 1

(3x + 2)0 = 1

(x2y-5z8)0 = 1

4m0 = 4 1 = 4∙

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 11

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 2: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Quadratic Equation (number of real solutions)

InequalityGraph of an InequalityTransitive Property for InequalityAdditionSubtraction Property of

InequalityMultiplication Property of InequalityDivision Property of InequalityLinear Equation (standard form)Linear Equation (slope intercept form)Linear Equation (point-slope form)Equivalent Forms of a Linear EquationSlopeSlope FormulaSlopes of LinesPerpendicular LinesParallel LinesMathematical NotationSystem of Linear Equations (graphing)System of Linear Equations

(substitution)System of Linear Equations (elimination)System of Linear Equations (number of

solutions)Graphing Linear InequalitiesSystem of Linear InequalitiesDependent and Independent VariableDependent and Independent Variable

(application)Graph of a Quadratic EquationVertex of a Quadratic FunctionQuadratic Formula

FunctionsRelations (definition and examples)Function (definition)Functions (examples)DomainRangeFunction NotationParent Functions - Linear QuadraticTransformations of Parent Functions

Translation Reflection Dilation

Linear Functions (transformational graphing)

Translation Dilation (mgt0) Dilationreflection (mlt0)

Quadratic Function (transformational graphing)

Vertical translation Dilation (agt0) Dilationreflection (alt0) Horizontal translation

Multiple Representations of Functions

StatisticsDirect VariationInverse VariationScatterplotPositive Linear RelationshipNegative Linear RelationshipNo Linear RelationshipCurve of Best Fit (linear)Curve of Best Fit (quadratic)Outlier Data (graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary

Real NumbersThe set of all rational and irrational

numbers

Natural Numbers 1 2 3 4 hellip

Whole Numbers 0 1 2 3 4 hellip

Integers hellip -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 hellip

Rational Numbers

the set of all numbers that can be written as the ratio of two integers

with a non-zero denominator (eg 23

5 -5 03 radic16 137 )

Irrational Numbersthe set of all nonrepeating nonterminating decimals

(eg radic7 π -23223222322223hellip)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 1

Absolute Value

|5| = 5 |-5| = 5

The distance between a numberand zero

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 2

5 units 5 units

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Order of Operations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 3

Grouping Symbols

Exponents an

MultiplicationDivision

Left to Right

AdditionSubtraction

Left to Right

( ) radic

|| [ ]

ExpressionA representation of a quantity that may contain numbers variables or

operation symbolsx

-radic26

34 + 2m

ax2 + bx + c

3(y + 39)2 ndash 89

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 4

Variable

2(y + radic3)

9 + x = 208

d = 7c - 5

A = r 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 5

Coefficient

(-4) + 2x

-7y radic5

23 ab ndash 1

2

πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 6

Term3x + 2y ndash 8

3 terms

-5x2 ndash x

2 terms

23ab

1 term

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 7

Scientific Notationa x 10n

1 le |a | lt 10 and n is an integer

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 8

ExamplesStandard Notation Scientific Notation

17500000 175 x 107

-84623 -84623 x 104

00000026 26 x 10-6

-0080029 -80029 x 10-2

(43 x 105) (2 x 10-2) (43 x 2) (105 x 10-2) =86 x 105+(-2) = 86 x 103

66times106

2times103

662times 106

103 =33times106minus3=33times103

Exponential Form

an = a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ hellip a0

Examples

2 2 2 = 2∙ ∙ 3 = 8

n ∙ n ∙ n ∙ n = n4 3 3 3 x x = 3∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 3x2 =

27x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 9

basen factors

exponent

Negative Exponent

a-n = 1an a 0

Examples

4-2 = 142 = 1

16

x4

y-2 = x4

1y2 = x4

1∙ y

2

1 = x4 y2

(2 ndash a)-2 = 1(2 ndash a )2 ane2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 10

Zero Exponenta0 = 1 a 0

Examples

(-5)0 = 1

(3x + 2)0 = 1

(x2y-5z8)0 = 1

4m0 = 4 1 = 4∙

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 11

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 3: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Real NumbersThe set of all rational and irrational

numbers

Natural Numbers 1 2 3 4 hellip

Whole Numbers 0 1 2 3 4 hellip

Integers hellip -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 hellip

Rational Numbers

the set of all numbers that can be written as the ratio of two integers

with a non-zero denominator (eg 23

5 -5 03 radic16 137 )

Irrational Numbersthe set of all nonrepeating nonterminating decimals

(eg radic7 π -23223222322223hellip)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 1

Absolute Value

|5| = 5 |-5| = 5

The distance between a numberand zero

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 2

5 units 5 units

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Order of Operations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 3

Grouping Symbols

Exponents an

MultiplicationDivision

Left to Right

AdditionSubtraction

Left to Right

( ) radic

|| [ ]

ExpressionA representation of a quantity that may contain numbers variables or

operation symbolsx

-radic26

34 + 2m

ax2 + bx + c

3(y + 39)2 ndash 89

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 4

Variable

2(y + radic3)

9 + x = 208

d = 7c - 5

A = r 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 5

Coefficient

(-4) + 2x

-7y radic5

23 ab ndash 1

2

πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 6

Term3x + 2y ndash 8

3 terms

-5x2 ndash x

2 terms

23ab

1 term

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 7

Scientific Notationa x 10n

1 le |a | lt 10 and n is an integer

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 8

ExamplesStandard Notation Scientific Notation

17500000 175 x 107

-84623 -84623 x 104

00000026 26 x 10-6

-0080029 -80029 x 10-2

(43 x 105) (2 x 10-2) (43 x 2) (105 x 10-2) =86 x 105+(-2) = 86 x 103

66times106

2times103

662times 106

103 =33times106minus3=33times103

Exponential Form

an = a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ hellip a0

Examples

2 2 2 = 2∙ ∙ 3 = 8

n ∙ n ∙ n ∙ n = n4 3 3 3 x x = 3∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 3x2 =

27x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 9

basen factors

exponent

Negative Exponent

a-n = 1an a 0

Examples

4-2 = 142 = 1

16

x4

y-2 = x4

1y2 = x4

1∙ y

2

1 = x4 y2

(2 ndash a)-2 = 1(2 ndash a )2 ane2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 10

Zero Exponenta0 = 1 a 0

Examples

(-5)0 = 1

(3x + 2)0 = 1

(x2y-5z8)0 = 1

4m0 = 4 1 = 4∙

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 11

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 4: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Absolute Value

|5| = 5 |-5| = 5

The distance between a numberand zero

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 2

5 units 5 units

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Order of Operations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 3

Grouping Symbols

Exponents an

MultiplicationDivision

Left to Right

AdditionSubtraction

Left to Right

( ) radic

|| [ ]

ExpressionA representation of a quantity that may contain numbers variables or

operation symbolsx

-radic26

34 + 2m

ax2 + bx + c

3(y + 39)2 ndash 89

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 4

Variable

2(y + radic3)

9 + x = 208

d = 7c - 5

A = r 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 5

Coefficient

(-4) + 2x

-7y radic5

23 ab ndash 1

2

πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 6

Term3x + 2y ndash 8

3 terms

-5x2 ndash x

2 terms

23ab

1 term

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 7

Scientific Notationa x 10n

1 le |a | lt 10 and n is an integer

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 8

ExamplesStandard Notation Scientific Notation

17500000 175 x 107

-84623 -84623 x 104

00000026 26 x 10-6

-0080029 -80029 x 10-2

(43 x 105) (2 x 10-2) (43 x 2) (105 x 10-2) =86 x 105+(-2) = 86 x 103

66times106

2times103

662times 106

103 =33times106minus3=33times103

Exponential Form

an = a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ hellip a0

Examples

2 2 2 = 2∙ ∙ 3 = 8

n ∙ n ∙ n ∙ n = n4 3 3 3 x x = 3∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 3x2 =

27x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 9

basen factors

exponent

Negative Exponent

a-n = 1an a 0

Examples

4-2 = 142 = 1

16

x4

y-2 = x4

1y2 = x4

1∙ y

2

1 = x4 y2

(2 ndash a)-2 = 1(2 ndash a )2 ane2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 10

Zero Exponenta0 = 1 a 0

Examples

(-5)0 = 1

(3x + 2)0 = 1

(x2y-5z8)0 = 1

4m0 = 4 1 = 4∙

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 11

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 5: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Order of Operations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 3

Grouping Symbols

Exponents an

MultiplicationDivision

Left to Right

AdditionSubtraction

Left to Right

( ) radic

|| [ ]

ExpressionA representation of a quantity that may contain numbers variables or

operation symbolsx

-radic26

34 + 2m

ax2 + bx + c

3(y + 39)2 ndash 89

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 4

Variable

2(y + radic3)

9 + x = 208

d = 7c - 5

A = r 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 5

Coefficient

(-4) + 2x

-7y radic5

23 ab ndash 1

2

πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 6

Term3x + 2y ndash 8

3 terms

-5x2 ndash x

2 terms

23ab

1 term

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 7

Scientific Notationa x 10n

1 le |a | lt 10 and n is an integer

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 8

ExamplesStandard Notation Scientific Notation

17500000 175 x 107

-84623 -84623 x 104

00000026 26 x 10-6

-0080029 -80029 x 10-2

(43 x 105) (2 x 10-2) (43 x 2) (105 x 10-2) =86 x 105+(-2) = 86 x 103

66times106

2times103

662times 106

103 =33times106minus3=33times103

Exponential Form

an = a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ hellip a0

Examples

2 2 2 = 2∙ ∙ 3 = 8

n ∙ n ∙ n ∙ n = n4 3 3 3 x x = 3∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 3x2 =

27x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 9

basen factors

exponent

Negative Exponent

a-n = 1an a 0

Examples

4-2 = 142 = 1

16

x4

y-2 = x4

1y2 = x4

1∙ y

2

1 = x4 y2

(2 ndash a)-2 = 1(2 ndash a )2 ane2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 10

Zero Exponenta0 = 1 a 0

Examples

(-5)0 = 1

(3x + 2)0 = 1

(x2y-5z8)0 = 1

4m0 = 4 1 = 4∙

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 11

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 6: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

ExpressionA representation of a quantity that may contain numbers variables or

operation symbolsx

-radic26

34 + 2m

ax2 + bx + c

3(y + 39)2 ndash 89

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 4

Variable

2(y + radic3)

9 + x = 208

d = 7c - 5

A = r 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 5

Coefficient

(-4) + 2x

-7y radic5

23 ab ndash 1

2

πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 6

Term3x + 2y ndash 8

3 terms

-5x2 ndash x

2 terms

23ab

1 term

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 7

Scientific Notationa x 10n

1 le |a | lt 10 and n is an integer

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 8

ExamplesStandard Notation Scientific Notation

17500000 175 x 107

-84623 -84623 x 104

00000026 26 x 10-6

-0080029 -80029 x 10-2

(43 x 105) (2 x 10-2) (43 x 2) (105 x 10-2) =86 x 105+(-2) = 86 x 103

66times106

2times103

662times 106

103 =33times106minus3=33times103

Exponential Form

an = a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ hellip a0

Examples

2 2 2 = 2∙ ∙ 3 = 8

n ∙ n ∙ n ∙ n = n4 3 3 3 x x = 3∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 3x2 =

27x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 9

basen factors

exponent

Negative Exponent

a-n = 1an a 0

Examples

4-2 = 142 = 1

16

x4

y-2 = x4

1y2 = x4

1∙ y

2

1 = x4 y2

(2 ndash a)-2 = 1(2 ndash a )2 ane2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 10

Zero Exponenta0 = 1 a 0

Examples

(-5)0 = 1

(3x + 2)0 = 1

(x2y-5z8)0 = 1

4m0 = 4 1 = 4∙

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 11

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 7: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Variable

2(y + radic3)

9 + x = 208

d = 7c - 5

A = r 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 5

Coefficient

(-4) + 2x

-7y radic5

23 ab ndash 1

2

πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 6

Term3x + 2y ndash 8

3 terms

-5x2 ndash x

2 terms

23ab

1 term

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 7

Scientific Notationa x 10n

1 le |a | lt 10 and n is an integer

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 8

ExamplesStandard Notation Scientific Notation

17500000 175 x 107

-84623 -84623 x 104

00000026 26 x 10-6

-0080029 -80029 x 10-2

(43 x 105) (2 x 10-2) (43 x 2) (105 x 10-2) =86 x 105+(-2) = 86 x 103

66times106

2times103

662times 106

103 =33times106minus3=33times103

Exponential Form

an = a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ hellip a0

Examples

2 2 2 = 2∙ ∙ 3 = 8

n ∙ n ∙ n ∙ n = n4 3 3 3 x x = 3∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 3x2 =

27x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 9

basen factors

exponent

Negative Exponent

a-n = 1an a 0

Examples

4-2 = 142 = 1

16

x4

y-2 = x4

1y2 = x4

1∙ y

2

1 = x4 y2

(2 ndash a)-2 = 1(2 ndash a )2 ane2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 10

Zero Exponenta0 = 1 a 0

Examples

(-5)0 = 1

(3x + 2)0 = 1

(x2y-5z8)0 = 1

4m0 = 4 1 = 4∙

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 11

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 8: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Coefficient

(-4) + 2x

-7y radic5

23 ab ndash 1

2

πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 6

Term3x + 2y ndash 8

3 terms

-5x2 ndash x

2 terms

23ab

1 term

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 7

Scientific Notationa x 10n

1 le |a | lt 10 and n is an integer

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 8

ExamplesStandard Notation Scientific Notation

17500000 175 x 107

-84623 -84623 x 104

00000026 26 x 10-6

-0080029 -80029 x 10-2

(43 x 105) (2 x 10-2) (43 x 2) (105 x 10-2) =86 x 105+(-2) = 86 x 103

66times106

2times103

662times 106

103 =33times106minus3=33times103

Exponential Form

an = a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ hellip a0

Examples

2 2 2 = 2∙ ∙ 3 = 8

n ∙ n ∙ n ∙ n = n4 3 3 3 x x = 3∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 3x2 =

27x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 9

basen factors

exponent

Negative Exponent

a-n = 1an a 0

Examples

4-2 = 142 = 1

16

x4

y-2 = x4

1y2 = x4

1∙ y

2

1 = x4 y2

(2 ndash a)-2 = 1(2 ndash a )2 ane2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 10

Zero Exponenta0 = 1 a 0

Examples

(-5)0 = 1

(3x + 2)0 = 1

(x2y-5z8)0 = 1

4m0 = 4 1 = 4∙

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 11

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 9: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Term3x + 2y ndash 8

3 terms

-5x2 ndash x

2 terms

23ab

1 term

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 7

Scientific Notationa x 10n

1 le |a | lt 10 and n is an integer

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 8

ExamplesStandard Notation Scientific Notation

17500000 175 x 107

-84623 -84623 x 104

00000026 26 x 10-6

-0080029 -80029 x 10-2

(43 x 105) (2 x 10-2) (43 x 2) (105 x 10-2) =86 x 105+(-2) = 86 x 103

66times106

2times103

662times 106

103 =33times106minus3=33times103

Exponential Form

an = a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ hellip a0

Examples

2 2 2 = 2∙ ∙ 3 = 8

n ∙ n ∙ n ∙ n = n4 3 3 3 x x = 3∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 3x2 =

27x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 9

basen factors

exponent

Negative Exponent

a-n = 1an a 0

Examples

4-2 = 142 = 1

16

x4

y-2 = x4

1y2 = x4

1∙ y

2

1 = x4 y2

(2 ndash a)-2 = 1(2 ndash a )2 ane2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 10

Zero Exponenta0 = 1 a 0

Examples

(-5)0 = 1

(3x + 2)0 = 1

(x2y-5z8)0 = 1

4m0 = 4 1 = 4∙

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 11

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 10: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Scientific Notationa x 10n

1 le |a | lt 10 and n is an integer

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 8

ExamplesStandard Notation Scientific Notation

17500000 175 x 107

-84623 -84623 x 104

00000026 26 x 10-6

-0080029 -80029 x 10-2

(43 x 105) (2 x 10-2) (43 x 2) (105 x 10-2) =86 x 105+(-2) = 86 x 103

66times106

2times103

662times 106

103 =33times106minus3=33times103

Exponential Form

an = a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ hellip a0

Examples

2 2 2 = 2∙ ∙ 3 = 8

n ∙ n ∙ n ∙ n = n4 3 3 3 x x = 3∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 3x2 =

27x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 9

basen factors

exponent

Negative Exponent

a-n = 1an a 0

Examples

4-2 = 142 = 1

16

x4

y-2 = x4

1y2 = x4

1∙ y

2

1 = x4 y2

(2 ndash a)-2 = 1(2 ndash a )2 ane2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 10

Zero Exponenta0 = 1 a 0

Examples

(-5)0 = 1

(3x + 2)0 = 1

(x2y-5z8)0 = 1

4m0 = 4 1 = 4∙

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 11

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 11: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Exponential Form

an = a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ hellip a0

Examples

2 2 2 = 2∙ ∙ 3 = 8

n ∙ n ∙ n ∙ n = n4 3 3 3 x x = 3∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 3x2 =

27x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 9

basen factors

exponent

Negative Exponent

a-n = 1an a 0

Examples

4-2 = 142 = 1

16

x4

y-2 = x4

1y2 = x4

1∙ y

2

1 = x4 y2

(2 ndash a)-2 = 1(2 ndash a )2 ane2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 10

Zero Exponenta0 = 1 a 0

Examples

(-5)0 = 1

(3x + 2)0 = 1

(x2y-5z8)0 = 1

4m0 = 4 1 = 4∙

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 11

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 12: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Negative Exponent

a-n = 1an a 0

Examples

4-2 = 142 = 1

16

x4

y-2 = x4

1y2 = x4

1∙ y

2

1 = x4 y2

(2 ndash a)-2 = 1(2 ndash a )2 ane2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 10

Zero Exponenta0 = 1 a 0

Examples

(-5)0 = 1

(3x + 2)0 = 1

(x2y-5z8)0 = 1

4m0 = 4 1 = 4∙

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 11

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 13: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Zero Exponenta0 = 1 a 0

Examples

(-5)0 = 1

(3x + 2)0 = 1

(x2y-5z8)0 = 1

4m0 = 4 1 = 4∙

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 11

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 14: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Product of Powers Property

am ∙ an = am + n

Examples

x4 ∙ x2 = x4+2 = x6

a3 ∙ a = a3+1 = a4

w7 ∙ w-4 = w7 + (-4) = w3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 12

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 15: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Power of a Power Property

(am)n = am middot n

Examples

(y4)2 = y4∙2 = y8

(g2)-3 = g2∙(-3) = g-6 = 1g6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 13

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 16: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Power of a Product Property

(ab)m = am bm

Examples

(-3a4b)2 = (-3)2 (∙ a4)2∙b2 = 9a8b2

-1(2 x )3 = -1

23 ∙x3 = -18 x3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 14

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 17: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Quotient of Powers Property

am

an = am ndash n a 0

Examples

x6

x5 = x6 ndash 5 = x1 = xy-3

y-5= y-3 ndash (-5 ) = y2

a4

a4 = a4-4 = a0 = 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 15

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 18: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Power of Quotient Property

(ab )m= am

bm b0

Examples

(y3 )

4= y4

34 = y81

(5t )-3= 5-3

t-3 = 153

1t 3 = 1

53∙t3

1 = t3

53 = t3

125

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 16

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 19: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 17

Example Name Terms7

6x monomial 1 term

3t ndash 112xy3 + 5x4y binomial 2 terms

2x2 + 3x ndash 7 trinomial 3 terms

Nonexample Reason

5mn ndash 8 variable exponent

n-3 + 9 negative exponent

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 20: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Degree of a Polynomial

The largest exponent or the largest sum of exponents of a term within a

polynomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 18

Polynomial Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

-7m3n5 -7m3n5 rarr degree 8 8

2x + 3 2x rarr degree 13 rarr degree 0 1

6a3 + 3a2b3 ndash 216a3 rarr degree 3

3a2b3 rarr degree 5-21 rarr degree 0

5

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 21: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the first term of a polynomial written in descending

order of exponents

Examples

7a3 ndash 2a2 + 8a ndash 1-3n3 + 7n2 ndash 4n + 10

16t ndash 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 19

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 22: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Add Polynomials(Group Like Terms ndash Horizontal Method)

Example

(2g2 + 6g ndash 4) + (g2 ndash g)

= 2g2 + 6g ndash 4 + g2 ndash g

= (2g2 + g2) + (6g ndash g) ndash 4

= 3g2 + 5g ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 20

(Group like terms and add)

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 23: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Add Polynomials(Align Like Terms ndash

Vertical Method)

Example

(2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4) + (g3 ndash g ndash 3)

2g3 + 6g2 ndash 4 + g3 ndash g ndash 3

3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 21

(Align like terms and add)

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 24: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Subtract Polynomials

(Group Like Terms - Horizontal Method)

Example (4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)

(Add the inverse)

= (4x2 + 5) + (2x2 ndash 4x +7)= 4x2 + 5 + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

(Group like terms and add)

= (4x2 + 2x2) ndash 4x + (5 + 7)= 6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 22

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 25: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Subtract Polynomials(Align Like Terms -Vertical Method)

Example

(4x2 + 5) ndash (-2x2 + 4x -7)(Align like terms then add the inverse

and add the like terms)

4x2 + 5 4x2 + 5ndash(-2x2 + 4x ndash 7) + 2x2 ndash 4x + 7

6x2 ndash 4x + 12

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 23

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 26: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Multiply BinomialsApply the distributive property

(a + b)(c + d) = a(c + d) + b(c + d) =ac + ad + bc + bd

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

= (x + 3)(x + 2)= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6= x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 24

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 27: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Multiply Polynomials

Apply the distributive property

(x + 2)(3x2 + 5x + 1)

(x + 2)( 3x2 + 5x + 1)= x(3x2 + 5x + 1) + 2(3x2 + 5x + 1)

= xmiddot3x2 + xmiddot5x + xmiddot1 + 2middot3x2 + 2middot5x + 2middot1

= 3x3 + 5x2 + x + 6x2 + 10x + 2

= 3x3 + 11x2 + 11x + 2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 25

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 28: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Multiply Binomials(Model)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + 2x + 3x + = x2 + 5x + 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 26

x + 2

x + 3

x2 =

Key

x =

1 =

6

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 29: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Multiply Binomials(Graphic Organizer)

Apply the distributive property

Example (x + 8)(2x ndash 3) = (x + 8)(2x + -3)

2x2 + 16x + -3x + -24 = 2x2 + 13x ndash 24

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 27

2x + -3x + 8

2x2 -3x

16x -24

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 30: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Multiply Binomials(Squaring a Binomial)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a ndash b)2 = a2 ndash 2ab + b2

Examples

(3m + n)2 = 9m2 + 2(3m)(n) + n2

= 9m2 + 6mn + n2

(y ndash 5)2 = y2 ndash 2(5)(y) + 25 = y2 ndash 10y + 25

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 28

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 31: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Multiply Binomials(Sum and Difference)

(a + b)(a ndash b) = a2 ndash b2

Examples

(2b + 5)(2b ndash 5) = 4b2 ndash 25

(7 ndash w)(7 + w) = 49 ndash w2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 29

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 32: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Factors of a MonomialThe number(s) andor variable(s) that are multiplied together to form a monomial

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 30

Examples Factors Expanded Form

5b2 5∙b2 5∙b∙b

6x2y 6∙x2∙y 2 3∙ ∙x x∙ ∙y

-5 p2 q3

2-52 ∙p2∙q3

12 middot(-

5)∙p p∙ ∙q q q∙ ∙

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 33: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Factoring(Greatest Common Factor)

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of all terms of the polynomial and then apply the

distributive property

Example 20a4 + 8a

2 2 5 ∙ ∙ ∙ a a a a∙ ∙ ∙ + 2 2 2 ∙ ∙ ∙ a

GCF = 2 2 a∙ ∙ = 4a

20a4 + 8a = 4a(5a3 + 2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 31

common factors

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 34: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Factoring (By Grouping)

For trinomials of the forma x2+bx+c

Example 3 x2+8x+4

3 x2+2 x+6 x+4

(3 x2+2x )+(6 x+4)

x (3 x+2)+2(3 x+2)

(3 x+2)(x+2)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 32

ac = 3 4 = 12Find factors of ac that add to equal b

12 = 2 6 2 + 6 = 8

Rewrite 8 x as 2 x + 6 x

Group factors

Factor out a common binomial

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 35: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Factoring(Perfect Square Trinomials)

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

a2 ndash 2ab + b2 = (a ndash b)2

Examples x2 + 6x +9 = x2 + 2 3∙ ∙x +32

= (x + 3)2

4x2 ndash 20x + 25 = (2x)2 ndash 2 2∙ x 5 + ∙52 = (2x ndash 5)2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 33

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 36: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Factoring(Difference of Squares)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Examples

x2 ndash 49 = x2 ndash 72 = (x + 7)(x ndash 7)

4 ndash n2 = 22 ndash n2 = (2 ndash n) (2 + n)

9x2 ndash 25y2 = (3x)2 ndash (5y)2

= (3x + 5y)(3x ndash 5y)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 34

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 37: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Difference of Squares (Model)

a2 ndash b2 = (a + b)(a ndash b)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 35

(a + b)(a ndash b)b

a

a

b

a2 ndash b2

a(a ndash b) + b(a ndash b)

a ndash

a ndash

a

b

a ndash

a + b

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 38: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Divide Polynomials(Monomial Divisor)

Divide each term of the dividend by the monomial divisor

Example(12x3 ndash 36x2 + 16x) 4x

= 12 x3 ndash 36 x 2 + 16 x4 x

= 12 x3

4 x ndash 36 x2

4 x + 16 x4 x

= 3x2 ndash 9x + 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 36

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 39: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)

Factor and simplify

Example(7w2 + 3w ndash 4) (w + 1)

= 7 w 2 + 3 w ndash 4w + 1

= (7 w ndash 4 ) ( w + 1)w + 1

= 7w ndash 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 37

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 40: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Square Rootradicx2

Simplify square root expressionsExamples

radic9 x2 = radic32 ∙ x2 = radic(3x)2 = 3x

-radic( x ndash 3)2 = -(x ndash 3) = -x + 3

Squaring a number and taking a square root are inverse operations

Cube RootVirginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 38

radicand or argument radical symbol

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 41: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

3radicx3

Simplify cube root expressionsExamples

3radic64 = 3radic43 = 43radic-27 = 3radic(-3)3 = -3

3radicx3 = x

Cubing a number and taking a cube root are inverse operations

Simplify Numerical Expressions ContainingSquare or Cube Roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 39

radical symbol radicand or argument

index

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 42: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Simplify radicals and combine like terms where possible

Examples

12minusradic32minus11

2+radic8

iquestminus102

minus4radic2+2radic2

iquestminus5minus2radic2

radic18minus2 3radic27=3radic2minus2 (3 )iquest3radic2minus6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 40

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 43: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions

Add or subtract the numerical factors of the like radicals

Examples

6 3radic5minus4 3radic5minus 3radic5iquest (6minus4minus1 ) 3radic5=3radic5

2 xradic3+5 xradic3iquest (2+5 ) xradic3=7 x radic3

2radic3+7radic2minus2radic3=(2minus2 ) radic3+7radic2=7radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 41

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 44: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Product Property of Radicals

The nth root of a product equals the product of the nth roots

nradicab=nradica ∙ nradicb

a ge 0 and b ge 0

Examplesradic4 x = radic4 ∙ radicx= 2radicx

radic5 a3 = radic5 ∙ radica3 = aradic5 a

3radic16= 3radic8∙2 = 3radic8 ∙ 3radic2 = 23radic2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 42

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 45: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Quotient Propertyof Radicals

The nth root of a quotient equals the quotient of the nth roots of the numerator

and denominatornradic ab= nradica

nradicb

a ge 0 and b ˃ 0

Example

radic5y2 = radic5

radicy2 = radic5y y ne 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 43

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 46: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0then a = 0 or b = 0

Example(x + 3)(x ndash 4) = 0

(x + 3) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0x = -3 or x = 4

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 44

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 47: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Solutions or Rootsx2 + 2x = 3

Solve using the zero product property

x2 + 2x ndash 3 = 0(x + 3)(x ndash 1) = 0

x + 3 = 0 or x ndash 1 = 0x = -3 or x = 1

The solutions or roots of the polynomial equation are -3 and 1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 45

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 48: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Zeros The zeros of a function f(x) are the values of

x where the function is equal to zero

The zeros of a function are also the solutions or roots of the related equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 46

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3Find f(x) = 0

0 = x2 + 2x ndash 30 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros of the function f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3 are -3 and 1 and are located at the

x-intercepts (-30) and (10)

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 49: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

x-InterceptsThe x-intercepts of a graph are located where the graph crosses the x-axis and

where f(x) = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 47

f(x) = x2 + 2x ndash 3

0 = (x + 3)(x ndash 1)0 = x + 3 or 0 = x ndash 1

x = -3 or x = 1

The zeros are -3 and 1The x-intercepts are

-3 or (-30) and 1 or (10)

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 50: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Coordinate Plane

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 48

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 51: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Literal EquationA formula or equation that consists

primarily of variables

Examples

Ax + By = C

A = 12

bh

V = lwh

F = 95 C + 32

A = πr2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 49

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 52: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Vertical Line

x = a (where a can be any real number)

Example x = -4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 50

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Vertical lines have undefined slope

y

x

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 53: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Horizontal Line

y = c(where c can be any real number)

Example y = 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 51

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Horizontal lines have a slope of 0

x

y

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 54: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Factoring)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Example solved by factoring

Solutions to the equation are 2 and 4 Solutions are 2 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 52

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0 Quadratic equation

(x ndash 2)(x ndash 4) = 0 Factor

(x ndash 2) = 0 or (x ndash 4) = 0 Set factors equal to 0

x = 2 or x = 4 Solve for x

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 55: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Quadratic Equation(Solve by Graphing)

ax2 + bx + c = 0a 0

Example solved by graphing

x2 ndash 6x + 8 = 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 53

Solutions to the equation are the x-coordinates2 4 of the points where the function crosses the x-axis

Graph the related function

f(x) = x2 ndash 6x + 8

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 56: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Quadratic Equation(NumberType of Real Solutions)

ax2 + bx + c = 0 a 0

Examples Graph of the related function

Number and Type of SolutionsRoots

x2 ndash x = 32 distinct Real

roots(crosses x-axis twice)

x2 + 16 = 8x

1 distinct Real root with a

multiplicity of two (double root)(touches x-axis but

does not cross)

12x2 ndash 2x + 3 = 0 0 Real roots

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 54

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 57: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

InequalityAn algebraic sentence comparing two

quantities

Symbol Meaning

lt less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to not equal to

Examples -105 ˃ -99 ndash 12

8 lt 3t + 2

x ndash 5y ge -12

x le -11

r 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 55

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 58: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Graph of an Inequality

Symbol Example Graph

lt x lt 3

-3 y

t -2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 56

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 59: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Transitive Property of Inequality

If Thena b and b c a ca b and b c a c

Examples If 4x 2y and 2y 16

then 4x 16

If x y ndash 1 and y ndash 1 3 then x 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 57

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 60: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality

If Thena gt b a + c gt b + ca b a + c b + ca lt b a + c lt b + ca b a + c b + c

Exampled ndash 19 -87

d ndash 19 + 19 -87 + 19d -68

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 58

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 61: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Multiplication Property of Inequality

If Case Then a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt bca gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt bca lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt bca gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt bc

Example If c = -25 gt -3

5(-2) lt -3(-2)

-10 lt 6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 59

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 62: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Division Property of Inequality

If Case Then

a lt b c gt 0 positive ac lt b

c

a gt b c gt 0 positive ac gt b

c

a lt b c lt 0 negative ac gt b

c

a gt b c lt 0 negative ac lt b

c

Example If c = -4-90 -4t

-90-4 -4 t

-4

225 t

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 60

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 63: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Linear Equation

(Standard Form)Ax + By = C

(A B and C are integers A and B cannot both equal zero)

Example

-2x + y = -3

The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 61

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

x

y

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 64: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)

y = mx + b(slope is m and y-intercept is b)

Example y = - 43 x + 5

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 62

3

-4

(05)m = -4

3

b = 5

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 65: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)

y ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)where m is the slope and (x1y1) is the point

Example Write an equation for the line that passes through the point (-41) and has a slope of 2

y ndash 1 = 2(x ndash (-4))y ndash 1 = 2(x + 4)

y = 2x + 9

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 63

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 66: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation

Forms of a Linear Equation

Example 3 y=6 ndash 4 x

Slope-Intercepty = mx + b

y=minus43x+2

Point-Slopey ndash y1 = m(x ndash x1)

yminus (minus2 )=minus43

( xminus3)

StandardAx + By= C

4 x+3 y=6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 64

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 67: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

SlopeA number that represents the rate of change

in y for a unit change in x

The slope indicates the steepness of a line

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 65

2

3

Slope = 23

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 68: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Slope Formula The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change

slope = m =

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 66

y

x

y2 ndash y1

x2 ndash x1

(x2 y2)

(x1 y1)

B

A

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 69: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Slopes of Lines

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 67

Line phas a positive slope

Line n has a negative

slope

Vertical line s has an undefined slope

Horizontal line t has a zero slope

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 70: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Perpendicular LinesLines that intersect to form a right angle

Perpendicular lines (not parallel to either of the axes) have slopes whose product is -1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 68

Example The slope of line n = -2 The slope of line p = 1

2 -2 ∙ 1

2 = -1 therefore n is perpendicular to p

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 71: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Parallel LinesLines in the same plane that do not intersect

are parallelParallel lines have the same slopes

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 69

Example The slope of line a = -2 The slope of line b = -2

-2 = -2 therefore a is parallel to b

ab

x

y

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 72: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Mathematical Notation

EquationInequality Set Notation

x=minus5 minus5

x=5orx=minus34 5 minus34

ygt 83 y ∶ ygt 8

3

xle234 xorx le234

Empty (null) set empty

All Real Numbers x ∶ x All Real Numbers

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 70

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 73: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

System of Linear Equations

(Graphing)-x + 2y = 32x + y = 4

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 71

The solution (1 2) is the

only ordered pair that

satisfies both equations (the point of intersection)

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 74: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

System of Linear Equations (Substitution)

x + 4y = 17y = x ndash 2

Substitute x ndash 2 for y in the first equation

x + 4(x ndash 2) = 17

x = 5

Now substitute 5 for x in the second equation

y = 5 ndash 2

y = 3

The solution to the linear system is (5 3)

the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 72

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 75: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

System of Linear Equations (Elimination)

-5x ndash 6y = 85x + 2y = 4

Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable -5x ndash 6y = 8+ 5x + 2y = 4

-4y = 12 y = -3

Now substitute -3 for y in either original equation to find the value of x the eliminated variable

-5x ndash 6(-3) = 8 x = 2

The solution to the linear system is (2-3) the ordered pair that satisfies both equations

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 73

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 76: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

System of Linear Equations

(Number of Solutions)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 74

Number of Solutions

Slopes and y-intercepts

Graph

One solution Different slopes

No solutionSame slope and

different -intercepts

Infinitely many

solutions

Same slope andsame y-

interceptsx

y

x

y

x

y

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 77: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

x

x

Graphing Linear Inequalities

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 75

The graph of the solution of a linear inequality is a half-plane bounded by the graph of its related linear equation Points on the boundary are included unless the inequality contains only lt or gt

-6-5-4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 4-5-3-113579

1113

Example Graph

y x + 2

y gt -x ndash 1

y

y

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 78: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

x

System of Linear Inequalities

Solve by graphingy x ndash 3y -2x + 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 76

The solution region contains all ordered pairs that are solutions to both inequalities in the system

(-11) is one of the solutions to the system located in the solution

region

y

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 79: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Example

y = 2x + 7

Dependent andIndependent Variable

x independent variable(input values or domain set)

y dependent variable(output values or range set)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 77

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 80: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Dependent andIndependent Variable

(Application)

Determine the distance a car will travel going 55 mph

d = 55h

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 78

independent dependenth d0 01 552 1103 165

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 81: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Graph of a Quadratic Equation

y = ax2 + bx + ca 0

Example y = x2 + 2x ndash 3

The graph of the quadratic equation is a curve (parabola) with one line of symmetry and one vertex

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 79

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13y

x

line of symmetry

vertex

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 82: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Vertex of a Quadratic Function

For a given quadratic y = ax2+ bx + c the vertex (h k) is found by computing

h =minusb2a and then evaluating y at h to find k

Example y=x2+2 xminus8

h=minusb2a

= minus22(1)

=minus1

k=(minus1 )2+2 (minus1 )minus8

k=minus9

The vertex is (-1-9)

Line of symmetry is x=hx=minus1

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 80

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 83: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Quadratic Formula Used to find the solutions to any quadratic

equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

x = - b plusmnradicb2 - 4ac 2 a

Example g(x )=2 x2minus4 xminus3

x=minus(minus4 )plusmnradic(minus4 )2minus4 (2 ) (minus3 )2 (2 )

x=2+radic102

2minusradic102

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 81

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 84: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

RelationA set of ordered pairs

Examples

x y

-3 40 01 -6

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 82

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 85: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

2 25 -1

(04) (03) (02) (01)

Function(Definition)

A relationship between two quantities in which every input corresponds to exactly one output

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 83

2

4

6

8

10

10

7

5

3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

x y

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 86: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

A relation is a function if and only if each element in the domain is paired with a unique element of the range

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 84

10

7

5

3

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 87: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Functions(Examples)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 85

(-34) (03) (12) (46)

y

x

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

x y3 22 40 2-1 2

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 88: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Domain

A set of input values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 86

The domain of f(x) is all real numbers

The domain of g(x) is -2 -1 0 1

x

f(x)

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 89: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Range

A set of output values of a relation

Examples

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 87

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 y

The range of f(x) is all real numbers greater than or equal to zero

f(x)

x

The range of g(x) is 0 1 2 3

input outputx g(x)-2 0-1 10 21 3

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 90: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Function Notation f(x)

f(x) is read ldquothe value of f at xrdquo or ldquof of xrdquo

Examplef(x) = -3x + 5 find f(2)f(2) = -3(2) + 5f(2) = -6 + 5f(2) = -1

Letters other than f can be used to name functions eg g(x) and h(x)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 88

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 91: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Parent Functions(Linear Quadratic)

Linear

f(x) = x

Quadratic

f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 89

x

y

x

y

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 92: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Translation)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Tran

slatio

ns

g(x) = f(x) + kis the graph of f(x) translated

vertically ndash

k units up when k gt 0

k units down when k lt 0

g(x) = f(x minus h)is the graph of f(x) translated horizontally ndash

h units right when h gt 0

h units left when h lt 0

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 90

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 93: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Reflection)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Refle

ction

s g(x) = -f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the x-axis

g(x) = f(-x)is the graph of

f(x) ndashreflected over the y-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 91

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 94: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Transformations of Parent Functions

(Vertical Dilations)Parent functions can be transformed to

create other members in a family of graphs

Dila

tions

g(x) = a middot f(x)is the graph of

f(x) ndash

vertical dilation (stretch) if a gt 1

Stretches away from the x-axis

vertical dilation (compression) if 0 lt a lt 1

Compresses toward the x-axis

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 92

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 95: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Translationg(x) = x + b

Vertical translation of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 93

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = x + 4h(x) = x ndash 2

x

y

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 96: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Linear Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (m gt 0)g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 94

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = 2xh(x) = 1

2xx

y

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 97: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Linear Function

(Transformational Graphing)Vertical DilationReflection (m lt 0)

g(x) = mx

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression)

with a reflection of f(x) = x

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 95

Examplesf(x) = xt(x) = -xh(x) = -3xd(x) = -1

3x

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 98: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Translationh(x) = x2 + c

Vertical translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 96

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = x2 + 2t(x) = x2 ndash 3

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 99: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical Dilation (agt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 97

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = 2x2

t(x) = 13x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 100: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Vertical DilationReflection (alt0)h(x) = ax2

Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 98

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Examples f(x) = x2

g(x) = -2x2

t(x) = -13 x2

y

x

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 101: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Quadratic Function(Transformational Graphing)

Horizontal Translation

h(x) = (x plusmn c)2

Horizontal translation of f(x) = x2

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 99

Examplesf(x) = x2

g(x) = (x + 2)2

t(x) = (x ndash 3)2

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9y

x

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 102: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Multiple Representations of

Functions

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 100

Words

y equals one-half x minus 2

Equationy=1

2xminus2

Tablex y

-2 -30 -22 -14 0

Graph

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 103: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Direct Variationy = kx or k = y

x

constant of variation k 0

Example y = 3x or 3 = y

x

3 = minus6minus2

=minus3minus1

=31=6

2

The graph of all points describing a direct variation is a line passing through the

origin

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 101

x

y

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

x y-2 -6-1 -30 01 32 6

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 104: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Inverse Variation

y = kx or k = xy

constant of variation k 0 Example

y = 3x or xy = 3

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 102

y

x

The graph of all points describing an inverse variation relationship are two curves that

are reflections of each other

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 105: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

ScatterplotGraphical representation of the

relationship between two numerical sets of data

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 103

y

x

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 106: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)

In general a relationship where the dependent (y) values increase as independent values (x) increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 104

y

x

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 107: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)In general a relationship where the

dependent (y) values decrease as independent (x) values increase

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 105

y

x

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 108: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

No Linear Relationship (Correlation)

No relationship between the dependent (y) values and independent (x) values

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 106

y

x

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 109: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Curve of Best Fit(Linear)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 107

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = 11731x + 19385

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 110: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Curve of Best Fit(Quadratic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 108

Equation of Curve of Best Fity = -001x2 + 07x + 6

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)
Page 111: Algebra I Vocabulary Word Wall Cards  · Web viewVocabulary Word Wall Cards. Mathematics vocabulary word wall cards provide a display of mathematics content words and associated

Outlier Data(Graphic)

Virginia Department of Education 2018 Algebra I Mathematics Vocabulary ndash Card 109

  • x
  • y
  • -2
  • -6
  • -1
  • -3
  • 0
  • 0
  • 1
  • 3
  • 2
  • 6
  • Absolute Value
  • Order of Operations
  • Expression
  • Variable
  • Coefficient
  • Term
  • Scientific Notation
  • Exponential Form
  • Negative Exponent
  • Zero Exponent
  • Product of Powers Property
  • Power of a Power Property
  • Power of a Product Property
  • = =
  • Power of Quotient Property
  • Polynomial
  • Degree of a Polynomial
  • Leading Coefficient
  • Add Polynomials
  • Add Polynomials
  • 3g3 + 6g2 ndash g ndash 7
  • Subtract Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Polynomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • Multiply Binomials
  • (Sum and Difference)
  • Factors of a Monomial
  • Factoring
  • (Greatest Common Factor)
  • Factoring
  • (By Grouping)
  • Example
  • Factoring
  • (Perfect Square Trinomials)
  • Factoring
  • (Difference of Squares)
  • Difference of Squares (Model)
  • Divide Polynomials
  • Divide Polynomials (Binomial Divisor)
  • Square Root
  • Cube Root
  • Simplify Numerical Expressions Containing
  • Add and Subtract Monomial Radical Expressions
  • Product Property of Radicals
  • Quotient Property
  • Zero Product Property
  • Solutions or Roots
  • Zeros
  • x-Intercepts
  • Coordinate Plane
  • Literal Equation
  • A = πr2
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Inequality
  • Graph of an Inequality
  • Transitive Property of Inequality
  • AdditionSubtraction Property of Inequality
  • d -68
  • Division Property of Inequality
  • 225 t
  • The graph of the linear equation is a straight line and represents all solutions (x y) of the equation
  • Linear Equation (Slope-Intercept Form)
  • Linear Equation (Point-Slope Form)
  • Equivalent Forms of a Linear Equation
  • Slope
  • Slope Formula
  • Slopes of Lines
  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Parallel Lines
  • Mathematical Notation
  • (Graphing)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Substitution)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Elimination)
  • System of Linear Equations
  • (Number of Solutions)
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • System of Linear Inequalities
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent and
  • Independent Variable
  • Graph of a Quadratic Equation
  • Relation
  • Function
  • Functions
  • Function Notation
  • Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Transformations of Parent Functions
  • Linear Function
  • Linear Function
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the parent function f(x) = x
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x
  • Vertical translation of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of f(x) = x2
  • Vertical dilation (stretch or compression) with a reflection of f(x) = x2
  • Multiple Representations of Functions
  • Direct Variation
  • Inverse
  • Variation
  • Scatterplot
  • Positive Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Negative Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • No Linear Relationship (Correlation)
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Curve of Best Fit
  • Outlier Data
  • (Graphic)