American Colonies

New England Colonies

13 Colonies

• 13 colonies

New England

Types of Colonies

• Charter – King granted a document to the colony which established the rules on how the colony will be governed

• Proprietary – King gave land to friends who set up colonies

• Royal – King governs the colony directly

Plymouth Bay Colony

• 1620• Charter Colony• Founded for Religious Freedoms• Merged with Massachusetts Bay

Colony 1691• Economic Activities – Fishing,

Lumber, shipbuilding, Trade, rum

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• 1630• Charter Colony• Founded by

Puritans

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Religious Freedom• Fishing, Lumber, shipbuilding ,

trade, rum• Leader John Winthrop

Connecticut

• Disagreed with Puritans

• 1636 Hooker and 100 others left Massachusetts

• 1639 drafted Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• Hooker – “Father of American Democracy”

Connecticut

• Different from Massachusetts Bay Colony1. All men who were property owners

could vote2. Limited the power of the

government• 1662 became Charter Colony• The charter used as state

constitution until after American Revolution

Connecticut

• Reasons for founding – Religious and Political freedom, expand trade

• Economic Activities – Rum, Iron, Shipbuilding

Rhode Island

• Roger Williams• 1635 accused of spreading

new and dangerous opinions

• Church and state should be separate– State should maintain order

and peace NOT support one church

• Religious toleration• Non-Puritans could not vote • Believed non-Puritans

should worship freely

Rhode Island

• Believed non-church members should vote

• Believed land belonged to Indians• Europeans should buy land from

the Indians

Rhode Island

• 1635 – General Court ordered Roger Williams to return to England– Winthrop advised him to flee

• 1644 Charter from England called Providence Plantation

• Charter colony• Snuff, livestock, shipping

Rhode Island

• Allowed for freedom of religion including Catholics and Jews

• No state church• All white men could vote• Haven for misfits and scoundrels

called Rogues Island

Rhode Island

Touro Synagogue in Rhode Island congregation founded in 1658

New Hampshire

• Part of Massachusetts Bay Colony• 1680 – King issued Royal Charter• Colonists began settling north of Boston• Founded by John Mason• Economic Activities – trade, fishing,

lumber• Reasons for founding – trade and fishing

Middle Colonies

Middle Colonies

• New York• New Jersey• Pennsylvania• Delaware

New Amsterdam

This is the oldest Jewish congregation in America started 1654 building was built in 1897

New Amsterdam

• 1626 Peter Minuit brought settlers• Originally settled by Dutch,

– Also Germans, French, Scandinavians, and others came to New Amsterdam

• People could practice their religion freely

•

New Amsterdam

• Peter Stuyvesant – governor– Strict and tough

minded– Old Silver Nails– Punishments were

harsh – heavy fines or public whippings

New York

• Dutch wedge – separates Northern and Southern colonies

• 1664 – King Charles II gave his brother James, duke of York permission to oust the Dutch

• James sent out a fleet

New York

• Governor Stuyvesant tried to get people to fight– Few weapons– Little gunpowder– No support from settlers

• Stuyvesant surrendered without firing a shot

New York

• Renamed New York• Proprietary Colony 1664- 1685• Royal Colony – 1685 • Reasons for founding – Expand

trade and connect colonies• Economic Activities – Wheat,

lumber, sugar, shipbuilding, trade

New Jersey

• Duke of York found the colony too large

• 1664 – Proprietary Colony• Gave land to Lord John Berkeley

and Sir George Carteret• They advertised religious freedom

and representative government

New Jersey

• East Jersey and West Jersey• 1702 – Royal Colony

–Protected religious freedom and the rights of an assembly

• Reasons for founding – expansion, trading post, refuge for Quakers

• Economic Activities – trade, farming

Pennsylvania

• William Penn• Wealthy

Englishman• Friend of King

Charles II• 1667 at age 22

became Quaker

Pennsylvania

• Quakers - Radicals• Protestant reformers• All people were equal before God• Did not have ministers or priests• Refused to pay taxes to Church of

England

Pennsylvania

• William Penn imprisoned for his Quaker beliefs

• Found “not guilty” by the jury• Decided to leave England

Pennsylvania

• Frame of Government– Penn appointed Governor and council

of advisors to make laws– Representative assembly accepted or

rejected the laws– Assembly eventually able to make

laws on its own– Any white Christian male could vote

Pennsylvania

• Penn sent pamphlets with the Frame of Government all over Europe

• Settlers came from – England– Scotland– Wales– Netherlands– France – Germany (Deutsch) aka Pennsylvania Dutch

Pennsylvania

• Holy Experiment model of religious freedom, peace and Christian living

• All religions came to Pennsylvania• Believed land belonged to Indians• Peaceful relations with the Indians

Pennsylvania

• Philadelphia – Greek meaning “brotherly love”

• Planned to grow in a orderly way

Pennsylvania

• Founder – William Penn in 1682• Proprietary Colony• Religious and Political Freedoms;

Refuge for Quakers• Trade, Farming

Delaware

• Originally part of Pennsylvania – Pennsylvania did not have a port on

Atlantic (reason for founding)• Duke of York gave Lower Counties

to Penn• 1682 – 1701 Proprietary colony

Delaware

• 1702 Royal colony• Economic Activities – trade and

farming• Reasons for Founding – expand

trade

Southern Colonies

• Virginia• Maryland• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia

Virginia

• Founded 1607 – Jamestown

• Important Leaders – John Smith, John Rolfe

• Economic Activities – tobacco• Reasons for Settling – Search for

gold; English outpost against Spain

Maryland

• 1633 – Lord Baltimore received a grant to establish colony

• Established as a Catholic colony

• Proprietary Colony

Maryland

• 200 Colonists arrived and named first town St. Mary’s

• Avoided swampy lowlands• Raised corn, cattle, and hogs• Few families came, mainly men• Began growing tobacco for profit

Maryland

• Conflicts arose between Protestants and Catholics

• Toleration Act of 1649– Restricting religious rights of

Christians a crime– Offered Religious freedom and

protected the rights of minorities

Maryland

• Reasons for founding – establish a Catholic colony

• Economic Activities – tobacco

Carolinas

• Named for King Charles I• 8 nobles given land• Settlements were in 2 different

areas• North – poor tobacco farmers• South – large rice plantations • Split into 2 colonies 1712

North Carolina

• Founded in 1655• Proprietary colony until 1729• Royal colony 1729 - 1776• Small farmers • Economic Activities – naval

supplies, tobacco, furs• Reasons for settlement – trade and

farming

South Carolina

• 1670 founded Charles Town• Proprietary Colony until 1719• Royal Colony 1719 – 1776• Began growing rice in the swampy

lowlands • Brought slaves for plantations

South Carolina

• Economic Activities – rice, indigo• Reasons for settling – trade and

farming

Georgia

• Founded in 1732 by James Oglethorpe

• Proprietary colony

• German, Swiss and Welsh Protestants, Jews in Savannah

Georgia

• Oglethorpe wanted a haven for debtors

• King wanted a buffer against Spanish Florida

Georgia

• Oglethorpe did not want large plantations– Outlawed slavery– Limited size of land grants

• 1752 Oglethorpe gave up charter

Georgia

• Proprietary 1732 – 1752• Royal 1752 – 1776• Economic Activities – Rice, indigo,

shipping supplies