Amity School of Business

Amity School of Business

Amity School of

Business SEMESTER I

ENGLISH

(BBAEG-10201)

Ms. Priyanka A. Singh

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EVALUATION PATTERN

• External Evaluation 70 marks

• Internal Evaluation 30 marks

(Midterm, Class Performance, Assignments, Attendance)

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Course Content• Module 1-Vocabulary.• Module 2-Essentials of Grammar –I.• Module 3-Essentials of Grammar –II.• Module 4-Communication.• Module 5-Spoken Eng Communication.• Module 6-Communication Skills-I.• Module 7-Communication Skills-II.• Module 8-Written Eng Communication.

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TEXTS & REFERENCES

• Madhulika Jha, Echoes, Orient Long Man.• Ramon & Prakash, Business

Communication, Oxford• Successful Communications, Allyn &

Bacon.• Wren and Martin, High School English

Grammar and Composition.

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MODULE 1

VOCABULARY

• Use of Dictionary.• Use of Words: Diminutives,

Homonyms & Homophones.

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Dictionary

What is a Dictionary?• Dictionary is a collection of words

in a specific language, often listed alphabetically, with definitions, pronunciations, and other information.

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How to Use a Dictionary

• First, think of the word to look up. • Then open the dictionary to as close

to the first letter or two of the word as possible.

• Then either turn back or forward to find the word.

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• To help the search, dictionaries have guide words to help.

• Guide words are at the top of each page. The first guide word is the first word on a page, and the second guide word at the top of the page is the last word on the page.

• Using the guidewords, you should find the word you a looking for easily.

• It will be between the words.

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Diminutives

• Small.• A word that is formed with a suffix

(such as -let or -kin) to indicate smallness

• E.g. "a Lilliputian chest of drawers"; "her petite figure"; "tiny feet"; “booklet",

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Homonyms

• Homonym is one of a group of words that share the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings, usually as a result of the two words having different origins.

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Examples • stalk (which as a noun can mean part

of a plant, and, as a verb, to follow/harass a person),

• bear (animal) and bear (carry), • left (opposite of right) and left (past

tense of leave).

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Homophones

• Homophones are words that have exactly the same sound (pronunciation) but different meanings and (usually) spelling.

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• For example, the following two words have the same sound, but different meanings and spelling: Hour & Our.

• In the next example, the two words have the same sound and spelling, but different meanings: bear (the animal) & bear (to carry).

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Several linguistic concepts include these• Homographs (literally "same writing") are words that

share the same spelling regardless of how they are pronounced. Homographs may be pronounced the same, in which case they are also homophones – for example, bark (the sound of a dog) and bark (the skin of a tree). Alternatively they may be pronounced differently, in which case they are also heteronyms – for example, bow (the front of a ship) and bow (a type of knot).

• Homophones (literally "same sound") are words that share the same pronunciation regardless of how they are spelled. Homophones may be spelled the same (in which case they are also homographs) or spelled differently (in which case they are heterographs). Homographic examples include tire (to become weary) and tire (on the wheel of a car). Heterographic examples include to, too, two, and there, their, they’re.

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• Homonyms can therefore be seen as the subset of homophones that are spelled the same, which is logically the same as the subset of homographs that are pronounced the same. This means words that are spelled and pronounced the same (but have different meanings).

• Heteronyms (literally "different name") are the subset of homographs (words that share the same spelling) that have different pronunciations (and meanings). That is, they are homographs which are not homophones. Such words include desert (to abandon) and desert (arid region); row (to argue or an argument) and row (as in to row a boat or a row of seats). Note that the latter meaning also constitutes a homophone. Heteronyms are also sometimes called heterophones (literally "different sound"). ("Heteronym" also has a specialized meaning in poetry;)

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• Polysemes are words with the same spelling and distinct but related meanings. The distinction between polysemy and homonymy is often subtle and subjective, and not all sources consider polysemous words to be homonyms. Words such as "mouth", meaning either the orifice on one's face, or the opening of a cave or river, are polysemous and may or may not be considered homonyms.

• Capitonyms are words that share the same spelling but have different meanings when capitalized (and may or may not have different pronunciations). Such words include polish (to make shiny) and Polish (from Poland); march (organized, uniformed, steady and rhythmic walking forward) and March (the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar).

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Term Meaning Spelling Pronunciation

Homonym Different Same Same

Homograph Different Same Same or Different

Homophone Different Same or Different Same

Heteronym Different Same Different

Heterograph Different Different Same

Polyseme Different but Related Same Same or Different

Capitonym Different when Capitalized

Same except for capitalization

Same or Different

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Amity School of Business