Amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04

amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04



Russell Loveridge - [email protected] HIL – F56.2


Russell Loveridge - [email protected]

Marcus Braach - [email protected] - HIL E15.1

Hilfassistant - TBA



Marcus Braach - [email protected]

Hilfassistant - TBA

Course Time:

Wednesdays – 10:00-12:00 AM HIL F40.9



Marcus Braach - [email protected]

Hilfassistant - TBA

Course Time:

Wednesdays – 10:00-12:00 AM HIL F40.9

Administration:

- Course TWIKI Update

- Schedule Update

- Assignment Update


This course is an introduction to digital design & manufacturing in contemporary architecture.


This course is an introduction to digital design & manufacturing in contemporary architecture.

DIGITAL & CNC-FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY >

CONTEXT: o Overview and history o Review of current practices

TECHNOLOGY: o influence on design & architecture.o overview of different types of CAM o Specific focus on milling

DESIGN: o Generated digital design o parametric designo mass customization

ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE

Lectures and theory: o Complex geometries & topologyo Changes in design capabilities and strategies

Skill building:o hands on experience with several CNC machines o practical assignements

Personal research, experimentation, & production: o diplomwahlfacharbeit


Context


Context : History of Automated Fabrication and Architecture.



The begining of using the MACHINE for mass production.




- Industrial revolution from 1750‘s





- Steam Engine 1769





- Steam Engine 1769

- Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786





- Steam Engine 1769


- Expansion of the Railways, 1840





- Steam Engine 1769



- Meat packing lines, Birmingham & Chicago, 1840





- Steam Engine 1769



- Meat packing lines, Birmingham & Chicago, 1840

- Ford Assembly line experimentations 1850


Ford Assembly line experimentation 1850

Assembly line = manufacturing economics of scale

MASS PRODUCTION

-Changes in consumer society demanded new requirements for efficiency.

-Assembly line manufacturing evolves based on analysing the efficient workflow positions of the employees

-The term „Industrial Automation“ is used for the first time in Ford documents at this time


Ford Assembly line experimentation 1850

Assembly line = manufacturing economics of scale

MASS PRODUCTION

-How could ideas from the industrial manufacturing process be applied to architecture?


The Crystal Palace – Grand Exposition, 1851 - Sir Joseph Paxton

Regent Park, London, UK.


The Crystal Palace – construction history


The Crystal Palace – Exhibition of the new industrial utopia.


The early 1900`s


The early 1900`s

Advances in science, engineering, and materials gave rise to new empires and new political power


The early 1900`s

Architecture during wartime

- Allocation of resources to the war effort

- Technological developments for efficiency of industry

- Mass production of specific goods


The early 1900`s





The war effort brought significant advances in the fields of science, engineering, materials, and manufacturing...

-How could this knowledge be applied to architecture?


The early 1900`s





The war effort brought significant advances in the fields of science, engineering, materials, and manufacturing...

-How could this knowledge be applied to architecture?

Architecture post-wartime

- The architecutre of rebuilding

- Great demand for the traditional building/construction resources

- New resources and techniques for industrialized goods

- Development and adaptation of technologies to building


Post-war Industrial innovation in architecture


The DyMaxIon House – Bukminster Fuller 1946

DYnamic – MAXimum – tensION – dwelling machine

-Designed to make use of post-war materials and expertise from the aviation and defence industry.

-To have been built on an assembly line and delivered to building sites all over the USA in a shipping canister.



The DyMaxIon House – Bukminster Fuller 1946

DYnamic – MAXimum – tensION – dwelling machine

-Designed to make use of post-war materials and expertise from the aviation and defence industry.

-To have been built on an assembly line and delivered to building sites all over the USA in a shipping canister.

The Manufactured House – 1950‘s to present

The house built on the assembly line was once considered to be the future of American domesticity.

- Reduction of waste and efficient use of materials.

- Faster construction time, and higher quality control.

- Customization within a modular approach.



Present day issues with respect to architecture, fabrication, and the construction process


Current architectural practice

- Allocation of resources

- New materials

- Development and adaptation of technologies

- Demand for ecconomic and design efficiency





- New materials



-Architecture currently follows other design/build disciplines.

- It is no longer an innovator.

-Architecture does not invest in research.

-It is viewed as a commodity rather than a profession.





- New materials



-Architecture currently follows other design/build disciplines.

- It is no longer an innovator.

-Architecture does not invest in research.

-It is viewed as a commodity rather than a profession.

Can we change this?????

Lets look at a different industry that received a significant technological boost from the wars........



A brief history of the Computer & Architecture



1940’s - ENIAC



1940’s - ENIAC 1950’s - Graphics



1940’s - ENIAC 1950’s - Graphics 1960’s – Industrial application




1970’s – Home computers





1980’s – Mass Produces PCs





1980’s – Networked computers







1990’s – Architectural acceptance







1990’s – Architectural acceptance


2000’s – Architectural innovation


A computer development history:

1950‘s - the introduction of the computer to mainstream scientific research.

1960‘s - the introduction of graphics and visual representation by computer.

1970‘s - The large industrial acceptance of CAD in the design process.1972 - The first demonstration of 3d-CAM fabrication from a punchcard machine1978 - Dassault Ind. develops CATIA (Computer-Aided 3-Dimensional Interactive Application)

1980‘s - Development of the home PC, and software packages.1985 - Alias releases ALIAS1 animation & SFX software1988 - SurfCAM 1.0 is released to the fabrication industry

1990‘s - Finally an acceptance of CAD in the architectural community1997 - FOG Guggenheim Bilbao1998 - AliasWavfront releases MAYA

2000‘s - First mainstream project from architects employing the full potential of CAM.


Facts:

1. CAD and CAM were developed by large-scale industry for their own use.

2. CAD was not accepted for use in Architecture industry until 30 years after its inception.

3. Cutting edge architects are using digital design and fabrication technology in developing their projects. The combination of these technologies returns the architect to the role as both builder and as a part of the fabrication/construction team > the master builder


Conclusions:

This move to regain control of both the creative AND the constructive process can be assisted through the use of CNC fabrication machines. By giving the designer greater and more direct control over the fabrication process, the architect resumes an important role within the PRODUCTION part of the DESIGN CYCLE.


The Design and Production cycle:



As a designer you are given a problem:

-You analyse the requirements & limitations

- Formulate a design strategy

- Begin to design based on all known parameters from your analysis



- Modeling and SCRIPT development




- Pattern, ornament, or form GENERATION





- REFINEMENT for manufacturing






- CAM INTERPRETATION for the machine(s)







- G-Code OUTPUT







- G-Code OUTPUT

- CNC MANUFACTURING



- SCRIPT

- GENERATION

- REFINEMENT

- INTERPRETATION

- OUTPUT

- MANUFACTURING



- SCRIPT

- GENERATION

- REFINEMENT

- INTERPRETATION

- OUTPUT

- MANUFACTURING

This output iks very useful for overall evaluation of the appropriateness of the design response.



- SCRIPT

- GENERATION

- REFINEMENT

- INTERPRETATION

- OUTPUT

- MANUFACTURING


The output may be a PROTOTYPE which can be evaluated and used to refine the generation of the design.



- SCRIPT

- GENERATION

- REFINEMENT

- INTERPRETATION

- OUTPUT

- MANUFACTURING



The output can also be used to evaluate the efficiency of the fabrication process, and allow for changes in the overall manufacturing methodology.



- SCRIPT

- GENERATION

- REFINEMENT

- INTERPRETATION

- OUTPUT

- MANUFACTURING



The output can also be used to evaluate the efficiency of the fabrication process, and allow for changes in the overall manufacturing methodology.

The end goal is to produce well designed + efficient products. The inclusion of digital design and CNC fabrication only allow for an acceleration in the process, and an increase in control to the designer.


Why use CAM in Architecture:



Efficiency

- Automation, and commercial / cost advantages.

- Repetition and time savings.

- Rapid prototyping.



Efficiency

- Automation, and commercial / cost advantages.

- Repetition and time savings.

- Rapid prototyping.

Kas Oosterhuis



Efiiciency

Complexity

- Able to quickly manufacture very complex forms.

- Ability to manufacture single forms that traditionally would have been made in pieces.

- Ability to scale items precisely, and use scale testing.



Efficiency

Complexity

Customization

- Able to use parametric design to create large runs of different pieces

- Automating both the generative process and the manufacturing

- Able to produce ‚distinct‘ modular components.

- costs of Mass Customisation COULD be approximately the same as standardized construction.



Efficiency

Complexity

Customization



Efficiency

Complexity

Customization

These three advantages affect both the possibilities for design and the capabilites of the output.

PARAMETRIC DESIGN and CNC FABRICATION is the basis for MASS CUSTOMIZATION


CAM in Architecture:

Developments in technology specifically taget the issue of ineficiencies of labour:

For Architecture, a succesful new technology must target:

- time the design process

- efficiency in the fabrication process

- simplicity the construction process








By using digital and CNC technologies, the architect is able to re-visit many facets of architecture that have been lost to the proffession for reasons of efficiency, simplicity, and standardization.


By using this technology the architect is able to re-visit many facets of architecture that have been lost to the proffession for reasons of efficiency, simplicity, and standardization.

Efficiency, Complexity, & Customization

Ornament, as an architectural embelishment, has been lost due in part to the mechanization and industrialization of architectural componants, and in part due to modernism and its „simple“ aesthetic. The interesting issue for this course then is the use of digital technologies to allow for a re-incorporation of ornament within architecture. Ornament that is efficient, complex, and customized for the specific application.








By using this technology the architect is able to re-visit many facets of architecture that have been lost to the proffession for reasons of efficiency, simplicity, and standardization.

Efficiency, Complexity, & Customization

Ornament, as an architectural embelishment, has been lost due in part to the mechanization and industrialization of architectural componants, and in part due to modernism and its „simple“ aesthetic. The interesting issue for this course then is the use of digital technologies to allow for a re-incorporation of ornament within architecture. Ornament that is efficient, complex, and customized for the specific application.

In the end, this technology is not an overall solution to design problems, but should be seen as a tool that can be employed by the architect to enhance thier role and control over design.








CONCLUSIONS:


CONCLUSIONS:- Architecture was at one time synonymous with the developments of technology.

- Modernization > The removal of the architect from the building process.

- Architecture is now a late adoptor of technology and marginal investor in advanced research.

- Architecture typically adopts technology developed by other large industrial design professions

- Computers have now entered the mainstream of architecture, although the typical office still only uses them for creating construction documents.

- It took 30 years for the mainstream adoption of CAD into Architecture

- CAM was first introduced in the 1970s.

- CAM is being used by the avant guard of architecture to create forms and theories based on a contemporary understanding of current technology from other fields.

- CAM is becomming more affordable and widespread. It will eventually become another tool for the everyday practice of architecture.


Documents

Amorphous ornament – CAAD, Milling course WS04