An Overview of

the Cold War

Bell Ringer: Finish Cold War Atlas

Work during CNN. 10 Minutes

Post WWII

• Allies emerged victorious but at a horrible price.

• Fifty million lives lost.

• European landscape devastated.

• Bombs laid waste to large portion of continent.

• Only shells of buildings left in major cities.

Superpower Nations Emerge

• USSR and USA “fight” for supremacy

• USSR has puppet governments throughout Eastern Europe

• USA briefly occupies conquered nations but leaves them to self-rule.

• Both nations have enough weapons to destroy the planet. (Mutually Assured Destruction) MAD

After World War II the Cold War began and caused tension

throughout the world.• Politics caused tension:• The USA was a market

economy with a democracy.

• The USSR was a command economy with communism government.

• Both wanted to be the most powerful nation in the world.

Germany is Divided• Germany had been ruled by

Hitler and the Nazis until their defeat in 1945.

• It became split.• The western side

became West Germany. (democratic)

• East Germany became another communist country under USSR influence.

Post-War GermanyPost-War Germany

After World War II, the world changed!

• Many countries became communist after World War II including:

- Czechoslovakia (1948)- Poland (1947)- Hungary (1947)- China (1949)- Cuba (1959)- North Korea (1945)

Nuclear tensions

• The USA had shown its atomic power when it exploded the A-bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War 2.

• The USSR was also developing atomic weapons/bombs.

• The USA and the USSR were in competition with each other to have the best, most powerful weapons in the world – this was called the Arms Race.

The Arms Race:The Arms Race:A “Missile A “Missile

Gap?”Gap?”} The Soviet The Soviet Union Union exploded its exploded its first A-bomb in first A-bomb in 1949.1949.

} Now there Now there were two were two nuclear nuclear superpowers!superpowers!

Cold War?• The tension and rivalry between the USA

and the USSR was described as the Cold War (1945-1990).

• There was never a real war between the two sides between 1945 and 1990, but they were often very close to war .

• Result? Both sides got involved in other conflicts in the world to either stop the spread of communism (USA) or help the spread communism (USSR).

The domino effect• The USA was very worried that the

USSR’s influence over some European countries was making the USSR and communism more powerful.

• The USA did not want communism to spread any further – they were worried about the domino effect.

After Stalin? Premier After Stalin? Premier Nikita KhrushchevNikita Khrushchev

““About the capitalist About the capitalist states, it doesn't states, it doesn't depend on you depend on you whether we whether we (Soviet Union) exist.(Soviet Union) exist.

If you don't like us, If you don't like us, don't accept our don't accept our invitations, and don'tinvitations, and don'tinvite us to come invite us to come to see you. Whether you like it our not, to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on our side. history is on our side. We will bury youWe will bury you.” .” -- 1956 -- 1956

De-Stalinization De-Stalinization ProgramProgram

Tensions Rose Further:

Result?

The Berlin Wall 1961