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ANAEROBIC Digestion - ESE Solutions...ANAEROBIC Digestion naerobic digestion is a process that occurs naturally when organic waste decomposes in the absence of oxygen. Bacteria converts

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Page 1: ANAEROBIC Digestion - ESE Solutions...ANAEROBIC Digestion naerobic digestion is a process that occurs naturally when organic waste decomposes in the absence of oxygen. Bacteria converts
Page 2: ANAEROBIC Digestion - ESE Solutions...ANAEROBIC Digestion naerobic digestion is a process that occurs naturally when organic waste decomposes in the absence of oxygen. Bacteria converts

© Copyright quasar energy group 2013

ANAEROBIC Digestion

© Copyright quasar energy group 2013

naerobic digestion is a process that occurs naturally when organic waste decomposes in the absence of oxygen. Bacteria converts the material to biogas which is approximately 60% methane. This biogas is used to generate electricity, heat, natural gas, or motor vehicle fuel (biomethane). The material that remains is used as a low-cost high-value soil amendment.

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© Copyright quasar energy group 2013 © Copyright quasar energy group 2013

• Renewable energy – natural

gas, electricity, motor vehicle fuel (CNG/LNG)

• Animal bedding, peat

alternative and compost • Concentrated fertilizer with

capacity for (P) separation • Reduced greenhouse gas

emissions, cleaner air, soil and water

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ANAEROBIC Digestion – Outputs

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© Copyright quasar energy group 2013 4

Germany’s land mass as compared to that of the United States.

Germany, which has the largest installed base of solar and the third largest installed base of wind gets 1more renewable energy from organic materials than wind and solar combined. In 2011, Germany had approximately 6,800 biogas facilities generating 2,300 MW of electricity. That’s the equivalent of 2207,300 gge per hour. 1.7 billion gallons of renewable fuel per year! Germany is approximately the size of Montana. REFERENCES:

1. Renewable Energy World: Integrating Anaerobic Digestion into our Culture Part 2 2. Assumptions: 3,412,142 BTU=1MW, Standard Electric Generator Efficiency – 33.2%, 114,000 BTU = 1gge

POTENTIAL the German Industry

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© Copyright quasar energy group 2013

U. S. INDUSTRY Current Snapshot

• 1192 anaerobic digester systems are operating at commercial livestock farms in the United States.

• These systems have the ability to generate more than 66 MW of electricity each hour.

• The average U.S. system creates enough biogas to operate a 350 kW rated generator.

• The U.S. AD industry is about 3% the size of the German industry.

REFERENCES: 1. AgSTAR Website: Operating Anaerobic Digestion Projects Note: The AgSTAR database only tracks agricultural anaerobic digestion projects

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1 AgSTAR Map of Operational Digester Systems

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NY INDUSTRY Potential

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POTENTIAL IN NEW YORK STATE New York is third in the U.S. for milk production. The Innovation Center for US Dairy ranks New York among the top 10 largest dairy states and notes that the state has high organic substrate availability – making it optimal for deployment of anaerobic digestion technology. 1

There are currently 26 anaerobic digesters operating at commercial livestock farms in New York.

1. Innovation Center for US Dairy National Market Value of Anaerobic Digester Products 2. Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

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NY INDUSTRY Types of Anaerobic Digesters

Complete Mix: Number in New York: 9 A complete mix digester is sealed, mixed and heated utilizing less than 10% of the energy produced from the system itself. Typically biomass is introduced into the digester with 3% to 15% solids that are pumpable with COD concentrations of approximately 150,000.

quasar currently has 2 anaerobic digesters under construction in the Buffalo and Niagara areas of New York.

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quasar facility in Rutland, Massachusetts

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© Copyright quasar energy group 2013

NY INDUSTRY Types of Anaerobic Digesters

Covered Lagoon: Number in New York: 6 An earthen lagoon with a cover to contain and facilitate collection of biogas; the least expensive type of digester to install and operate. It is also the least controlled system with the lowest gas production. In northern climates, there may be no gas production in cold weather. They are best suited for flush manure collection systems with total solids of 0.5% to 3%. 1

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Plug Flow: Number in New York: 11 Long, rectangular concrete tanks with an air-tight cover where manure flows in one end and out the other. The tank is typically heated, often using recovered heat from the biogas burner. Plug flow digesters require 11% to 13% total solids in the manure and work well with scraped dairy manure. 1

1. Innovation Center for US Dairy National Market Value of Anaerobic Digester Products.

Emerling Farm. Photo: Cornell University

RCM International, LLC

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© Copyright quasar energy group 2013

BIOMASS INPUTS

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TYPES OF ORGANIC RESIDUALS: • Food Processing Residuals • Manure • Energy Crops & Spent Grains • Biobased Oils & Lubricants • FOG (fats, oils & grease) • Waste Water Treatment Sludge • Personal Care Products

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• Ethanol and Biodiesel processing residuals • Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) • Expired, damaged or off-spec consumer goods • Packaged Organics (depackaging technology) • Crop Residuals • Glycerin & Stillage • Whey • Sugar Water

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OPPORTUNITY How do we change?

LIABILITY: In 2010 about 250 million tons of municipal solid waste was generated – organic substrates accounted for 14% – the single largest component of MSW reaching landfills and incinerators. Less than 3% or 970,000 tons was recovered and recycled in 2010. 1

Can generators capture this material efficiently and cost effectively to improve operations and the environment?

1. US EPA Website http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm

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FOOD WASTE Potential for Anaerobic Digestion

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In 2010, about 33.8 million tons of commercial organic substrate were discarded in landfills or incinerators.

In the same year, annual supermarket losses averaged 11.4% for fresh fruit, 9.7% for fresh vegetables and 4.5% for meat, poultry and seafood. Commercial and processed/manufacturing organic substrate available for digester use is estimated at 21.4 million tons in 2010 and expected to grow to 24.2 million tons by 2020.1

Product1 Per Capita Retail Losses (lbs/person)

Organic Substrate Tonnage

Vegetables 22.2 3,079,273

Fruit 19 2,635,414

Cane/Beet Sugar 6.9 957,071

Total Fats 17.8 2,468,967

All Milks 21.3 2,954,438

Dairy Products 28.8 3,994,733

Grains 23.3 3,231,850

Salad & Cooking Oils 10.9 1,511,895

Other Edible Fats Oils 0.1 13,871

Honey & Syrup 2 277,412

Corn Sweeteners 7.2 998,683

Meat Poultry Eggs Fish 12.2 1,692,213

Total 171.7 23,815,819

1. Innovation Center for US Dairy. , National Market Value of Anaerobic Digester Products – information from Research Service (ERS) /USDA; Informa Economics

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© Copyright quasar energy group 2013 12

CO-DIGESTION Challenges & Considerations

Contamination: • Anything not organic in nature: plastic, metal,

glass, sand, etc. - essentially anything not included in original sample

• Addition operating costs necessary for accumulation of inorganic material in the ADS

• Result: damaged receiving equipment, unscheduled maintenance on tanks and pumps

Wax-coated cardboard

Plastic, straw, wood and cardboard

Limitations: • Digester cannot accept petroleum based

products, biomass sources with metal, plastic, paper, or glass contamination, or sources with heavy metals

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© Copyright quasar energy group 2013

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Community Collaboration URBAN DIGESTER

Grand Opening Collaborators: Major collaborators from July 2012 event in Cleveland, Ohio

Urban Anaerobic Digestion: Cleveland, Ohio Project Information: The long-empty site of the former General Motors Fisher Body Plant in Collinwood, Ohio, takes on a new life as the home of a renewable energy facility, powered by Cleveland area businesses. quasar energy group and Forest City Enterprises have partnered to build a 1.3 Megawatt waste-to-energy plant that recycles organic residuals from regional businesses like Pierre’s Ice Cream Company and produces electricity that will be sold to Cleveland Public Power. We’re harnessing the energy of local partnerships and further developing the city’s efforts to move toward a green economy. The project was funded, in part, through the Ohio Department of Development’s ARRA State Energy Program.

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SOLUTIONS Digester Ready Waste Streams

q uasar is developing technology with InSinkErator that will allow us to accept and process contaminate-free AD-ready waste streams from:

• food manufacturers

• cafeterias

• restaurants

• hospitals

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The technology is featured at quasar’s Wooster, Ohio Facility. The system is self-feeding and operates with very low or no water. The ground slurry is transported to the digester by closed tankers that cost 75% less than the open-top solids trailers and are odor-free.

• hotels

• supermarkets

• colleges & universities

• sports venues

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© Copyright quasar energy group 2012 © Copyright quasar energy group 2012

TECHNOLOGY Operating Lessons Learned

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C ontaminated waste streams leave residual particles (or grit) in the biomass tank. Over time, these particles collect at the bottom of the tank and can impede the digester’s performance. Regularly scheduled grit removal resolves this issue. • Pre-grinding the material at the customer site

will eliminate this time consuming step – reducing disposal costs.

Regularly Scheduled Grit Removal

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CO-DIGESTION Solutions – Case Study

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The Blackwell Inn and Conference Center at The Ohio State University

• Diverts 80 to 85% of its organic waste from the landfill for about the same cost as disposing of all materials as trash

• Reduces collections from 22 times a week to 7 times a week

• Diverts approximately 20 tons a month from the landfill

• Food material is ground by an InSinkErator unit

• Materials are taken to an anaerobic digester operated by quasar energy group

• Organics are used to generate electricity, natural gas and motor vehicle fuel and sold back to The Ohio State University as well as organic fertilizer applied to some of their 5,000 acres at OARDC

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© Copyright quasar energy group 2013

CO-DIGESTION Solutions – Case Study

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Sustainable Improvements: The Cleveland Indians

• The Cleveland Indians have cut the amount of waste going to the landfill in half over 4 years

• In 2012, the organization sent approximately 60 tons of food waste to a compost facility

• Going forward, it is estimated that they will be able to recycle 80 to 100 tons of food waste through quasar’s more efficient waste management and transportation system and InSinkErator’s macerating technology

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Depackaging equipment presents a new opportunity to capture organic materials from products with recyclable packaging such as:

• wax-coated cardboard • glass bottles • aluminum cans • plastic bottles, wrappers & containers

Depackaging equipment in quasar’s Zanesville, Ohio, facility

CO-DIGESTION Solutions – Depackaging

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© Copyright quasar energy group 2013

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A naerobic digestion changes waste management from a liability to an opportunity, allowing businesses to meet zero waste goals while building their brands’ sustainability image.

VALUE PROPOSITION Liability vs. Opportunity

1. A New Era of Sustainability: UN Global Compact, Accenture, 2010 2. Waste Management, Inc.

70-80% of Fortune 500 companies have launched zero waste policies2

93% of CEOs said successfully addressing sustainability issues will be critical to the future success of their businesses1

Companies see increased market share and improved profits, while meeting

growing client and government demands for more socially responsible

business practices

BRAND EQUITY

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VALUE PROPOSITION Environmental Impact

Reduce carbon equivalent emissions1: Sending 20 million tons of organic substrate (6% of annual U.S. landfill dumping) to digesters can remove the carbon-equivalent emissions of over 3.2 million automobiles. Reduced methane emissions1: 38% of landfill methane is emitted directly into the air, making the diversion of organic substrates from landfills to digesters the largest single environmental benefit of digester use.

1. Innovation Center for US Dairy National Market Value of Anaerobic Digester Products

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© Copyright quasar energy group 2013

A naerobic digestion provides a cost-effective solution for companies that are subject to rate fluctuations of traditional forms of disposal technology

VALUE PROPOSITION Costs

• Landfill tipping fees in New York average $44/ton, and can be as high as $125/ton.

• The cost per ton to transport material is lower in New York and New Jersey, compared to other states, because payloads are larger.

• Municipal and regional WWTP rates are increasing with little or no input from the communities they serve. You can control your costs.

• Anaerobic digestion allows you to negotiate long-term rates and eliminates expensive and energy-intensive pretreatment processes.

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Anaerobic digesters qualify to generate RINs (renewable identification numbers) under EPA’s Renewable Fuels Standard 2 (RFS2) Program when biogas is used to produce renewable fuel for transportation. Approved digester feedstocks under the program include biosolids, manure, septage and gray water. EPA is considering adding food waste to this list.

ENERGY EPA Renewable Fuels Standard 2

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© Copyright quasar energy group 2012 © Copyright quasar energy group 2012

TIPS Collaborate with Regulators

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N avigating regulatory challenges for digester projects should be approached like developing a new partnership – embrace the regulators, don’t avoid them.

• Most agencies don’t know how to regulate anaerobic digesters.

• Our first air permit approval from Ohio EPA took 18 months.

• OEPA has now developed a general air permit for anaerobic digesters with approvals issued in 15 days!

• We use a collaborative approach to familiarize the agency with our technology by openly communicating, encouraging rule changes, regularly meeting with district leadership, and inviting regulators on facility tours.

Ohio EPA Director Scott Nally October 2012 – Director Nally makes remarks at quasar’s CNG Fueling Station Open House in Columbus, Ohio.

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A naerobic digestion impacts America’s food processing companies, waste water treatment plants, farmers, manufacturing plants, public and private vehicle fleets, electric and natural gas utilities, and consumers who benefit from all of these activities. Anaerobic digestion is the starting point for sustainable solutions with economic benefits that will affect every American.

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION The Big Picture Impact

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quasar energy group 7624 Riverview Road Cleveland, OH 44141 (216) 986-9999 www.quasarenergygroup.com