ANALISA KECELAKAAN KERJA PADA HAULING ROAD

DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HUMAN FACTOR

ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (HFACS) DAN

5WHYS

(Studi Kasus Pada PT Kalimantan Prima Persada Jobsite SPUT

Kalimantan Selatan)

Skripsi

Diajukan Kepada Universitas Muhamdiyah Malang

Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan Akademik

Dalam Menyelesaikan Program Sarjana Teknik

Disusun Oleh:

INTAN PRATIWI WULANDARI

201210140311105

JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMADIYAH MALANG

2017

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI

ANALISA KECELAKAAN KERJA PADA HAULING ROAD

DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HUMAN FACTOR

ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (HFACS) DAN

5WHYS

(Studi Kasus Pada PT Kalimantan Prima Persada Jobsite SPUT

Kalimantan Selatan)

Disusun Oleh :

INTAN PRATIWI WULANDARI

201210140311105

Menyetujui dan Mengesahkan :

Malang, Febuari 2017

Dosen Pembimbing I Dosen Pembimbing II

Shanty Kusuma Dewi, S.T., M.T. Dian Palupi Restu PutriS.T., M.T.

Mengetahui,

Ketua Jurusan Teknik Industri

Iliyas Mas’udin, S.T., M.Log., S.cm., Ph.D.

KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb

Alhamdulllahirobbil ‘Alamin, puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah

melimpahkan rahmat, taufiq dan hidayah-Nya. Sholawat serta salam selalu tercurah kepada

Rosulullah Muhammad SAW, sehingga penyusun dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir dengan

judul “Analisa Kecelakaan Kerja pada Hauling Road Menggunakan Metode HFACS (Human

Factor Analysis and Classification System) dan 5 Whys (Studi Kasus Pada PT Kalimantan

Prima Persada Jobsite SPUT Kalimantan Selatan)”.

.” Sebagai syarat untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan Strata 1 Jurusan Teknik Industri

Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Dalam penyusunan laporan tugas akhir ini, tentunya tidak lepas dari bantuan dan

dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu pada kesempatan ini penulis ingin mengucapkan

rasa terima kasih kepada :

1. Allah SWT, karena telah memberikan kesehatan, pengetahuan dan ilmu, serta kekuatan

mental dalam mengerjakan skripsi.

2. Orang tua yang selalu memberikan dukungan dan doa serta biaya selama kuliah ini,

terimakasih sebesar-besarnya beliau adalah orang tua paling luar biasa.

3. Bapak Ilyas Mas’udin ST.,M.Log.,Scm.,Ph.D selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Industri

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Terimakasih sudah mau berbagi ilmu, dan

memberikan arahan serta semangat menempuh kuliah dan ssesudah selesai menempuh

kuliah.

4. Ibu Shanty Kusuma Dewi ST., MT selaku dosen pembimbing I yang bersedia

meluangkan waktu untuk memberikan bimbingan dan arahan dalam penyusunan Skripsi

ini. Terimakasih atas ilmu ilmu yang telah diberikan.

5. Ibu Dian Palupi Restu Putri ST., MT selaku dosen pembimbing II yang senantiasa

membimbing dan mengarahkan serta memberikan saran tentang berlangsungnya

pengerjakan skripsi ini.

6. Segenap Dosen Jurusan Teknik Industri Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang atas segala

bimbingan dan arahannya

7. Keluarga tercinta, saudara serta teman-teman tercinta yang selalu memberikan dorongan

dengan selalu bertanya “kapan kelar dan kapan nikah?” ini memberikan motivasi untuk

saya hahaha.

8. Kepada keluarga PT KALIMANTAN PRIMA PERSADA JOBSITE SPUT yang setia

membimbing selama pengambilan data disana.

Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan Skripsi ini masih jauh dari

kesempurnaan. Untuk itu dengan segala kerendahan hati penulis menerima segala saran dan

kritik yang bersifat membangun.

Harapan penulis, semoga Skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat terutama bagi penulis sendiri

khususnya, serta memberika hikmah dan ide bagi pembacanya.

Wassalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.

Malang, Febuari 2017

Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Judul

Lembar Pengesahan Skripsi

Lembar Asistensi Skripsi

Berita Acara Ujian

Surat pernyataan Keaslian

Surat Keterangan Pengambilan Data dari Perusahaan

Kata Pengantar............ .................................................................................... i

Abstrak ............................ ............................................................................... iii

Abstract................... ........................................................................................ iv

Daftar Isi.......... ............................................................................................... v

Daftar Tabel............. ....................................................................................... vii

Daftar Gambar............... ................................................................................. ix

Daftar Lampiran ............ ................................................................................. xi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian ................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah Penelitian .............................................................. 2

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................ 2

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................. 2

1.5 Batasan Masalah Penelitian ................................................................ 3

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI

2.1 Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja ..................................................... 4

2.2 Kecelakaan Kerja ............................................................................... 5

2.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja .................... 5

2.4 Human Error ....................................................................................... 7

2.5 Pendekatan Human Error ................................................................... 8

2.6 Sebab-sebab Human Error ................................................................. 9

2.7 Teknik Analisis Human Error ............................................................ 10

2.8 HFACS (Human Factor Analysis and Classification System) ........... 11

2.11 Metode 5whys .................................................................................. 21

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

3.1 Waktu Pelaksanaan Penelitian ............................................................ 24

3.2 Studi Lapangan .................................................................................. 24

3.3 Studi Pustaka ....................................................................................... 24

3.4 Metode Pengumpulan Data ................................................................. 24

3.5 Klasifikasi Kecelakaan Berdasarkan Level ........................................ 24

3.6 Analisa Hasil HFACS ......................................................................... 28

3.7 Analisa dengan 5whys ......................................................................... 29

3.8 Kesimpulan dan Saran ........................................................................ 30

BAB IV PENGUMPULAN DAN PENGOLAHAN DATA

4.1 Tinjauan Perusahaan ........................................................................... 31

4.2 Proses Operasi .................................................................................... 31

4.3 Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................. 32

4.3.1 Data Kecelakaan ................................................................. 32

4.3.2 Data Penyebab Kecelakaan ................................................ 33

4.4 Pengolahan Data ................................................................................. 35

4.4.1 Pelevelan Data Penyebab Kecelakaan………………………....36

4.4.2 Metode 5whys………………………………………………….97

BAB V ANALISA PEMBAHASAN

5.1 Analisa Pelevelan Insiden.................................................................. 102

5.2 Analisa Hasil Dari Metode 5whys ......................................................113

BAB VI PENUTUP

6.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................... 115

6.2 Saran.................... ............................................................................... 115

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Penjelasan Insiden berdasarkan Level ............................................ 18

Tabel 2.2 Frekuensi dan Prosentase Sub Faktor pada Setiap Kejadian .......... 20

Tabel 3.1 Insiden Berdasarkan Level ............................................................. 28

Tabel 3.2 Frekuensi dan Prosentase ............................................................... 29

Tabel 3.3 Penelusuran Akar Penyebab ........................................................... 30

Tabel 4.1 Data Kecelakaan pada Perusahaan ................................................. 32

Tabel 4.2 Data Penyebab Kecelakaan Kerja ................................................... 33

Tabel 4.3 Accident 1....................................................................................... 39

Tabel 4.4 Accident 2 ....................................................................................... 40

Tabel 4.5 Accident 3 ....................................................................................... 41

Tabel 4.6 Accident 4 ....................................................................................... 42

Tabel 4.7 Accident 5 ....................................................................................... 42

Tabel 4.8 Accident 6 ....................................................................................... 43

Tabel 4.9 Accident 7 ....................................................................................... 44

Tabel 4.10 Accident 8 ..................................................................................... 45

Tabel 4.11 Accident 9 ..................................................................................... 46

Tabel 4.12 Accident 10 ................................................................................... 46

Tabel 4.13 Accident 11 ................................................................................... 47

Tabel 4.14 Accident 12 ................................................................................... 48

Tabel 4.15 Accident 13 ................................................................................... 49

Tabel 4.16 Accident 14 ................................................................................... 49

Tabel 4.17 Accident 15 ................................................................................... 50

Tabel 4.18 Accident 16 ................................................................................... 51

Tabel 4.19 Accident 17 ................................................................................... 52

Tabel 4.20 Accident 18 ................................................................................... 53

Tabel 4.21 Accident 19 ................................................................................... 54

Tabel 4.22 Accident 20 ................................................................................... 54

Tabel 4.23 Accident 21 ................................................................................... 55

Tabel 4.24 Accident 22 ................................................................................... 56

Tabel 4.25 Accident 23 ................................................................................... 56

Tabel 4.26 Accident 24 ................................................................................... 57

Tabel 4.27 Accident 25 ................................................................................... 58

Tabel 4.28 Accident 26 ................................................................................... 59

Tabel 4.29 Accident 27 ................................................................................... 60

Tabel 4.30 Accident 28 ................................................................................... 60

Tabel 4.31 Accident 29 ................................................................................... 61

Tabel 4.32 Accident 30 ................................................................................... 62

Tabel 4.33 Accident 31 ................................................................................... 62

Tabel 4.34 Accident 32 ................................................................................... 63

Tabel 4.35 Accident 33 ................................................................................... 64

Tabel 4.36 Accident 34 ................................................................................... 65

Tabel 4.37 Accident 35 ................................................................................... 65

Tabel 4.38 Accident 36 ................................................................................... 66

Tabel 4.39 Accident 37 ................................................................................... 67

Tabel 4.40 Accident 38 ................................................................................... 68

Tabel 4.41 Accident 39 ................................................................................... 69

Tabel 4.42 Accident 40 ................................................................................... 70

Tabel 4.43 Accident 41 ................................................................................... 71

Tabel 4.44 Accident 42 ................................................................................... 72

Tabel 4.45 Accident 43 ................................................................................... 73

Tabel 4.46 Accident 44 ................................................................................... 74

Tabel 4.47 Accident 45 ................................................................................... 74

Tabel 4.48 Accident 46 ................................................................................... 75

Tabel 4.49 Accident 47 ................................................................................... 76

Tabel 4.50 Accident 48 ................................................................................... 77

Tabel 4.51 Accident 49 ................................................................................... 78

Tabel 4.52 Accident 50 ................................................................................... 79

Tabel 4.53 Accident 51 ................................................................................... 80

Tabel 4.54 Accident 52 ................................................................................... 81

Tabel 4.55 Accident 53 ................................................................................... 82

Tabel 4.56 Accident 54 ................................................................................... 82

Tabel 4.57 Accident 55 ................................................................................... 83

Tabel 4.58 Accident 56 ................................................................................... 84

Tabel 4.59 Accident 57 ................................................................................... 85

Tabel 4.60 Accident 58 ................................................................................... 85

Tabel 4.61 Accident 59 ................................................................................... 86

Tabel 4.62 Accident 60 ................................................................................... 87

Tabel 4.63 Accident 61 ................................................................................... 87

Tabel 4.64 Accident 62 ................................................................................... 88

Tabel 4.65 Accident 63 ................................................................................... 89

Tabel 4.66 Accident 64 ................................................................................... 90

Tabel 4.67 Accident 65 ................................................................................... 90

Tabel 4.68 Accident 66 ................................................................................... 91

Tabel 4.69 Accident 67 ................................................................................... 92

Tabel 4.70 Accident 68 ................................................................................... 93

Tabel 4.71 Accident 69 ................................................................................... 94

Tabel 4.72 Accident 70 ................................................................................... 95

Tabel 4.73 Accident 71 ................................................................................... 95

Tabel 4.74 Total Perhitungan Dari Semua Level............................................ 96

Tabel 4.75 Penelusuran Akar Penyebab Decission Error .............................. 98

Tabel 4.76 Penelusuran Akar Penyebab Physical Environment ..................... 98

Tabel 4.77 Penelusuran Akar Penyebab Supervisiory Violations ................... 99

Tabel 4.78 Penelusuran Akar Penyebab Failled to Correct Problem ............ 99

Tabel 4.79 Penelusuran Akar Penyebab Resource Management.................... 100

Tabel 4.80 Penelusuran Akar Penyebab Organizational Process .................. 100

Tabel 5.1 Menabrak Belakang DT .................................................................. 103

Tabel 5.2 Terguling ......................................................................................... 104

Tabel 5.3 Warga Menyebrang Sembarangan .................................................. 104

Tabel 5.4 Unit Naik Ke Tanggul..................................................................... 105

Tabel 5.5 Menabrak Tronton Lain .................................................................. 106

Tabel 5.6 Terguling ......................................................................................... 106

Tabel 5.7 Terguling ......................................................................................... 107

Tabel 5.8 Terguling ......................................................................................... 107

Tabel 5.9 Unit Terbakar .................................................................................. 108

Tabel 5.10 Menabrak Tanggul ........................................................................ 109

Tabel 5.11 Terguling ....................................................................................... 109

Tabel 5.12 Terbalik ......................................................................................... 110

Tabel 5.13 Mengantuk .................................................................................... 110

Tabel 5.14 Menabrak Tanggul Karena Mengantuk ........................................ 111

Tabel 5.15 Tronton Bermuatan Menabrak Trintin Tanpa Muatan Karena

Sopir Mengantuk .......................................................................... 112

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Gambar SwissCheese Model ...................................................... 18

Gambar 2.2 Gambar Kesalahan Manusia Pada Empat Tingkat Kegagalan.... 20

Gambar 2.3 Gambar Analisa 5whys................................................................ 22

Gambar 4.1 Gambar Proses Operasi ............................................................... 31

Gambar 4.2 Gambar Diagram Total Nilai ...................................................... 97

Gambar 5.1 Gambar Diagram Total Setiap Penyebab .................................... 102

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Afi, Yafis, 2007, Kelalaian Manusia Dalam Kecelakaan Penerbangan , Studi

Menggunakan Swiss Cheese model

http://www.digilib.itb.ac.id /files.disk1/617/jbptitbpp-gdl-yafisafini-30820-3-2007ta-

2.pdf

Atkinson, A. 1998, Human Error in The Management of Building Projects.

Construction Management and Economics, 16, pp. 339-349

Djatmiko, Riswan D, 2016, Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, 1st ed, Yogjakarta,

Deepublish

Fahd, Mohammad dkk, 2014, ‘Analisis Kecelakaan Kerja dengan Menggunakan

Metode Human Factor and Classification System (HFACS) dan 5whys di Divisi

Stamping PT. Mekar Armada Jaya’,

http://202.0.107.5/index.php/lkk/article/view/12316/5794

Heinrich, Herbert W, 1931, ‘Industrial Accident Prevention: A Scientific

Approach’California , Mc Graw-Hill Book Company.

Mathis, Robert L, Jackson, John H, 2010. Human Resource Management. Cengage

Learning.

P.K. Suma’mur, 1981. Kesehatan Kerja dan Pencegahan Kecelakaan, Jakarta.

Indonesia

Rasmussen, J. (1987), ‘The Definition of Human Error and a Taxonomy for Technical

Systems Design’ in J. Ramussen, K. Duncan and J. Laplat, ed New Technical and

Human Error. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons

Ridley, John, 2003, Ikhtisar Kesehatan dan Keselamtan Kerja, 3rd ed. Terjemahan

oleh Soni Astranto. 2006. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Reason, J. (1990). Human Error, Cambridge University Press

Reason, J. (1997). Managing The Risk of Organization Accidents. Ashgate Publishing

Company.

Ridley, John, 2004, Ikhtisar Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja, 3rd ed, Jakarta,

Erlangga

Simanjuntak, Payaman J, 1994. Manajemen Keselamatan Kerja, HIPSMI, Jakarta.

Senders, John W, Moray N. 1991. Human Error: Cause, Prediction and Reduction:

Analysis and Synthesis.Italy.pp.81 – 85.

Wianjani, Dita (2010). Analisa Kualitatif Gubungan Antara Risiko Keselamatan

Kerja Dengan Kejadian Kecelakaan Kerja Yang Telah Terjadi Pada Pekerja di Unit

Shedder Facility PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk.

Woods, D. D., Johannesen, L., Cook, R., N. Sarter (1994) Behind Human Error:

Cognitive Systems, Computers and Hindsight. Wright Patterson Air Force Base,

Dayton, O.H: CSERIAC