• Analyze the economic and political decisions of President Adams from 1797-1801

• Analyze the Political significance of the Virginia Resolution during the Adams Presidency and beyond in American History

• Sets another unwritten precedent (only 1 will break it)

• Federalists will weaken after GW’s Presidency– Dem Reps will have

their 2nd Revolution soon

• Adams = 1st place– Federalist

• Jefferson = 2nd place– Dem-Rep– TJ glad he lost…

• Prez & VP enemies– Not friends anymore– Relationship will get

worse• 2nd “revolution” will

happen for TJ

• But JA is VERY qualified for Pres…– “Atlas of the Rev”

• JA = “GW Term 3”• JA will see the Fed

Party pretty much “die”

• Bright, noble, middle class ↑

• Sword , Penguin, silly temper, gadfly not GW…

• Thoughtful & has good intentions

• Saw big picture well but not small picture

• Moderate– Wants everyone to

be on the same team…

– President and scales• Sticks to his guns

and faces criticism

a. Why? What’s wrong?– over Jay’s Treaty of 1794

• USA sided with GB

– over Treaty of Alliance of 1778!!

• Adams about to be pushed into a delicate foreign policy mess

• Adams sends 3 US officials to France to negotiate

• How do the talks go?

• And tell Adams what happened

• Who else wants to know what happened?

• What does Adams do?– JA gives Congress

the entire story of the negotiations

– Agents called “W, X, Y and Z”

• Kinda…–Congress = to be informed –Americans find out...then what?

• Patriotism is up!!!• Why is this a problem?

4a. USA and Francenow in a Quasi-War

• Neither formally declare war• A few naval battles in Caribbean• Who doesn’t like the war?

‒ Dem-Reps

• Builds….– Adams

called the Father of the US Navy

• Fighting takes place in Caribbean and our navy kicks French butt– Little kid on the playground gets respect

1. Federalists and Hamilton told Adams to create a standing army– Adams doesn’t want to!– Will have to raise taxes to

fund the army– Whig Ideology and

standing armies?

2. JA hears rumors of spies and French Invasion…so…...

• Naturalization (5 to 14 to be citizen)• Alien Enemies (any male citizens of France in

the USA can be deported)• Alien Friends (any non-citizen suspected of

plotting against gov can be deported)• Sedition (anything written, published or said

that is “false, scandalous, or malicious” against the US gov can result in fine or jail)

• Democratic-Republicans– This act was

enforced the most• 10 Republicans will

be convicted– Newspaper editors– Congressmen

• Matthew Lyon re-elected in jail!!!

• or – JA felt it was

Constitutional though

– Abigail told him to do it (she was a little cut-throat)

– Passed July 4…Feds thought it would be fitting

• Uncertain role of Pres• Congress dominated

by Federalists• WEAK Supreme

Court!• Some President was

going to challenge the strength of the Bill of Rights. Adams does first.

• What did Americans do with the A+S Acts?– Not too much…they

were more upset about…

• Who was angered more?– Democratic-

Republicans• What did they do?

• What did they say?• Why is this a HUGE

DEAL?

VA & KY Resolutions

• USA kinda wins• What does the

USA win from France?– 1778 Treaty of

Alliance is void• USA is now part

of no alliances (and will stay that way for 100+ years!!)

• Adams and Haiti!!

6a. JA suffers a political death

• Adams is caught in the middle in many ways

• Hamilton vs Adams got uglier!!– Feds listened to Hamilton– JA’s own cabinet against him!!

• Hardcore Feds mad at JA w/his handling of the Quasi-War…– Feds wanted him to Declare War

and have an all-out war– Adams cut the army– Adams starts and ends the war

with Diplomacy• Did Adams do the right thing? Yes & No

Who is James Callender?

• AH tried many times to take down Adams…– AH’s last plan was to get

Thomas Pinckney (lightweight) elected as President

– Who would have been Prez?

Election of1800 getsuglier!!

• This election gets really messed up• How do you win a Presidential Election?

– Article 2, Section 1, Paragraph 3• The Electoral

College has 16 states and 138 Electors

• How many votes does each elector have?

• How many Electoral Votes do you need to win?

• Based on the rules, each elector has 2 votes they have to use

• So while the map says TJ won 12 electoral votes in NY, 12 other NY votes went to somebody else!!!

• What do the rules say about 1st & 2nd place?

• What are the parties starting to do by this election?– Sortof Run Prez + VP Tickets!! But how?

• Dem Reps ballot was…– Jefferson Prez– Burr VP

• Federalists ballot was…– Adams Prez– Pinckney VP

• What should happen with the votes?

• Electors voted for each man on the ticket

• First results were– Jefferson 73

• Burr 73

– Adams 65• Pinckney 64• John Jay 1

• Was the voting performed right?• No majority winner…what then?

What are the rules?

• Jefferson did not trust Burr (nobody did)• TJ took Burr as VP to get NY (and he got it)• TJ expected Burr to step down and Burr does not!!!

• A House of Reps that is still run by Federalists!!!– Many Federalists prefer Burr!!

• Jefferson vs. Burr (No Adams)• How do the rules work?

– Reps votes add up in each state– Whoever gets more Reps votes in

each state gets the state– 16 states. You need how many to

win?

• 1st Ballot…– Jefferson 8, Burr 6, Abstain 2

• 8-8 split in House theoretically

• How many ballots does it take?• 2nd to 35th Ballot = 8-6-2• First 35 ballots took weeks to

complete‒ Crazy stories (JA+TJ, Civil War, JA

will be President again!!)

• Some of the voters changed their minds on their own

• Hamilton (of all people) got some Feds to pick TJ over Burr…why?‒Hamilton hated Burr…

what will happen to the two of them?

• 11th = States can’t be sued by resident of another state or country

• 12th = Fixed Article 2 of Const– Ratified June 1804...

• before next election– Old System details

• 2 votes per elector• 1st place = Prez• 2nd place = VP

• Still 2 votes per Elector…– 1 for Prez– 1 for VP (which doesn’t count)

• 1st and 2nd place now means what?– 1st wins– 2nd loses everything

• Why is the 12th Amendment Important?– Enemies won’t be Prez-VP– Election of 1800 debacle won’t

happen again

• The country decided democratically to “overthrow” another “autocratic” government

• Spectrum in the Dem-Reps eyes‒ 2nd step towards weaker Federal government…

(we’ll see…)• Why is this Election a HUGE DEAL?

– Power is transferred peacefully!– We sure look better than…

• Federalists lost power to Democratic-Republicans in all 3 Branches??– Executive– Legislative– Judicial…………………………………………………..

• AKA Midnight Judges Act• Lame Duck Adams and

Federalist Congress pass it in last days of office

• Added more Circuit and District Courts

• More Judicial positions created for whom?– Federalists!!!– What was Adams and the

Federalist Congress trying to do?

??

• Chief Justice John Marshall

• Federalist• Will serve for 34

YEARS!!!!• His impact will be

seen in the next few Presidencies!!

• GW is dead, JA goes home, AH is finished

Farewell to the Federalists