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Anatomy and Physiology. ANATOMY DEFINITIONS. MUSCLES - exert forces to create movement and to hold the body in various positions. BONES - provide the framework to which muscles, ligaments and tendons attach. LIGAMENTS - connect bone to bone. TENDONS - attach muscle to bone. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Anatomy and
Physiology
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
ANATOMY DEFINITIONS
• MUSCLES - exert forces to create movement and to hold the body in various positions.
• BONES - provide the framework to which muscles, ligaments and tendons attach.
• LIGAMENTS - connect bone to bone.
• TENDONS - attach muscle to bone.
• NERVES - allow signals to be transmitted to and from brain.
• VEINS/ARTERIES (VASCULAR) - allow for proper blood circulation.
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Overexertion Injury Types
• Strains– Muscles
– Tendons
• Sprains– Ligaments
• Disc / Nerve– Prolapse or herniation of disc
– Sciatic nerve
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Common CTD’s
• Tendonitis
• Tenosynovitis
• Trigger Finger
• Epicondylitis
• Thorasic Outlet Syndrome
• Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Tendon & Tendon Sheaths
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Carpal Tunnel
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Hand Nerve Patterns
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Common Upper Extremity Cumulative Trauma Disorders
Rotator Cuff Tendinitis
Bicipital Tenosynovitis
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Median Nerve
Lateral Epicondylitis
Radial Nerve
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Gaylon Tunnel Syndrome
Ulnar Nerve
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Two Kinds of Back Injuries
MUSCULAR SPINAL
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Muscular Injuries
• Heal Quickly– Most muscle injuries heal within 10 days
• Once Injured, can be as good as new
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Muscle Blood Usage
Resting Dynamic Static
bloodflow
needed
bloodflow
supplied
bloodflow
needed
bloodflow
needed
bloodflow
supplied
bloodflow
supplied
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
The Spine
CervicalCurve
ThoracicCurve
LumbarCurve
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Spinal Column
Cervical Vertebrae
L1
Lumbar Vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
L = LumbarS = Sacrum L2
L3L4L5S1
S2S3
S4S5
Thoracic Vertebrae
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
The Spine
Top View
Side View
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Disc
Soft Center
Outer Ring
VertebraeNerve Root
Facet Joint
Structure of the Spine
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
The Spine
Scar tissue from healing fractureshinders passage of nutrients to disc resulting in gradual weakeningand de-generation.
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Spinal Discs Under Various Loads
Normal Load
Additional Load
Uneven Load
Torsion Load
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Ergonomics
ANATOMY
BWC Div. Of
Safety & Hygiene
Disc Degeneration
